COLUMBIA  LIBRARIES  OFFSITE 

HEALTH  SCIENCES  STANDARD 


HX64070816 
R  K656  D43  1914     The  twentieth  centur 


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The  Twentieth  century 
mould  book 

Containing 

Illustrations  and  Measurements  of 

Twentieth  Century,  Dentsply, 

Solila  Teeth,  Crowns 

and  Dentsply  Facings 

Together  with 

Much  Useful  Information  concerning 
their  Manipulation. 


(THIRD   EDITION) 


The  DENTISTS'  Supply  Company 

Candler  Building-,  Times  Square 
220  West  Forty-second  Street  ::  New  York,  N.Y.,  U.  S.  A. 


Ctobu     V 


Copyrighted,  1908 

BY 

The  Dentists'  Supply  Company 
New  York 


Press  of 

ioNTROSS    &    ClARKK    Co. 

30  Ferrv  Street 
New  York 


PREFACE  TO  THIRD  EDITION 

Since  the  second  edition  of  the  Twentieth  Century  Mould  Book 
was  published,  important  improvements  in  the  formation  of  vulcan- 
ite teeth,  in  articulators  and  methods  of  articulation  have  been  re- 
corded. 

In  1909  we  introduced  to  the  dental  profession  the  first  anatomi- 
cal bicuspids  and  molars  to  be  commercially  manufactured.  They 
have  now  been  extensively  copied,  but  are  still  superior.  They  are 
now  regularly  furnished  with  selected  moulds  of  vulcanite  teeth,  as 
described  in  the  following  pages. 

In  19 1 2  we  announced  Solila  Teeth  as  an  improvement  on  plati- 
num pin  teeth  at  lower  prices.  They  have  large  diameter,  pure  gold 
pins,  greatly  strengthened  by  cores  of  regular  Twentieth  Century 
pin  metal.    These  pins  are  soldered  in. 

We  introduced  also  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings,  which  have 
proved  so  welcome  to  many  careful  dentists.  These,  and  the  regular 
long  pin  Facings  are  illustrated  and  described  in  this  book. 

Descriptions  of  our  Porcelain  Crowns,  in  all  forms,  will  be 
found  in  a  separate  book  "The  Crown  Book''  which  may  be  had 
free,  on  request. 

If  our  efforts  to  improve  the  teeth  with  which  dentists  must 
work,  the  articulators  and  the  methods  of  articulation  are  successful, 
we  shall  be  content. 

THE  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  MOULD  BOOK 
THIRD  EDITION. 
Dec.  I,  1913. 


FOREWORD. 


To  The  Dental  Profession. 

In  the  following  pages  we  offer  some  entirely  new  methods  for 
selecting  artificial  teeth.  For  the  first  time  the  selection  of  artificial 
teeth  is  reduced  to  a  science,  At  the  same  time  such  selection  is 
made  so  much  more  rapid,  easy  and  accurate,  as  to  confer  distinct 
benefits  on  every  dentist  who  adopts  the  new  methods. 

Every  mould  of  Twentieth  Century  and  Solila  Teeth,  Crowns, 
Facings  and  Dentsply  and  Pointed  Pin  Facings  has  been  measured 
in  millimeters  and  the  information  so  arranged  as  to  facilitate  rapid 
and  accurate  selection. 

Many  dentists  have  failed  to  make  use  of  the  very  important 
mechanical  advantages  offered  by  the  varying  lengths  of  bite,  shut 
and  ridge-lap.  This  book  makes  these  advantages  plain.  They 
make  it  much  easier  for  the  dentist  to  select  teeth  to  conform  to  the 
mechanical  requirements  of  the  various  cases. 

Behind  each  Mould  are  definite  plans  and  careful  study.  Each 
Mould  is  made  to  fill  a  clearly  recognized  need,  to  enable  dentists 
to  fit  a  particular  case  with  a  tooth  which  not  only  harmonizes  in 
outline  with  the  face,  but  meets  the  mechanical  requirements,  as 
determined  by  the  comparative  depth  of  ridge  and  length  of  lip, 
and  the  length  of  the  ridge  from  one  tuberosity  to  the  other. 

It  will  also  be  easy  to  select  from  among  the  moulds  of  proper 
width,  one  which  will  permit  the  pins  to  set  on  the  ridge,  the  incisal 
edges  of  the  anteriors  to  come  at  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  trial 
plate  and  that  part  of  the  plate  exposed  in  laughing  to  be  occupied  by 
the  teeth.  There  need  never  again  be  need  for  ordering  teeth 
as  "large"  or  "small."  Exact  orders  for  exact  needs  should  be  the 
rule. 

There  is  no  department  cf  dentistry  into  which  the  introduction 
of  scientific  measurements  is  so  much  needed  as  the  Prosthetic.  If 
the  introduction  of  exactness  where  all  has  been  indefinite,  require 

4 


a  little  patience  and  practice  we  ask  that  for  your  own  sake  you  exer- 
cise that  patience  which  we  have  so  willingly  exerted  in  your  behalf. 

In  return  we  promise  you  such  artistic  results,  such  increased  con- 
venience and  such  time  and  labor  saving  as  you  have  never  known 
in  prosthetic  work  before.  There  will  be  no  need  to  send  models  to 
dealers.  There  will  be  no  need  to  wax  on  teeth  to  see  if  they  will 
come  out  right.  With  the  aid  of  the  celluloid  measure  the  mould 
numbers  may  be  quickly  obtained.  After  a  little  practice  it  should  be 
possible  to  select  the  best  mould  for  any  given  case  in  three  or  four 
minutes. 

Thanking  you  for  past  favors  and  assuring  you  of  our  untiring 
industry  in  all  that  will  be  for  your  benefit,  we  remain, 

Yours  respectfully, 

THE  DENTISTS'  SUPPLY  COMPANY. 


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The  Candler  Building,  Times  Square.     220  West  42d  Street,  New  York,  N.  Y.,  U.  S.  A. 

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15 


CHAPTER  1 


The  Twentieth  Century  Method 
OF  Selecting  Teeth 


is  based  on  the  fact  that  it  is  compar- 
atively easy  to  determine  in  advance 
the  dimensions  of  the  required  teeth 
in  millimeters.  The  teeth  may  then 
be  most  advantageously  selected  from 
tables  in  which  the  sizes  of  artificial 
teeth  are  recorded  in  millimeters. 

Selection  of  vulcanite  teeth  for 
dentures  may  be  divided  Into  two 
parts,  selection  for  appearance  and 
selection  for  mechanical  suitability. 

Selection  for  Appearance. 

This  has  to  do  more  especially  with 
the  anterior  teeth.  It  largely  de- 
termines the  lengths  and  widths  of 
the  teeth,  and  the  character  of  outline 
which  will  harmonize  best  with  the 
patient's  face.  Such  selection  is  made 
easy  by  the  fact  that  there  are  some 
pretty  constant  relations  between  the 
positions  of  the  lips  and  the  sizes  of 
the  natural  teeth,  which  can  be  used 
as  guides.    They  are: 

That  nature  places  the  cutting 
edges  of  the  upper  centrals  about  1.5 
m.m.  below  the  edge  of  the  upper  lip 
when  at  rest.  This  gives  proper  ex- 
pression to  the  upper  lip  and  the 
proper  outward  turn  to  the  edge  of 
the  lower  lip.   The  teeth  then  show  to 


The  cutting  edges  of  upper  natural 
centrals  normally  come  1.5  m.m.  be- 
low the   rest   line   of  the   lips. 

No.   1 


In  smiling,  3  persons  in  4,  raise  the 
upper  lip  to  the  level  of  the  necks  of 
the  natural  centrals. 

No.   2 


17 


Properly  made  trial  plates  are  essential 
to  articulation  of  artificial  teeth.  Base 
plates  of  composition  should  be  shaped 
over  the  models,  strengthened  with 
wire,   and   wax   ridges   added. 

No.    3 


Edentulous  patient  showing  drooping  of 
soft  tissues  following  extraction  of 
teeth.  The  labial  ends  of  the  alae  and 
septum  droop  and  the  tissues  in  the 
labial  triangle  sink  inward.  (This 
picture  and  No.  6-  were  taken  in  the 
same  light  at  the  same  time,  and  il- 
lustrate very  clearly  the  possibilities 
in  restoration.) 

No.    4 


advantage  in  speaking.  The  edges  of 
the  artificial  upper  centrals  should  be 
similarly  placed. 

About  three  people  out  of  four 
raise  the  upper  lip,  in  smiling,  till  its 
edge  is  level  with  the  necks  of  the 
upper  centrals.  This  prevents  the  ex- 
posure of  much  gum.  In  hearty 
laughing  the  lip  is  raised  above  the 
necks.  The  necks  of  the  upper  arti- 
ficial centrals  may  with  advantage  be 
located  on  the  same  level.  There 
will  then  be  no  unpleasant  display  of 
gum. 

If  the  orifice  of  the  mouth  is  well 
proportioned  to  the  face,  the  distal 
angles  of  the  artificial  cuspids  may 
well  come  opposite  the  corners  of  the 
orifice.  Upper  anteriors  of  this 
width  are  likely  to  harmonize  with 
the  patient's  face.  If  the  orifice  is 
large  or  small  in  proportion  to  the 
face,  it  is  well  to  mark  the  locations 
of  its  corners  and  make  any  desired 
change  later. 

The  necks  of  the  lower  centrals 
may  well  come  on  the  same  level  as 
the  edge  of  the  lower  lip  when  de- 
pressed by  the  depressor  muscles. 
This  prevents  the  exposure  of  the 
lower  gums,  under  ordinary  condi- 
tions. 

How  TO  Apply  These  Positions 
OF  THE  Lips. 

It  Is  necessary  to  make  proper 
trial  plates.  Insert  them  In  the  mouth, 
trim  for  length  and  fullness  until  the 
lips  rest  in  the  desired  positions,  and 


18 


Patient  with  trial  plates  in  position.  The 
labial  ends  of  the  alae  and  septum  are 
pushed  up  to  place,  vivifying  the  ex- 
pression. The  lips  are  built  ^  out  in 
harmony  with  the  general  facial  con- 
tour. Note  the  animated  and  vigor- 
ous    expression. 

No.    5 


Patient  with  trial  plates  properly  built 
u]j  and  out  as  in  illustration  No.  .5. 
The  tissues  in  the  labial  triangle,  the 
alae  and  septum,  and  the  corners  of 
the  orifice  of  the  mouth  have  been 
lifted  by  making  the  plate  high  over 
the  cusijid  eminence.  Contrast  the 
apiiearance    here    and    in    No.    4. 

No.    0 


then  mark  on  the  wax  the  locations 
of  the  lips. 

Proper  trial  plates  can  be  made 
after  only  one  manner.  That  is  by 
making  proper  models  of  both  jaws, 
by  shaping  over  them  baseplates 
of  some  substance  which  will  sup- 
port the  teeth  during  the  several  op- 
erations of  denture  making,  and  by 
shaping  on  each  baseplate  a  rim  of 
wax,  which  takes  the  place  of  the 
teeth,  and  which  can  be  trimmed  for 
length  and  fullness. 

The  upper  trial  plate  is  placed  in 
the  mouth  and  trimmed  to  be  verti- 
cally 1.5  m.m.  (1/16  inch)  longer 
than  the  upper  lip  in  the  median  line. 
The  lower  trial  plate  is  warmed  and 
placed  in  the  mouth  and  the  jaw  is 
pressed  upward  until  the  lips  touch 
lightly  in  repose. 

An  instrument  is  carefully  placed 
between  the  lips  as  they  lie  touching, 
is  moved  to  one  corner  of  the  ori- 
fice of  the  mouth  and  then  the  other, 
and  the  locations  of  the  corners 
marked  on  the  wax. 

The  patient  is  then  caused  to  raise 
the  upper  lip  as  in  smiling,  and  the 
level  of  its  edge  is  marked  on  the  wax. 
This  is  the  high  line. 

The  lower  lip  should  then  be  de- 
pressed by  the  depressor  muscles  and 
the  level  of  its  edge  marked  on  the 
wax.     This  is  the  low  line. 

Selecting    the     Proper    Tooth 
Outline. 

Having  registered  the  requirements 
as  to  sizes  of  the  teeth,  it  will  be  well 


19 


The  white  line  is  drawn  from  the  low- 
est point  of  the  opening  into  the  ear, 
to  the  lowest  point  of  the  wing  of 
the  nose.  It  is  parallel  with  the  oc- 
clusal plane  of  the  natural  teeth.  The 
occlusal  surfaces  of  the  trial  plates 
should  be  made  parallel  with  the  line. 

No.    7 


Shaping  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the 
upper  trial  plate  to  be  parallel  with 
the  line  on  the  face  by  pressing  a 
table  knife  upward  against  the  soft- 
ened   ridge    of    the    upper    trial    plate. 

No.   8 


to  select  a  mould  which  will  harmo- 
nize with  the  face.  In  general  it  may 
be  said  that  the  mould  should  have 
the  same  general  outlines  as  the  face. 
A  wide  face  with  full  curves  should 
have  a  wide  mould  with  full  curves. 
A  thin  face  with  flat  curves  requires 
a  narrow  mould  with  flat  curves. 
Such  a  mould  may  be  easily  secured. 

There  has  been  much  attention 
given  to  the  classification  of  faces 
on  the  basis  of  temperaments,  ner- 
vous, sanguine,  lymphatic,  etc.  As 
this  is  not  a  text  book,  it  may  suf- 
fice to  say  here  that  the  scientific 
world  now  places  little  faith  in  the 
classification  by  temperaments,  and 
many  of  the  more  advanced  thinkers 
openly  scout  it  as  unscientific  and  im- 
practicable. For  the  practitioner  of 
dentistry  who  cannot  go  deeply  into 
the  study  of  temperaments,  it  need 
only  be  said  that  the  study  is  difficult 
and  bewildering  and  that  the  results 
are  not  satisfactory.  The  following 
method,  suggested  by  Dr.  F.  H. 
Berry,  is  believed  to  be  the  best 
known. 

Dr.  Berry's  method  is  briefly  to 
make  a  sketch  of  the  outline  of  the 
patient's  face,  seen  full  front,  from 
the  middle  of  the  forehead  down- 
ward, as  shown  in  illustration  No.  ii 
and  invert  it,  when  it  will  be  found  to 
be  the  outline  of  a  tooth  which  will 
harmonize  in  character  with  the  face. 

When  this  has  been  done,  the  data 
is  at  hand  for  selection  from  the  point 
of  view  of  appearance  and  we  may 


20 


Marking    high    line    on    trial    plate. 
No.    9 


turn    to    another    equally    important 
point,   namely 


Selection 


FOR       Mechanical 
Fitness. 


The  fact  that  a  mould  is  of  the 
right  length  and  width  to  produce 
a  certain  pleasing  effect,  does  not  in- 
sure its  being  of  such  mechanical  fit- 
ness that  the  dentist  can  put  the  teeth 
easily  into  their  proper  places.  It 
is  easily  possible  to  learn  in  advance 
of  the  actual  selection,  just  what  di- 
mensions a  mould  must  have  to  go  to 
place  with  a  minimum  of  grinding. 

The  first  requirement  is  to  make 
sure  that  the  anteriors  will  go  between 
the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  trial  plate.  Then 
the  desired  width  of  the  full  set  should 
be  ascertained,  in  order  that  they 
may  be  of  correct  width  to  bring  the 
second  molars  in  proper  locations. 

Both  these  dimensions  may  be 
easily  gotten. 

The  lingual  surface  of  an  anterior 


Marking    location    of    corners    of    orifice        foOth    is    dlvidcd    intO    thrCC    partS,    thc 
on  tnal  plate.  ■*■ 


No.  10 


This    outline    on    a    face    indicates    the 
outline     of    artificial     tooth    that    will 
appear  well.     Dr.   Berry's  method. 
No.  11 


bite,   shut  and  ridgelap. 

The  bite  and  shut  are  supposed  to 
sit  below  the  upper  ridge  or  above 
the  lower  ridge  as  in  illustration  No. 
13.  The  ridgelap  is  supposed  to  lap 
the  ridge  to  carry  the  labial  side  of 
the  tooth  to  the  high  line  or  low  line. 

The  first  essential  then  is  to  learn 
the  amount  of  free  space  between  the 
surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  labio- 
Incisal  angle  of  the  trial  plate.     The 

21 


Marking    the    location    of    the    low    line 
on   lower   trial   plate. 
No.    13 


bite  and  shut  of  the  mould  must  not 
be  longer  than  this  distance,  or  the 
teeth  will  not  go  easily  to  place. 

To  determine  this  distance,  hold 
the  upper  trial  plate  with  the  palatal 
surface  upward,  and  thrust  a  pin 
through  from  the  labial  surface  of 
the  ridge  at  the  median  line  so  that 
it  may  be  seen  from  the  palatal, 
where  it  would  just  touch  the  deep- 
est part  of  the  ridge.  Illustration 
No.  1 6  shows  half  a  trial  plate  with 
the  pin  in  position.  The  distance 
from  the  pinhole  to  the  labio-incisal 
angle  of  the  trial  plate  will  be  the 
greatest  distance  available  for  the 
combined  bite  and  shut. 

After  the  trial  plates  are  out  of 
the  mouth  a  vertical  mark  should  be 
made  on  each  side  of  the  upper  trial 
plate  to  indicate  how  far  back  the 
teeth  are  to  extend.  From  this  mark 
on  one  side,  around  to  a  similar  mark 
on  the  other  side,  will  be  the  width 
of  the  full  14  teeth  set  up. 


Four  different  mechanical  conditions  in 
plates  where  teeth  of  the  same  length 
and    width   are    indicated. 

In  the  upper  left  illustration,  there  is 
little  alveolar  absorption  and  a  tooth 
with  short  combined  bite  and  shut  is 
indicated. 

In  the  upper  right  illustration,  there  is 
more  absorption.  A  tooth  of  the  same 
length,  but  with  longer  combined  bite 
and  shut  is  required. 

In  the  lower  left  illustration,  the  ab- 
sorption is  still  greater,  and  in  the 
lower  right  illustration  it  is  complete 
requiring  a  long  bite  and  shut. 

Four  moulds  of  teeth  having  the  same 
lengths  but  different  combined  bites 
and  shuts  are  indicated  for  these  dif- 
ferent mechanical  conditions.  Twen- 
tieth Century  teeth  permit  selection 
to  suit  such  cases.  The  moulds  used 
are    shown   in    illustration    No.    14. 

The  short  bite  mould  has  less  cutting 
power  than  the  longer  bite  teeth.  It 
crushes  through  food  rather  than  cuts 
through.  It  also  makes  a  more  awk- 
ward place  for  the  tongue. 
No.   13 


Getting  the  Dimensions  of  the 
Required  Teeth  in  Millimeters. 

With  each  Twentieth  Century 
Mould  Book  will  be  found  a  flexible 
millimeter  rule.  This  is  made  of 
celluloid  as  being  more  easily  bent 
and  less  affected  by  shrinkage.  The 
celluloid  for  the  measures  was  es- 
pecially selected  and  seasoned  before 
the  measures  were  made. 

With  this  celluloid  rule,  measure 
the  distance  from  the  high  line  of  the 


Mould   4. 

Conibiiied   bite  and   shut   iV^   mm. 


Mould    11. 

Combined   bite   and   shut    6    mm. 


Mould   13. 

Combined   bite    and   shut    7   mm. 


Mould    14. 

Combined  bite  and  shut  TV^   mm. 


Enlarged  photographs  of  the  four  cen- 
trals indicated  m  illustration  No.  13 
All  ctntrals  are  of  the  same  length 
and  the  six  anteriors  from  all  the 
moulds  are  of  similar  combined  width 

(See  the  note  regarding  these  teetli, 
under   illustration    No.    13). 

No.    14 


upper  trial  plate  to  the  labio-Incisal 
angle  of  the  trial  plate.  Illustration 
No.  1 8.  That  is  the  length  of  the 
exposed  surface  of  the  upper  central. 
In  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply 
Teeth  add  i  m.m.  for  collar,  to  go 
into  the  vulcanite.  Write  down 
"Length  Central     m.m." 

Measure  from  the  pinhole  to  the 
labio-incisal  angle.  That  distance  is 
the  greatest  length  of  bite  and  shut 
mechanically  suitable  for  the  case. 
Write  down   "bite  and  shut     m.m." 

Invert  the  upper  trial  plate.  Bend 
the  measure  along  the  incisal  edge  and 
measure  from  the  mark  for  the  distal 
angle  of  one  cuspid  to  the  mark  for 
the  distal  angle  of  the  other  cuspid, 
as  in  illustration  No.  19.  That  is 
the  width  of  the  upper  six  anteriors, 
set  up.  Write  "Combined  width  six 
anteriors     m.m." 

Measure  around  the  trial  plate 
from  the  mark  for  the  distal  side  of 
one  second  molar  to  the  mark  for 
the  distal  side  of  the  other  second 
molar.  That  distance  is  the  width 
of  the  full  14  teeth,  set  up.  Write 
"width  full  14  set  up.      m.m." 

The  Dimensions  of  Lovi^er  Teeth. 

When  full  upper  and  lower  den- 
tures are  being  made  together,  with 
Twentieth  Century  or  Dentsply 
Teeth,  it  will  not  be  necessary  to 
measure  for  the  dimensions  of  the 
lower  teeth,  since  the  uppers  and 
lowers  in  the  first  42  vulcanite  moulds 
shown    in   Table    No.    i,    this    book, 


Side     view     of     properly     marked     trial 
plate     after    removal    from    mouth. 

No.   15 


Section  of  trial  plate  in  No.  1.5.  Pin 
level  with  surface  of  ridge.  The  dis- 
tance from  pin  hole  to  occlusal  sur- 
face of  ridge  equals  the  greatest 
available  bite  and  shut  in  the  tooth. 

No.   16 


have  been  carefully  carded  to  cor- 
rect widths  of  uppers  and  lowers.  In 
the  Assortments,  described  in  Chap- 
ter IV,  the  upper  and  lower  anteriors 
which  articulate  well  are  given  in  the 
Articulation  Chart  which  accom- 
panies each  Assortment. 

When  it  is  desired  to  obtain  the 
dimensions  for  lower  teeth,  the  length 
of  the  lower  centrals  may  be  gotten 
by  measuring  from  the  rest  line  to  the 
low  line  and  adding  i  m.m,  for  collar. 
The  greatest  length  of  bite  and  shut 
available  may  be  ascertained  with  a 
pin  in  the  same  manner  as  on  the 
upper  trial  plate. 

The  width  of  the  lower  anteriors 
may  be  ascertained  by  measuring 
around  the  trial  plate  from  opposite 
the  tip  of  one  upper  cuspid  to  a  mark 
opposite  the  tip  of  the  other  upper 
cuspid.  This  is  possible  because  the 
distal  angles  of  the  lower  cuspids 
come  directly  below  the  tips  of  the 
upper  cuspids. 


COLLAR 


COMBINED 

BITE 

AND 

SHUT 


No.    17 


RIDGE 
LAP 


BITE 


Selecting      Teeth      by 
Measurements. 


These 


For  the  ordinary  methods  of  selec- 
tion, the  millimeter  dimensions  would 
be  of  little  value.  But  each  Twen- 
tieth Century  and  Dentsply  mould  has 
been  carefully  measured  in  those 
diameters  which  correspond  with  the 
measurements  on  the  trial  plates.  It 
is  necessary  therefore  only  to  turn 
to  the  tables  of  such  dimensions  of 
the  teeth,  and  select  the  mould  or 
moulds  which  most  closely  correspond 

24 


Measuring    the    trial     plates    vertically 
for  length   of   central. 

No.    18 


with  the  requirements.  This  is  very 
much  more  rapid  and  satisfactory 
than  selection  by  the  ordinary  method 
of  examining  many  teeth. 

How  TO  Use  the  Tables  of  Tooth 

Measurements. 

In  the  column  marked  "Length  of 
Central,"  locate  all  the  moulds  hav- 
ing centrals  of  the  length  required. 
There  will  usually  be  several  moulds 
in  which  the  centrals  are  of  the  right 
lengths.  Then  from  among  the 
moulds  having  the  right  length  of  cen- 
trals, separate  those  having  the  ant- 
eriors  nearest  the  correct  width,  as 
shown  in  the  column  marked  "Width 
six  Anteriors". 

The  next  column  to  the  right  re- 
cords the  width  of  the  full  14  teeth 
of  each  mould,  when  set  up.  From 
among  those  so  far  correct,  select 
those  moulds  in  which  the  width  of 
the  14  is  satisfactory. 

From  among  those  remaining  as 
satisfactory,  select  one  in  which  the 
combined  bite  and  shut  of  the  central 
is  correct,  as  shown  in  the  adjoining 
column  on  the  right.  This  should 
not  be  much  greater  than  the  distance 
from  the  pin  hole  to  the  cutting  edge 
of  the  trial  plate.  It  is  better  if  it 
is  not  much  less.  For  the  possibili- 
ties in  this  dimension  see  illustration 
No.  13. 

It  will  sometimes  be  necessary  to 
On  the  right— Bite  measured  in  iiius-     make  concessIons  in  onc  or  more  of 

tration    Nos.    14   and   15.  i  ^       1  r  j-U 

On  the  left— Teeth  selected  from  meas-     the  mcasuremcnts,  Dut  centrals  ot  tne 

urements.  _  .  ^ 

^,    „„  correct  length   and  anteriors  ot   ap- 

No.    20  " 


Measuring     trial     plate     for  width     of 

■     anteriors     and     fourteen.  Eyistance 

between   marks   at   corners  of   mouth, 
45     millimeters.        Distance     between 

marks    for    second    molars,  108    milli- 
meters. 

No.    19 


Patient    for    whom    bites    were   made    in 
illustration   No.   20,   wearing  the  teeth 
shown   in    illustration    No.   20 
No.    21 


Patient   for   whom   lowers   were  selected 
by  this  method. 

No.    32 


Models  mounted   by  means   of   the   Inci- 
sor Guide. 

No.    23 


proximately  the  correct  width  and 
bite  and  shut  may  nearly  always  be 
obtained.  Dentists  who  have  on  hand 
the  Assortments  described  in  Chap- 
ter IV,  may  easily  change  the  width 
of  the  full  14  as  desired,  by  using 
different  bicuspids  and  molars. 

Example. 

Suppose  that  the  measurements  on 
the  trial  plate  indicated  that  teeth 
were  required  of  the  following 
dimensions: 

Length  of  central  1 1  >^  m.m. 

Combined  bite  and  shut  7  m.m. 

Width  6  anteriors  47  m.m. 

Width  full  14  108  m.m. 

The  tables  show  that  there  are  4 
moulds  having  centrals  exactly  11 5^ 
m.m.  long,  and  28  moulds  having  cen- 
trals within  >4  m.m.  of  that  length. 
A  millimeter  is  equal  to  1/25  of  an 
inch  and  /^  m.m.  either  way  in  such 
selections  is  close  enough. 

Of  these  32  moulds,  22  have  the 
six  upper  anteriors  within  i  m.m, 
either  way  of  the  right  combined 
width.  Of  these  22  moulds,  13  have 
practically  the  right  width  of  full  14, 
set  up.  Of  these  13  moulds,  10  have 
approximately  the  correct  bite  and 
shut.  These  moulds  are  Moulds  29- 
65-12-71-26-78-8-76-109-49  and  they 
are  practically  correct  in  all  the  im- 
portant dimensions.  From  among 
these,  one  mould  may  be  selected 
which  harmonizes  in  outline  with  the 


26 


Setting    the    mouth    piece    of    the    Snow 
Face    Bow   into   the   upper   trial  plate. 
No.    24 


Patient    with    Snow    Face    Bow    in    posi- 
tion. 

No.    25 


Trial  plates  mounted  on  the   Gysi   Sim- 
plex   Articulator    with    face   bow. 
No.   26 


patient's  face,  and  the  order  for  the 
teeth  be  made  out  by  the  mould 
number. 

it  may  take  some  time  to  select 
the  first  two  or  three  sets  by  this 
method,  but  after  the  technic  is 
learned,  selection  may  be  made  in  5 
minutes. 


Advantages. 

Several  advantageous  results  are 
obtained  by  the  Twentieth  Century 
Method  of  Selection.     They  are: 

Once  the  technic  is  learned,  much 
time  is  saved. 

The  confusion  resulting  from  see- 
ing many  moulds  is  avoided. 

Selection  Is  made  by  the  dentist, 
who  is  the  person  most  competent  to 
select. 

Orders  may  be  more  Intelligently 
sent  and  more  quickly  and  accurately 
filled. 

Anteriors  of  the  right  length  and 
width  to  harmonize  with  the  face  are 
secured.  This  overcomes  the  very 
common  effect  of  selecting  anteriors 
too  short  or  too  narrow. 

The  patient  does  not  expose  more 
of  the  bicuspids  and  molars  in  smil- 
ing than  should  be  the  case. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  kept 
back  where  the  jaw  Is  able  to  do  the 
most  grinding,  and  in  this  way  the 
patient  gets  the  best  chewing  value 
from  the  plate. 


27 


CHAPTER  II. 

Selecting  The  Shade. 

Having  secured  the  measurements  for  the  mould,  care  must 
be  taken  to  select  the  shade  which  will  harmonize  with  the  colors 
in  the  complexion.  If  this  be  carefully  done  there  will  be  none 
of  the  ghastly  and  conspicuous  appearance  which  characterizes 
many  sets  of  artificial  teeth.  The  well  selected  plate  should  be 
inconspicuous  because  it  harmonizes  so  well  with  the  rest  of  the  face 
that  it  does  not  draw  unto  itself  special  attention. 

Geti  it  firmly  in  mind  that  there  are  few  if  any  cases  requiring 
white  teeth.  Every  complexion  usually  shows  several  colors  or 
shades,  including  the  yellow  or  pink  of  the  flesh,  the  blue,  gray, 
brown  or  the  black  of  the  eye,  and  the  color  of  the  hair.  If  the 
face  be  looked  at  with  the  eyelids  half  closed  so  that  one  looks 
through  the  lashes,  all  the  elements  will  often  blend  into  one 
general  shade.  It  is  with  this  general  shade  that  the  tooth  selected 
must  harmonize  in  color  to  produce  the  best  results. 

If  the  dentist,  before  extracting,  will  carefully  match  the  shade 
of  any  remaining  natural  teeth  and  record  it,  the  selection  of  arti- 
ficial teeth  may  be  made  simple  and  very  satisfactory. 

Just  as  the  selection  of  artificial  teeth  has  been  made  largely 
mechanical  by  the  methods  outlined  in  this  book,  so  the  selection 
of  shades  can  be  made  largely  mechanical  by  an  intelligent  use  of 
the  Twentieth  Century  Shade  Guide. 

Pay  attention  to  the  light  in  which  the  patient  sits.  The 
patient's  face  should  be  well  illuminated,  but  when  the  remaining 
teeth  and  the  Shade  Guide  Tooth  are  exposed,  the  light  should 
not  fall  on  them  in  such  way  as  to  reflect  a  glaze,  since  this  will 
mislead  the  dentist  who  is  making  the  selection. 

Neither  the  remaining  natural  teeth  nor  the  artificial  teeth 
should  be  allowed  to  become  dry  during  the  matching,  but  each 
should  show  the  slight  moisture  characteristic  of  the  mouth.  If 
the  natural  tooth  be  kept  dry  a  few  moments,  it  will  so  change  color 
that  the  shade  which  matches  it  while  dry  will  not  match  it  at  all 
when  moist.  A  little  moisture  on  the  artificial  tooth  will  make 
it  appear  as  it  will  in  actual  use.     Shut  off  side  lights. 

28 


How  TO  Use  the  Twentieth  Century  Shade  Guide. 

Our  task  is  to  decide  what  color  is  required  for  the  case  and 
what  shade  of  that  color.  There  are  two  ways  of  doing  this. 
Some  dentists  are  so  skillful  at  detecting  colors  that  by  a  mere 
glance  at  the  face  they  can  decide  that  a  yellow  or  a  gray  or  a 
blue  tooth  is  necessary.  But  the  great  majority  of  dentists  arrive 
at  this  conclusion  from  intelligently  using  the  sample  teeth.  The 
Twentieth  Century  Shade  Guide  shows  six  colors:  white,  blue, 
yellow,  gray,  green  and  brown.  There  are  twenty-five  shades  of 
these  colors  as  follows : 

There  are  four  whites :  Nos.  i  and  2  whitish,  No.  3  a  bluish 
white,  No.  4  milk  white. 

There  are  eight  shades  of  yellow:  Nos.  5  and  8  cream  yellows, 
Nos.  7,  9,  10,  and  15  straw  yellows,  Nos.   16,  20  and  21  yellows. 

There  are  four  blues:  Nos.  6  and  12,  light  blues,  the  blue  in 
No.  6  being  almost  wholly  in  the  incisal  third;  Nos.  13  and  18 
dark  blues. 

Three  grays:  No.  11  light  gray,  No.  14  gray,  No.  22  dark 
gray. 

Nos.   17  and  19  are  greens. 

No.  23  is  a  green  brown  and  Nos.  24  and  25  are  browns. 

Let  us  try  the  sample  teeth  representing  these  shades  under 
the  lip  and  select  that  which  harmonizes  best.     Let  us,  however, 

keep  away  from  the  four  shades  of 
white.  If  we  find  that  we  must  come 
back  tO'  these,  well  and  good,  but  the 
chances  are  that  we  shall  do  well  to  stay 
away  from  them. 

We  may  try  first,  a  yellow.  Of  the 
yellow  shades  perhaps  No.  10  is  most 
representative.  Lay  aside  the  other 
sample  teeth  and  place  No.  10  under  the 
lip,  moistening  it  against  the  lip  as  the 
No-  27  natural   teeth   are   moist.     Allow  it  to 

remain  in  position  long  enough  for  the  color  in  the  tooth  and  the 
colors  in  the  complexion  to  make  a  clear  impression  on  the  mind. 
It  can  then  be  decided  whether  yellow  harmonizes  with  the  com- 
plexion or  represents  a  contrast.     If  it  represents  a  contrast,  we 

29 


shall  look  for  another  color.  If  it  harmonizes,  but  the  shade  does 
not  seem  to  be  exactly  right,  we  can  easily  determine  which  of  the 
eight  yellows  harmonizes  best,  and  order  therefrom. 

If  it  does  not  harmonize,  it  will  be  well  to  try  sample  tooth 
No.  12  which  is  a  light  blue,  under  the  lip  in  the  same  way.  Should 
blue  harmonize  with  the  complexion  and  the  shade  be  a  trifle 
too  dark,  sample  tooth  No.  6  may  be  put  into  position  since  it  is 
lighter  than  No.  12  and  has  nearly  all  of  the  blue  in  the  incisal 
edge.  Should  No.  12  not  be  dark  enough,  Nos.  13  and  18  will 
offer  darker  blues. 

If  neither  the  yellow  nor  the  blue  suit  the  complexion.  No.  1 1 
or  No.  14  may  be  tried  in  the  same  way.  Should  these  be  of  the 
right  color  but  not  dark  enough  in  shade,  No.  22  is  a  dark  gray 
and  will  supply  the  lack. 

Should  none  of  these  be  what  is  desired,  No.  17  may  be  tried 
for  a  green,  No.  23  for  a  blend  of  green  and  brown,  Nos.  24  and 
25    as  browns. 

If  after  careful  consideration  none  of  the  above  colors  are 
suitable,  it  will  probably  be  found  that  one  of  the  whites  will  be 
what  Is  desired  and  for  this  purpose  No.  4  which  is  a  milk  white, 
and  No.  3  which  is  a  blue  white,  will  probably  answer. 

A  method  for  determining  the  color  which  is  in  successful  use 
by  many  dentists  is  to  determine  what  color  predominates  in  the 
complexion  first.  They  do  this  by  laying  the  shade  guide  teeth,  one 
at  a  time,  against  the  cheek  and  determining  which  of  the  colors  pre- 
sented there  harmonizes  best  with  the  skin.  They  also  determine 
which  of  the  shades  of  that  color  is  most  harmonious.  If  this 
shade  now  be  tried  under  the  lip  it  will  usually  be  found  to  pro- 
duce a  very  pleasing  effect  in  combination  with  the  rest  of  the 
face. 

In  selecting  teeth  do  not  work  too  rapidly,  but  do  not  look 
too  long  at  one  time.  Five  seconds  is  as  long  as  the  vision  is 
color  true  at  one  time.  Many  short  trials  are  preferable  to 
fewer  long  ones.  The  results  from  it  are  so  very  much  more 
satisfactory  than  from  less  careful  selection  of  teeth  that  it  well 
repays  the  exercise  of  what  little  patience  is  required  to  learn  this 
part  of  prosthetic  work. 


30 


COMPARATIVE  vSHADH  CHART. 

For  tiiatcliinu  other  shade  Kuides  with  Twentieth  Century-  Sliades.  To  match  a  sha<le.  locate  tlie 
number  of  tliat  shade  under  the  name  of  the  truide  or  riny^.  Tlie  nearest  Twentielli  Century  shade 
will  be  found  on  the  same  line,  first  column  to  the  right.  Where  two  numbers  are  given  the  shade 
runs  from  the  first  toward  the  second. 


s.s.w. 

H.D 

C.D.M. 

Old          T.C. 

s.s.w.     T.C. 

Justi 

T.C. 

Co. 

T.C. 

Sibl 

ey     T.C. 

j.&i 

,.      T.C 

Ash 

T.C. 

Ring      Ring 

Bar 

Ring 

Bar 

Ring 

Ring 

!Ring 

Ring      Ring 

Rill). 

'       Ring 

Ring 

Ring 

1                   1 

26 

1 

1 

4-5 

51 

3 

1 

5 

0 

1 

Bl 

5 

2             1 

27 

2 

2 

8 

52 

1 

2 

10 

1 

2 

B2 

9 

3          2-3 

28 

6 

3 

8 

53 

Dk-2 

3 

Lt-15 

2 

Lt-5 

B3 

16 

4    Dk-12 

29 

11 

4 

7 

54 

6 

4 

15 

3 

6 

B4 

20 

5      Lt-12 

30 

12 

5 

16 

55 

11 

5 

Dk-15 

5 

Lt-11 

B5 

21 

6       13-18 

31 

13 

6 

Dk-16 

56 

14 

6 

12 

6 

5 

CI 

6 

7            18 

32 

14 

7 

2 

57 

12 

7 

Dk-12 

8 

Dk-15 

C2 

2 

8       18-23 

33 

18 

8 

6 

58 

13 

8 

Dk-12 

10 

9 

C3 

Dk-3 

9              8 

34 

4 

9 

12 

59 

18 

9 

Dk-12 

11 

11-13 

C5 

12 

10              7 

35 

5 

10 

15 

60 

4 

10 

18 

12 

9 

Dl  ll-Lt-13 

11              9 

36 

8 

11 

13 

61 

5 

11 

Dk-6 

16 

8 

d:! 

14 

12            10 

37 

7 

12 

22 

62 

8 

12 

7 

18 

Lt-9 

D5 

25 

13    Dk-16 

38 

9 

13 

9 

63 

7 

13 

16 

19 

Dk-16 

El 

13 

14            21 

39 

10 

14 

Dk-9 

64 

9 

14 

21 

20 

22-25 

E3 

14 

15            20 

40 

15 

15 

15 

65 

10 

15 

24 

30 

7 

E5 

23 

16       16-21 

41 

16 

16 

13 

66 

Dk-9 

16 

Dk-5 

32 

13 

Fl 

9 

17            22 

42 

20 

17 

14 

67 

15 

17 

8 

38 

Lt-22 

F3 

16 

18            24 

43 

21 

18 

24 

68 

16 

18 

7 

40 

23 

F5 

21 

19     Dk-15 

44 

Lt-17 

19 

Lt-17 

69 

20 

19 

2-9 

42 

24 

G 

Dk-23 

20            25 

45 

Dk-17 

20 

Dk-17 

70 

21 

20 

15 

48 

Dk-11 

H2 

11 

21            24 

46 

19 

21 

Dk-20 

71 

Lt-17 

21 

9 

49 

15 

H4 

14 

22      Lt-17 

47 

22 

22 

23 

72 

Dk-17 

22 

17 

60 

Lt-17 

NBl 

4 

23    Dk-17 

48 

23 

23 

24 

73 

19 

23 

20 

61 

Dk-17 

NB2 

5 

24            19 

49 

24 

24 

25 

74 

24 

24 

Lt-20 

69 

Lt-13 

NB3 

7 

25            24 

50 

25 

75 

25 

25 

21 

85 
89 

23 
18-23 

XBl 
XB3 
XB5 

Lt-6 

9 

20 

The  shades  given  here  for  guides  other  than  Twentieth  Century  are  appro.xiniate,  since  unavoid- 
able variations  in  sample  shades  of  any  manufacturer  make  exact  matching  difficult. 


31 


The  Twentieth  Century 
Shade  Guide 


No.  28 


Twenty-five  teeth  of  one  mould  exhibiting  the  25  shades 
in  which  all  the  products  of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Co.  are 
made. 

Bach  tooth  may  be  drawn  out  of  the  Guide,  for  selecting 
or  matching  shades.  It  may  be  turned  in  any  desired  direc- 
tion. 

The  price  of  The  Twentieth  Century  Shade  Guide  is 
$1.00.     It  may  be  had  from  leading  dealers  everywhere. 

For  an  analysis  of  the  shades,  see  Chapter  II  of  this  book. 

32 


CHAPTER  III. 

Anatomical   Moulds  in  Bicuspids  and  Molars. 

Up  to  March  of  1909  anatomical  moulds  in  molars  and  bicus- 
pids were  not  obtainable.  In  that  month  we  introduced  the  first 
bicuspids  ever  commercially  made  which  conformed  to  the  re- 
quirements of  articulation. 

What  Anatomical  Moulds  Are. 

They  are  teeth  shaped  by  the  manufacturer  so  that  the  uppers 
and  lowers  articulate  properly  during  lateral  movements  of  the 
jaw.  There  is  a  difference  between  occlusion  and  articulation. 
Occlusion  is  the  mere  shutting  of  the  teeth  together  with  a 
straight  up  and  down  movement.  Almost  any  forms  of  teeth 
can  be  made  to  occlude  satisfactorily.  Articulation  consists  in 
proper  contact  during  the  lateral  masticating  movements  of  the 
jaw. 

Teeth  cannot  be  readily  articulated  by  the  dentist  unless  the 
manufacturer  understands  the  requirements  of  articulation  and 
shapes  the  teeth  to  conform  to  them.  These  requirements  may  be 
briefly  outlined  as  follows : 

The   teeth   must  be   of   the   proper   relative   proportions 
throughout  the  upper  and  lower  sets. 


(From  The  Dental  Cosmos) 
No.    29 

When  the  upper  and  lower  buccal  cusps  are  interdigitated,  as  seen  below 
the  letter  R,  there  should  be  a  considerable  rectangular  space  as  here  shown. 
Since  only  the  food  held  in  this  space  can  be  crushed,  teeth  which  do  not 
form  such  a  space  have  little  masticating  power. 

33 


Their  occlusal  surfaces  must  be  so  shaped  as  to  main- 
tain proper  articulation  of  the  cusps  of  one  set  with  the 
grooves  of  the  opposing  set  during  lateral  movements. 

They  must  be  so  shaped  that  when  the  jaw  is  in  lateral 
articulation,  there  shall  exist  between  the  occlusal  surfaces  of 
the  uppers  and  lowers  a  satisfactory  space  for  holding  food. 
If  this  space,  commonly  referred  to  as  "the  rectangular 
groove"  is  not  present,  no  food  can  be  held  between  the  teeth 
and  of  course  none  can  be  crushed.  Certain  manufacturers 
who  have  produced  improved  forms  of  teeth  since  the  ana- 
tomical moulds  were  a  proven  success,  have  overlooked  this 
fact,  and  have  produced  forms  which  are  not  well  suited  to 
hold  food  for  crushing. 

The  cusps  of  opposing  sets  must  be  of  the  heights  neces- 
sary to  maintain  grinding  relations  on  one  side  of  the  mouth 
and  "balancing  relations"  on  the  other  side,  at  the  same  time, 
during  lateral  movements. 


INTEROIGITATE  WITH 
LOWER  UNGUAL  CUSPS 


THIS  MEDIAN  GROOVE  FORMS  A 
RECTANGULAR  SPACE  IN 
LATERAL  OCCLUSION. 

THE  SHARP  SULCI   CATCH  AND 
HOLD  FOOD  WITHOUT    INCREASING 
THE  DEPTH  OF  ARTICULATION 


No.   30 

Detailed  formation  of  occlusal  surfaces  of  one  of  the  Anatomical  Moulds  of 
The  Dentists'  Supply  Co.  Every  part  of  each  surface  is  carved  to  exact 
articulation  with  those  parts  of  the  opposing  teeth  which  antagonize  it  in 
occlusion  and  articulation. 


The  cusps  must  have  great  grinding  power.  Because  the 
cusps  on  the  natural  teeth  of  old  people  are  worn  flat,  some 
manufacturers  of  teeth  have  thought  that  the  cusps  on  arti- 
ficial teeth  should  be  very  flat  also.  There  is  no  relation  be- 
tween the  two.  The  natural  teeth  are  fixed  in  the  jaw  and 
may  sometimes  exert  a  pressure  of  200  lbs.  The  artificial 
teeth  are  mounted  on  loose  bases  and  exert  much  less  power. 
The  artificial  teeth  should  therefore  have  cusps  sharp  enough 
to  grind  the  food  with  the  exercise  of  small  power.  The 
occlusal  surfaces  of  the  anatomical  moulds  are  just  rounding 
enough  to  permit  of  easy  articulation  by  the  dentist  and  com- 
fortable use  by  the  patient,  while  exhibiting  good  grinding 
power. 

34 


No.  31 


Sllg;htly  enlarged  view  of  occlusal  surfaces  of  (jne  of  the  Anatomical  Moulds 
of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Co.,  showing  detailed  formation.  When  these 
teeth  are  placed  in  the  ])osition  outlined  in  illustration  No.  29,  they  form  a 
large  rectangular  groove  into  which  they  lock  the  food.    Here  it  is  crushed. 


It  is  evident  that  teeth  which  are  to  conform  to  these  require- 
ments must  be  carved  to  correct  articulation,  one  set  with  the  other, 
by  the  manufacturer.  Improperly  formed  teeth  cannot  be  ground 
to  meet  such  requirements  save  in  the  crudest  manner.  It  would 
demand  such  knowledge  of  forms,  such  skillful  and  patient  technic 
and  such  expenditure  of  time  as  would  make  it  impracticable, 
even  at  the  hands  of  the  most  enthusiastic  worker. 


Teeth  Carved  to  Meet  These   Requirements. 

The  anatomical  moulds  of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company 
were  carved  with  a  knowledge  of  these  requirements.  The  several 
teeth  in  the  different  sets  are  well  proportioned.  The  occksal 
surfaces  are  so  sloped  that  the  teeth  may  be  set  in  the  proper 
vertical  relations  to  the  ridge  and  have  the  occlusal  surfaces  in 
the   proper  planes. 

The  uppers  and  lowers  of  each  mould  are  carved  to  care- 
ful articulation  one  with  the  other,  and  may  be  articulated  with 
very  little  grinding.  Indeed,  grinding  with  the  stone  is  often  un- 
necessary, and  only  the  little  high  points  caused  by  the  flowing  of 
the  porcelain  need  to  be  reduced  by  the  use  of  carborundum 
powder  and  oil. 

So  carefully  have  the  relations  of  the  opposing  occlusal  sur- 
faces been  effected  that  these  teeth  are  more  efficient  in  mastication 
than  other  porcelain  teeth.  They  have  distinct  added  value  for  the 
patient. 

35 


The  Question  of  Setting  the  Teeth. 

While  the  anatomical  moulds  offer  the  dentist  the  possibility 
of  setting  for  articulation  as  now  understood,  they  may  be  set 
for  occlusion  only,  and  the  patient  benefitted  thereby.  Many  den- 
tists do  not  wish  to  set  teeth  for  the  lateral  movements,  but  the 
jaw  is  almost  sure  to  make  lateral  movements.  It  follows  logi- 
cally that  the  better  the  teeth  are  suited  to  the  lateral  move- 
ments, the  more  efficient  and  pleasing  the  results  will  be  to  the 
patient.  If  the  anatomical  moulds  are  set  in  this  way,  the  re- 
sults will  be  much  better  than  if  what  we  call  "the  old 
moulds"  of  teeth  are  used. 

For  the  dentist  who  wishes  to  use  anatomical  articulators  and 
set  the  teeth  for  anatomical  articulation,  these  moulds  are  partic- 
ularly well  suited.  They  lend  themselves  to  his  every  effort  for 
masticating  and  balancing  articulation.  They  require  little  or  no 
grinding.  And  they  afford  the  patient  a  pleasure  and  efficiency 
which  has  heretofore  been  unknown. 


Sizes  in  Anatomical  Moulds. 

The  anatomical  moulds  of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company  are 
made  in  five  mesio-distal  widths  and  two  vertical  lengths,  as  fol- 
lows : 

Mould  98,  small     upper  bicuspids  and  molars,  one  side  27.5  m.m.  >vide 


97,      " 
55,      " 

99,  medium    "  ' 

100,  large 
A50,  same  as  mould  99 


"  29.5 

"  30. 

"  31. 

"  32.5 


with  longer  bicuspids. 


93,  same  as  mould  100,  with  longer  bicuspids. 


Regularly  Carded  with  Certain  Anteriors. 

The  demand  for  the  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars  almost 
Instantly  became  so  great  as  to  largely  replace  what  we  call  "the 
old  moulds."  We  therefore  selected  from  our  long  line  of  moulds, 
42  of  the  most  popular  upper  vulcanite  moulds,   and  the  lower 

36 


moulds  which  best  articulate  with  them,  and  regularly  "card"  or 
furnish  these  42  moulds  with  the  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 
The  numbers  of  these  moulds  are  as  follows: 

Upper  mould  J_     *       5       6       7       8       9       10      11      12      13      15      16 

Articulating  lower         39      67      39      39      67      51     A5     51      67     A5     67      14      67 

Upper  mould  17      18      19    ^    21      22     23     35     36     42     44     45     47 

Articulating  lower  14      14      67      39      67      67       3       39      67      14      27    103     A 5 

Upper  mould  48^    50^   _51^    52     65     67^    6S^    70     7S 

Articulating  lower        A5     16      67      52      51      67      14      67      78 

Upper  mould  ^7^    88     89     90^    93     103    104 

Articulating  Lower        87      10      67      67      93       3      103 


The  42  Upper  Anterior  Moulds  and  13  Lowers. 

Careful  observers  in  the  profession  and  the  dental  trade  have 
long  been  of  the  opinion  that  it  is  unnecessary  for  manufacturers 
to  bewilder  dentists  by  the  seemingly  endless  list  of  moulds  from 
which  selection  may  be  made.  We  manufacture  Ihundreds  of 
moulds  of  vulcanite  teeth,  as  can  be  seen  by  a  study  of  the  pages 
of  this  book.   Other  manufacturers  do  likewise. 

It  is,  however,  the  experience  of  practically  every  tooth  manu- 
facturer and  dental  depot  that  the  greater  proportion  of  teeth  are 
selected  by  dentists  from  certain  moulds,  relatively  few  in  number. 
One  manufacturer  states  that  80%  of  his  business  is  in  five  moulds. 
While  such  is  not  the  case  with  us,  the  greater  proportion  of  the 
business  is  confined  to  relatively  few  moulds.  That  is,  these  moulds 
are  ordered  again  by  the  depots  for  their  customers.  They  are,  in 
fact,  selected  by  the  dentists  themselves  from  among  the  many 
moulds,  and  are  endorsed  with  continual  favor  as  the  best  moulds. 

The  ideal  method  of  offering  dentists  teeth  is  to  offer  them, 
first  of  all,  this  line  of  selected  moulds,  with  the  assurance  that  they 
have  long  been  found  equal  to  practically  all  the  demands  of  ordin- 
ary practice;  and  then  to  offer,  as  secondary,  a  longer  line  from 
which  choice  may  be  made  if  the  first  line  is  not  sufficient. 

We  have  done  this.  The  dentists  and  depots  have  selected 
from  our  hundreds  of  moulds  42  upper  vulcanite  moulds  and  enough 
lower  vulcanite  moulds  to  articulate  with  them.  We  card  these 
moulds  regularly  with  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars,  so  that  it  is 
not  necessary,  when  ordering  them,  to  specify  anatomical  moulds. 
The  dimensions  of  these  upper  moulds  form  Table  No.   i. 

37 


Advantages  to  You. 

You  are  assured,  first  of  all,  that  these  moulds  have  been  found 
best  by  hundreds  of  dentists,  through  a  number  of  years.  You 
know  at  once  that  selections  from  these  moulds  represent  the  best 
selections  possible.  You  are  spared  search  through  many  moulds 
with  less  desirable  characteristics. 

You  have  other  advantages.  We  have  long  been  persuading 
depots  to  confine  the  bulk  of  their  tooth  stocks  to  these  moulds 
and  carry  all  the  shades.  Many  depots  are  complying.  Any  de- 
pot will  comply  when  assured  that  its  customers  desire  it.  If  you 
make  your  selections  from  these  42  moulds,  your  dealer  will  all 
the  more  willingly  keep  them  in  stock  in  all  shades.  You  are, 
therefore,  more  likely  to  find  just  what  you  want  at  hand  when 
wanted,  than  if  the  depot  stock  is  divided  among  hundreds  of 
moulds,  some  of  which  move  but  slowly.  It  will,  therefore,  be  to 
your  own  advantage  to  make  selections  from  these  moulds,  so  far  as 
possible. 

Our  other  vulcanite  moulds  may  be  had  with  anatomical  bicus- 
pids and  molars,  on  special  order,  and  with  some  little  delay.  But 
they  are  not  regularly  carded  with  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 


CHAP'j  j:k  IV. 


ASSORTMKN  1  S  IN  VULCANIll':  Tiu/rii. 

These  assortments  are  specially  selected  office  stocks.  They  are 
offered  in  the  following  quantities: 

No.      6io,  equivalent  to ii    x    14 

"        710,  "  " 28   X    14 

"      loio,  "  " 58   X    14 

"      1210,  "  " 116  X    14 

They  differ  from  these  quantities  of  teeth  as  ordinarily  selected 
In  that  the  teeth  are  arranged  in  partial  sets,  that  is  in  sets  of  6 
teeth  for  the  upper  and  lower  anteriors  and  of  8  teeth  for  the 
upper  and  lower  posteriors. 

These  assortments  offer  to  the  dentist  advantages  of  great  im- 
portance. 

Advantages. 
A  much  wider  range  of  moulds  and  shades  in  anteriors  is  se- 
cured, than  when  full  sets  are  purchased.  If,  for  instance.  Assort- 
ment lOio  were  purchased  in  full  sets  of  14  teeth  each,  there 
would  not  be  more  than  40  uppers  and  18  lowers.  Assortment 
lOio  contains  61  sets  of  upper  anteriors  and  21  sets  of  lower  an- 


teriors.  It  is  for  the  anterior  teeth  only  that  a  wide  range  of 
moulds  is  necessary.  The  assortments  make  it  possible  to  properly 
fit  many  more  cases  than  would  the  same  quantity  of  teeth  in  full 
sets.  The  Assortments  contain  anteriors  as  follows : 
No.  6io  (equivalent  to  11x14)  10x6  uppers,  5  x  6  lowers. 
710    (  "         "      28x  14)      30x6        "        10x6       " 

"      loio    (  "         "     58  X  14)      61x6        "        21  X  6      " 

"      1210    (  "         "    ii6x  14)    122x6        "       42x6      " 

The  moulds  and  shades  comprising  these  assortments  have  been 
selected  by  the  profession  at  large.  They  are  those  moulds  and 
shades  which  have  been  most  frequently  re-ordered  by  dentists  and 
have  been  thus  practically  stamped  with  approval. 

'  The  proportions  of  upper  and  lower  anteriors  and  of  anteriors 
to  posteriors  have  been  determined  in  the  same  manner.  These 
Assortments  have  found  welcome  places  in  thousands  of  offices 
and  the  relative  numbers  of  teeth  have  met  with  general  com- 
mendation. 


Bicuspids  and  Molars,  slightly  enlarged 


The  Bicuspids  and  Molars 

are  in  the  anatomical  moulds  ,of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Co.  In 
Assortment  610,  only  two  of  these  moulds  can  be  included  because 
of  the  small  number  of  teeth  in  the  Assortment.  In  Assortment 
No.  710,  three  of  these  moulds  are  included.  In  Assortment 
1 010,  4  are  included.  In  Assortment  12 10,  the  larger  number  of 
teeth  permits  including  all  five  moulds. 

Directions  for  the  combinations  of  ajnteriors  with  the  different 
moulds  of  posteriors  are  given  in  The  Articulation  Chart  which 
accompanies  each  Assortment.  But  the  dentist  is  further  benefited 
by  being  able  to  make  such  combinations  of  anteriors  and  posteriors 
as  any  unusual  conditions  in  the  case  may  require. 

40 


Assortment  610 


MOULD                              SHADE     MOULD                                                 Sn 

67iiiiiiio ,,  SSSR 

ADE      MOULO 

^^^^ 

SHADE 

iHi7 

AHie 

^    7 

9''^ 

f^S]     '     '     1     '     r      1Kfl|9a^    T    T      Y       f      I 

16^^ 
799^ 

797«| 
20  9S9 

14 
13 

A4AAA 

pfyyi 
•ffff 

CMI20 

Ml  14 
MI16 

#•4 

•#20 

Assortment  610 

One  hundred  and  fifty-four  teeth,  the  equivalent  of  11x14.  Exhibits  1x6  in  each  of  the  ten  most  popular 
medium  moulds  of  upper  anteriors  and  1x6  in  each  of  the  lower  anteriors  necessary  to  articulate  with  those 
uppers.  Exhibits  also  2x8  upper  mould  97;  2  x  8  lower  97;  2  x  8  upper  mould  99:  2x8  lower  99.  The  shades  in  the 
anteriors  range  from  medium  to  dark  and  are  those  most  favored.  The  shades  of  the  bicuspids  and  molars  permit 
natural  shadings  of  sets,  as  per  chart  accompanying  each  selection. 

This  arrangement  is  believed  to  be  the  best  possible  in  this  quantity. 

(An  articulation  chart  like  this  accompanies  each  assortment.) 

ARTICULATION  CHART  FOR  ASSORTMENT  610 

HOW  TO  ARTICULATE  ANTERIORS 

Upper  moulds  4-19-22-36-90  and  67  with  lower  67 
"  "         5  and  35  with  low^er  39 

"  "         9  w^ith  low^er  A5 

SUGGESTED  COMBINATIONS  OF  ANTERIORS  AND  POSTERIORS 

Upper  Anteriors  4-22-36-67  with  posteriors  of  mould  97 
5-9-19-35-51  "  "  "  99 

The  lower  bicuspids  and  molars  should  be  of  the  same  mould  number  as  the  uppers 

HOW  TO  SHADE  IN  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS 

Anteriors  of  shades  8  and  10  with  posteriors  of  shade  7 

"  "  7  and  9         "  "  "  16  or  20 

11-13-14         "  "  "  14 

16  and  20     "  "  "  20 

41 


Upper  and  lower  bicuspids  and  molars  of  the  same  mould  num- 
ber should  always  be  chosen  for  any  given  case.  Upper  bicuspids 
and  molars  No.  99,  for  instance,  articulate  with  lower  bicuspids 
and  molars  No.  99,  but  not  at  all  with  lower  bicuspids  and  molars 
Nos.  97-98  or  100. 

Directions  for  Articulating  the  Teeth 

are  furnished  with  each  Assortment  in  the  form  of  an  Articula- 
tion Chart.  This  chart  explains  how  to  select  upper  and  lower 
anteriors  to  articulate  together,  how  to  combine  anteriors  and  pos- 
teriors and  how  to  secure  more  pleasing  color  effects  than  would 
otherwise  be  possible.  The  Articulation  Chart  for  Assortment 
1 2 10  is  here  given  to  illustrate  the  practical  value  of  this  informa- 
tion. 


ARTICULATION  CHART  FOR  ASSORTMENT 

1210. 

HOW  TO  ARTICULATE  ANTERIORS 


Upper  Moulds 

15-18-42-52-68                                                              With  Lower 

14 

"            " 

44 

27 

"            " 

4-7-11-13-16-19-21-22-36-51-67-70-89-90 

67 

"            " 

2-5-6-20-35 

39 

"            " 

8-10-65 

51 

"            " 

9-12-47 

A5 

"            " 

23-103 

3 

" 

45-104 

103 

"            " 

50 

A50 

"            " 

78 

78 

"            " 

87 

87 

"            " 

88 

10 

"            " 

48 

19 

"            " 

93 

93 

SUGGESTED 

COMBINATIONS    OF    ANTERIORS    AND    POSTERIORS 

Upper  Anteriors  15-18-42-44-52-68-70                          With  Posterior  Mould 

98 

"              " 

13-16-21-36-89 

55 

"              " 

4-11-22-67 

97 

"              " 

2-5-6-7-8-9-12-19-20-23-35-47-48 

51-65-88-90-103 

99 

"              " 

10-45-78-87-104 

100 

11              i( 

50-93 

A50 

HOW  TO  SHADE  IN  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS 

Anteriors  of  Shades  4-5-6-8-9-10                            With  Posteriors  of  Shade 

7 

11-13-14 

14 

17                    (dark) 

17 

7-15-16 

20 

20-21 

21 

24 

t  i 

25 

42 


A  WiDK  Ran(;k  (jf  Shades  in  Anii^kkjks. 

It  is  just  as  much  of  an  advantage  to  have  a  wide  range  of 
shades  at  hand  as  it  is  to  have  a  wide  range  of  moulds.  It  is  evi- 
dent that  the  greater  the  proportion  of  anteriors  in  any  gi\en 
quantity  of  teeth,  the  wider  the  range  of  shades  made  possible.  In 
the  larger  assortments  it  is  possible  to  have  more  than  one  mould 
in  the  most  popular  shades,  so  that  the  stock  may  be  used  for 
more  cases  without  being  depleted. 

When  vulcanite  teeth  are  purchased  in  quantities  of  28  x  14, 
i^S  X  14,  or  116  X  14  and  in  full  sets,  the  number  of  shades  in 
anteriors  is  limited  by  the  relatively  great  proportion  of  posterior 
teeth  present.  But  in  these  Assortments,  fewer  posterior  teeth  are 
present  and  the  number  of  shades  may  be  increased.  Thus  in  As- 
sortment 710,  equivalent  to  28  x  14,  there  are  among  the  upper  ante- 
riors 3  X  6  of  shade  5,  3  x  6  of  shade  6,  4  x  6  of  shade  7,  3  x  6  of 
shade  8,  4  x  6  of  shade  9,  and  3  x  6  of  shade  10,  to  say  nothing  of 
the  darker  shades  13-14-15-16  and  20. 

In  Assortment  10 10,  equivalent  to  58  x  14,  there  is  the  follow- 
ing wide  range  of  moulds  and  shades  in  the  upper  anteriors:  2x6 
shade  4:5x6  shade  6:7x7  shade  7:6x6  shade  8:7x6  shade  9 : 
^  X  6  shade  10:3x6  shade  11:3x6  shade  13:3x6  shade  14 : 
4x6  shade  1 5  :  4  x  6  shade  16:4x6  shade  20:1x6  shade  2  i  : 
1x6  shade  24. 

In  Assortment  12 10  equivalent  to  116  x  14  the  range  of  moulds 
and  shades  is  still  greater. 


:iliilii| 


W^' 


iiiiii 


iiiiii  a^iiiiii  ^^ 


T^''^lSiKllTjTE 


iiiili5^^%ii«iii/^i 


43 


Assortment  710 


The  equivalent  of  28x14  teeth  in  Twentieth  Century  porcelain  moulds  and  shades.  Selected  to 
give  the  greatest  ser\-ice.  the  best  articulation  and  the  most  natural  shading-.  Furnished  in  Twentieth 
Century  Teeth,  Dentsply  Combination  Sets,  Solila  Combination  Sets  and  Dentsply  Vulcanite  Teeth, 
the  mould  numbers  being  the  same  in  all  these  forms. 


97  9||#04a#|i    7     99<»«**f»*8Mi  2  0 


W^W* 


020 


44 


Assortment  1010 


The  equivalent  of  58x14  teeth  in  Twentieth  Century  porcelain  moulds  and  shades.  Selected  to 
give  the  greatest  service,  the  best  articulation  and  the  most  natural  shading.  Furnished  in  Twentieth 
Century  Teeth,  Dentsply  Combination  vSets,  Solila  Combination  Sets  and  Dentsply  Vulcanite  Teeth, 
the  mould  numbers  being  the  same  in  all  these  forms. 


(fj  illustrations,  of  which  tliis  is  No.  2) 

45 


Assortment  1010 


(Continued) 


(5  illustrations,  of  which  this  is  No.  3) 

The  Lower  Anteriors 


MOULD    ■       .  ■                                            SHADE          MOULD 

98  iiiiif  i  7    99  < 

98  fllltftlt   7         99  < 

98  iiH4<»a  20  99  < 

^,  mm,  A  A  A  A,  mm  ...                                    j 

^^M^piw  14 

lill  iilUk  §11  ^  -fc|,  <^  j^i^.  afck' 

PflWvVvTO-  20 

H*»f*ff  2. 

97aaiiiHi»  7    99  ( 

97tttt|||MHl7         50| 
-gUflltUft  14        50  L 

jjmhS^ 

97  aftiiilftW  20      100  #ftllililS  7 

99iaiinti7  ioo#aiiii|gi4 

99##tilMWl7        100^M(HNNM|20 

99®oii#iMi4  iooaiiiiiiS2i 

(5  illustrations,  of  which  this  is  Nn.  i) 

4G 


Assortment  1010 


(Continued) 


(5  illustrations,  of  which  this  is  No.  5) 


Advantagfx)us  Color  Effects  in  Posteriors. 

These  Assortments  make  easily  possible  color  effects  in  dentures 
which  cannot  otherwise  be  gotten  without  much  trouble.  This  Is 
done  by  the  use  of  bicuspids  of  darker  shades  than  the  anteriors. 

If  a  full  denture  is  made  of  teeth  all  of  one  shade,  It  appears 
unnatural  because  the  color  is  either  too  dark  for  the  front  of  the 
mouth  or  too  light  for  the  back  of  the  mouth.  Dentists  have 
sought  to  overcome  this  defect  by  breaking  up  several  full  sets  of 
teeth  to  get  teeth  for  one  denture.  This  is  time  consuming  and  ex- 
pensive. 

In  these  Assortments,  the  bicuspids  are  darker  In  shade  than 
the  anteriors  but  harmonious  with  them.  When  the  anteriors  have 
been  selected,  it  is  only  necessary  to  select  the  posteriors  of  proper 
size  and  of  the  shade  in  the  Articulation  Chart,  as  harmonious  with 
that  shade  of  anteriors.  The  result  will  be  that  the  teeth  in  the 
posterior  part  of  the  mouth  will  be  darker  than  those  in  front,  and 
the  denture  will  be  much  more  natural  in  appearance  than  will 
otherwise  be  the  case, 

47 


Anteriors  of  shades  4-5-6-8-9-10  may  be  used  with  posteriors  of 
shade  7. 

Anteriors  of  shades  1 1-13  with  posteriors  of  shade  14. 

Anteriors  of  shades  7-15-16  with  posteriors  of  shade  20. 

This  possibihty  of  easily  securing  pleasing  color  effects  has  com- 
mended these  Assortments  to  many  dentists.  They  would  not  now 
willingly  be  without  the  means  of  securing  such  effects. 


Economic  Advantages. 

The  dentist  who  has  one  of  these  Assortments  on  hand  reaps 
certain  economic  advantages,  as  follows : 

The  teeth  are  at  hand  for  instant  use.  This  often  effects  an 
economy  in  time  which  is  equal  in  value  to  the  cost  price  of  the 
teeth.  The  depot  may  be  closed,  or  it  may  be  temporarily  out  of 
that  mould  in  that  shade.  At  any  rate,  it  takes  time  to  send,  even 
if  the  depot  be  in  the  same  building.  Sometimes  it  is  advisable  to 
rush  a  case  for  certain  patients.  Then  every  moment  counts. 
Having  the  teeth  at  hand  certainly  saves  time. 

The  dentist  makes  his  own  selection.  That  dentist  who  desires 
to  keep  his  reputation  at  the  front,  will  recognize  that  no  one  but 
himself  should  select  teeth  for  his  patients.  No  one  else  can  select 
so  well  as  he. 

If  the  teeth  are  at  hand,  it  is  easy  to  quickly  shape  up  a  base 
plate,  or  to  shape  an  impression  into  the  form  of  a  temporary 
base-plate  and  mount  on  it  the  teeth  he  has  selected  and  try  them  in 
the  mouth.  Size,  outline,  color  and  shade  may  then  be  finally  settled 
on  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  concerned.  If  the  first  set  is  found  unde- 
sirable, the  second  may  be  quickly  substituted.  Thus  one  sitting 
rnay  be  made  to  do  what  has  often  spoiled  two  sittings. 

Fewer  teeth  are  lost.  If  teeth  are  bought  in  full  sets  of  14, 
the  necessities  of  practice  require  breaking  many  sets,  sometimes 
for  the  use  of  only  3  or  4  teeth.  There  gradually  accumulates  a 
stock  of  odd  teeth  whose  working  value  is  less  than  they  cost,  es- 
pecially when  it  is  remembered  that  miscellaneous  teeth  may  be 
bought  at  less  cost  than  full  sets,  if  many  are  to  be  used, 

48 


These  Assortments  are  arranged  in  partial  sets,  so  that  it  is 
not  necessary  to  break  a  full  14,  but  either  a  set  of  6  or  a  set  of  8 
can  be  broken.  The  proportions  of  anteriors  and  posteriors  have 
been  so  carefully  worked  out,  that  practically  no  dead  stock 
accumulates.    This  saving  will  be  appreciated  by  the  careful  dentist. 

Filling  in  the  used  teeth.  In  order  to  keep  the  stock  up  to  its 
full  working  value,  teeth  should  be  ordered  to  replace  those  used, 
before  the  Assortment  is  depleted.  Arrangements  can  easily  be 
made  with  the  depot  to  do  this  at  the  same  price  as  teeth  in  full 
sets.  The  mould  and  shade  numbers  can  be  determined  from  the 
wax. 

The  economic  advantages  from  Assortments  loio  and  12 10  are 
greater  than  those  from  Assortments  710  and  610  because  the 
range  of  moulds  and  shades  is  greater  and  the  stock  of  any  given 
mould  in  a  given  shade  is  larger  and  not  so  quickly  exhausted. 

Anatomical  Moulds  in  the  Assortments. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  in  the  vulcanite  tooth  assortments  of 
The  Dentists'  Supply  Company  are  anatomical  in  form.  In  the 
larger  assortments,  Nos.  lOio  and  1210,  moulds  97-98-55-99-100 
are  present  in  sufficient  quantities  to  form  a  most  valuable  office 
stock. 

Anatomical  Moulds  in  Several  Forms  of  Teeth. 

The  anatomical  moulds  are  offered  in 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Teeth,  plain  vulcanite, 
Dentsply  Combination  Sets,  plain  vulcanite, 
Sollla  Combination  Sets,  pinless  posteriors, 
Twentieth  Century  Teeth,  all  pin,  plain  vulcani'te. 
Twentieth  Century  Combination  Sets,  plain  vulcanite. 


49 


CHAPTER  V. 


The  Twentieth  Century  Principle  in  Tooth  Making. 

The  Twentieth  Century  principle  is  that  it  is  more  scientific  and 
efficient  to  solder  in  tooth  pins  than  to  bake  them  in.  It  is  based 
on  the  fact  that  baking  platinum  pins  into  porcelain  teeth  cracks 
the  porcelain,  often  to  such  an  extent  as  to  weaken  the  tooth.  Also 
on  the  fact  that  the  baking  of  the  porcelain  to  the  pins  unfits  the 
tooth  to  oppose  all  its  strength  to  the  stress  of  mastication.  The 
Twentieth  Century  principle  bakes  the  platinum  into  the  tooth  in 
such  form  that  It  cannot  fracture  the  porcelain,  and  solders  the 
pins  to  the  platinum  after  the  porcelain  is  baked.  It  attaches  the 
pins  to  the  tooth  in  such  way  that  the  tooth  may  oppose  its  great- 
est strength  to  the  stress  of  mastication.  Both  of  these  practices 
were  perfected  and  applied  by  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company  and 
are  exhibited  only  In  Twentieth  Century  Teeth  and  Sollla  Teeth. 

How  Platinum  Came  to  Be  Used  for  Tooth  Pins. 

Three  Important  reasons  controlled  the  selection  of  platinum 

for  tooth  pins : 

I.  It  was  the  only 
metal  which  would 
endure  the  rather 
crude  methods  of 
tooth  manufacture  in 
vogue  when  it  was 
selected. 

2.  Most  of  the 
porcelain  teeth  of  that 
day,  were  soldered  to 
metal  plates.  Plati- 
num pins  were  neces- 

Section    of    platinum    pin    vulcanite    tooth    made    in    the     days  cq  rv    fnr    flip    QnlrlprinCT 

when   platinum   pins   were   large.     The  porcelain   is   broken   along  ^'^^Z     ^^^     ^-"^    auiuciiiig 

the   entire    length   of   the   pin   embedded   in   porcelain.  nrnppcc 

No.   3S  piULCbS. 

3.  Platinum  was  cheap,  and  the  pins  could  be  large  without 
increasing  the  cost  of  the  teeth.  It  is  now  dear  and  the  pins  are 
smaller  and  weaker. 


50 


The  Chemistry  of  the  Mouth  Played  no  Part. 

Among  those  dentists  who  still  prefer  platinum  pin  teeth,  the 
statement  is  common,  "No  metal  other  than  platinum  will  withstand 
the  oral  fluids."  And  they  think  that  platinum  was  selected  for 
tooth  pins  because  of  its  resistance  to  the  fluids.  Such  is  not  the 
case.  The  chemistry  of  the  oral  secretions  was  not  nearly  so  well 
known  then  as  it  is  to-day.  There  is  no  reason  to  suppose  that 
any  consideration  of  the  oral  fluids  played  the  slightest  part  in  the 
selection  of  platinum  for  tooth  pins.  This  is  all  the  more  likely 
because  the  men  who  selected  platinum  were  the  manufacturers,  and 
platinum  was  selected  for  manufacturing  reasons.  They  would 
doubtless  have  been  willing  to  select  any  other  material  which 
would  have  withstood  equally  well  their  manufacturing  processes. 


Platinum  Advances  in  Price. 

With  the  passing  of  the  years  and  the  demand  for  platinum 
increased  and  the  supply  decreased,  the  price  advanced,  somewhat 
as  shown  in  illustration  No.  33  until  in  19 12,  the  price  reached 
$46  per  ounce,  or  approximately  12  times  what  it  had  been  when 
its  use  in  tooth  pins  began.     Platinum  pins  became  very  expensive. 

Farsighted  men,  anticipating  the  advances  in  the  price  of  plati- 
num, began  some  years  ago,  a  search  for  a  substitute  which  could 
be  used  as  tooth  pins.  No  one  found  the  substitute  metal,  but  a 
plan  was  devised  for  the  use  of  platinum  in  different  form  and 
smaller  quantities  during  the  process  of  baking  the  teeth,  and  the 
attachment  of  pins  of  other  metals  after  the  baking  was  complete. 
This  avoided  the  exposure  of  the  pins  to  the  great  heat  required  to 
bake  the  teeth. 

The  Dentists'  Supply  Company,  after  a  long  period  of  experi- 
mentation, successfully  applied  the  method  to  the  commercial  manu- 
facture of  teeth. 

The  method,  thus  perfected,  consisted  in  shaping  platinum  into 
the  form  of  a  split  ring,  with  a  flange  at  one  end,  and  baking  two 
of  these  rings,  commonly  called  "anchorages"  into  the  tooth  in 
such  positions  that  after  the  baking  of  the  porcelain  was  completed, 
pins  could  be  inserted  into  the  openings  in  the  centre  of  the  rings 
or  anchorages,  and  soldered  there  at  a  lower  heat  than  the  baking 
of  the  porcelain  required. 

51  '    , 


1900 

1901     1902 

?05       1904         1505        1906       1907         1906         1309       1910         1 

?11        1912       1 

915 

•^50 

=  = 

1 

45 

48 

47 

46 

45 

/ 

°"\ 

44 

f 

43 

/ 

42 

/ 

41 

* 

40 

t 

■59 

, 

38 

1 

57 

1 

1 

1 

?6 

{ 

75 

1 

?4 

1 

77 

^ 

1 — 

72 

— {- 

1 

51 

1 

1 
1 

70 

29 

1 

23 

1 

/'•/ 

27 

1 

\     « 

26 

,' 

'    "1 

Z5 

«t 

!< 

v'j 

24 

r* 

27 

1 

22 

21 

y 

20 

19 

»»*'     ■ 

.._ 

y 

18  , 

'.' 

17 

16  . 

15  . 

- 

1              1 

: 

No.   33 


52 


Scclion  of  an  "old  Uiikj"  platinum  pin  vulcanite  tooth. 
Porcelain  shattered  on  both  sides  of  pin  from  inside  head 
to  surface  of  tooth. 

No.   34 


Till':   InvI'LNIoks  Biii^dij)  I5i:'1'ii:k  Tiiax  Tiikv  Knkvv 

I'he  great  thought 
of  the  inventors  was 
that  they  could  offer 
to  the  profession 
teeth  with  large, 
strong  pins,  which 
could  be  sold  at  low- 
er prices  than  plati- 
num teeth  were  even 
then  commanding. 
But,  as  often  hap- 
pens they  solved  at 
the  same  time,  other 
problems  quite  as 
important  as  that 
which  formed  the 
object  of  their 

search.  For  they 
solved  the  problem 
of  baking  perfect 
porcelain    teeth 

and       also        the 

problem  of  enabling 
the  tooth  to  oppose 

Section  of  Twentieth  Century  Tooth  showing  anchorage  with      Jfg      entire      Strenffth 

porcelain   perfectly  fused   about  it.     Pin  soldered  to   anchorage.  * 

Depression  at  inner  end  of  anchoraee  is  where  solder  lay  before  it      j         cirPCC 
drew  up  about  pin.     Magnified  1  0  diameters.  10     slFebS. 

No.   .35 

What  Microscopic  Inspection  of  Teeth  Reveals. 


If  teeth  be  ground  by  hand  on  suitable  stones,  polished  on 
Arkansas  stones  stained  in  fuchsin,  and  examined  under  a 
microscope,  a  number  of  important  facts  can  be  determined. 

The  first  great  fact  is  that  it  is  impossible  to  bake  solid  platinum 
pins    into    high    fusing   porcelain    without   rendering   many   of   the 


teeth  imperfect.  It  is  the  experience  of  every  manufacturer  of 
platinum  pin  teeth,  that  a  considerable  proportion  of  the  teeth 
are  visibly  imperfect.  And  it  is.  now  known  that  many  which  are 
apparently  free  from  defects  when  seen  by  the  naked  eye,  are  im- 
perfect when  seen  through  the  microscope. 

The  internal  defects,  as  revealed  by  the  microscope,  vary  from 
a  small  crack  about  the  internal  head  of  the  pin  to  a  series  of 
cracks  extending  in  all  directions,  and  seriously  weakening  the 
tooth.  Micro-photographs  of  these  different  forms  of  cracks  in  the 
porcelain  will  be  found  in  illustrations  Nos.  32  and  34.  The  easy 
failure  of  many  platinum  pin  teeth  in  service  is  doubtless  accounted 
for  by  the  fact  that  in  those  teeth  the  cracks  were  extensive  and 
greatly  reduced  the  resisting  power  of  the  tooth. 

The  Cracks  in  Teeth  Made  Years  Ago. 

It  is  not  uncommon  to  hear  dentists  say,  "But  the  teeth  I  bought 
years  ago  did  not  have  such  cracks.  They  gave  good  service." 
This  is  merely  another  illustration  of  the  fact  that  memory  retains 
some  experiences  while  rejecting  others.  In  the  teeth  of  years  ago, 
the  pins  were  large  and  the  cracks  were  numerous.     For  it  seems 

to  be  the  rule  that  the  cracks  in  the  tooth  are  almost  exactly  in 
proportion  to  the  size  of  the  mass  of  platinum  baked  in.    In  other 

words,  the  baking  in  of  large  masses  of  platinum  causes  many 
cracks;  the  baking  in  of  smaller  masses  causes  fewer  cracks.  Illus- 
trations Nos.  32  and  34  are  made  from  platinum  pin  teeth  of  years 
ago.  And  while  the  manufacturer  and  dentists  knew  nothing  of 
the  existence  of  such  cracks,  they  were  present  as  here  shown,  and 
they  reduced  the  strength  of  the  teeth  in  direct  proportion  to 
their  number  and  size. 

How  THE  Anchorages  Avoid  Cracking  the  Porcelain. 

They  are  split  rings  and  have  neither  the  expanding  nor  con- 
tracting power  of  the  solid  platinum  pins.  They  cannot  push  the 
porcelain  away  as  they  expand.  They  cannot  resist  its  contraction 
during  baking,  and  they  cannot  pull  it  out  of  position  as  it  cools, 
all  of  which  the  solid  platinum  pins  do.  The  anchorage  is  split  on 
one  side  to  destroy  Its  expanding  and  contracting  power.  The  ex- 
panding and  contracting  power  of  the  porcelain  Is  then  superior 
to  that  of  the   anchorage,   and  governs   its  movements.     As  the 

54 


porcelain  contracts  in  vitrifying,  it  forces  the  anchorage  to  contract. 
And  in  most  Twentieth  Century  teeth  examined  under  a  microscope, 
the  anchorage  which  was  slightly  opened  before  baking,  is  found 
wholly  closed  as  the  result  of  its  forcing  together  by  the  contracting 
porcelain. 

The  result  of  the  controlling  action  of  the  porcelain  is  that  the 
porcelain  is  not  cracked  during  cooling  and  bakes  perfectly  about 
the  anchorage.  Twentieth  Century  Teeth  are  thus  perfect  inter- 
nally,  the  very  location  where  platinum  pin  teeth  are  so  often 
imperfect. 

The  Merits  of  Platinum  Pins  and  Composition  Pins. 

But  the  whole  question  is  by  no  means  solved  with  the  baking 
in  of  the  anchorages.  There  comes  then  the  question  of  what 
pins  are  best.  And  here  the  Twentieth  Century  principle  de- 
parted successfully  from  the  use  of  platinum  as  pins. 

With  the  advances  In  the  price  of  platinum,  the  prices  of  teeth  In 
which  It  was  used  as  pins  have  advanced  and  the  pins  have 
grown  very  much  smaller.  Pure  platinum  Is  too  soft 
for  tooth  pins.  It  must  be  alloyed  with  Iridium.  It  is  very  diffi- 
cult to  alloy  the  platinum  evenly  and  sometimes  a  brittleness  of  the 
pin  wire  results  which  causes  the  pins  to  fail  under  very  slight 
strains.  Even  when  alloyed  with  that  proportion  of  iridium  which 
gives  best  results,  the  pins  are  soft.  They  stretch  and  bend,  and 
the  heads  are  easily  marred. 

The  pins  In  Twentieth  Century  teeth  are  not  subjected  to  the 
heat  of  baking  the  porcelain,  so  It  Is  possible  to  use  pins  of 
materials  which  do  not  exhibit  so  many  defects.  This  material 
being  less  expensive,  the  pins  can  be  made  larger  and  stronger.  A 
high  fusing  composition  Is  employed.  Pins  made  of  It  are  soldered 
to  the  anchorages.  They  have  been  In  constant  use  for  fourteen 
years.  Teeth  containing  more  than  lOO  millions  of  these  pins  have 
been  supplied  to  the  dental  profession.  They  have  rendered  better 
average  service  than  any  other  porcelain  teeth.  And  after  this 
long  and  extensive  trial,  they  are  to-day  more  popular  than  ever 
before. 

The  Mechanical  Advantages  of  Soldering  in  the  Pins. 

Even  the  largest  artificial  tooth  Is  but  a  small  object  to  resist 
the  heavy  and  oft  repeated  strains  to  which  It  Is  subjected  In  masti- 


cation.  In  anterior  teeth  that  strain  may  be  of  50  or  60  pounds 
repeated  hundreds  of  times  daily.  In  posterior  teeth  it  may  be 
much  greater.  And  it  is  important  that  each  tooth  shall  be  con- 
structed in  such  way  as  to  exhibit  its  greatest  strength.  The  prac- 
tice of  baking  the  pins  into  the  porcelain  prohibits  the  tooth  rrom 
exhibiting  its  entire  strength.  The  method  of  soldering  in  the 
pins  permits  the  tooth  to  exhibit  its  full  strength.  The  soldering-in 
method  is  therefore  mechanically  superior. 

Illustrations  Nos.  ^6  and  37  show  the  directions  from  which  an 
upper  incisor  receives  masticatory  strain.     Illustration  A  shows  a 

PLATE 

/TOOTH 

Unsupported  BY 

RUBBER 


MOVING 
STRAIN 


PLATINUM 
ANCHORAGE 


-/PORCELAIN 
DIPS  DOWN 
LEAVING  SPACE 
AROUND  PIN 


No.  36 

Section  of  plate  and  baked-in  pin  tooth 

showing  porcelain  attached  to  pin. 

A-B  is  Che  direction  in  which  the  tooth  must  move. 


No.  37 

Section  of  plate  and  Twentieth  Century 

Tooth.     Porcelain  dips  down  and  is 

not  in  Hirect  contact  with  the  pin. 

tooth  with  a  baked-in  pin.  Strain  from  the  lower  teeth  forces  the 
tooth  in  the  direction  of  the  line  A-B,  with  the  result  that  the 
force  is  brought  to  bear  first  on  the  tiny  right  angles  of  the  porce- 
lain adjacent  to  the  pin,  here  marked  C  and  D.  The  angle  C  being 
small  and  incapable  of  either  bending  or  of  withstanding  the  strain, 
usually  breaks.  And  the  pin  is  torn  away  from  the  porcelain  at 
the  point  D.  The  tooth  thus  materially  weakened,  falls  a  prey  to 
some  of  the  succeeding  strains,  perhaps  when  the  patient  Is  "eating 
soft  bread." 

In  Twentieth  Century  and  Solila  Teeth,  the  porcelain  does  not 
lie  in  contact  with  the  pin  at  the  points  C  and  D,  but  dips  down 
before  it  reaches  the  pin,  leaving  a  small  open  space  about  each 
pin.  The  pin  is  nowhere  attached  directly  to  the  porcelain,  but  only 
to  the  anchorage.  During  the  process  of  vulcanizing,  the  little 
space  about  the  pin  is  filled  with  vulcanite,  which  forms  a  relatively 
soft  cushion  to  ease  off  any  strains  to  which  the  tooth  may  be 
subjected. 


56 


7  he  pins  are  attached 
to  the  porcelain 
through  the  anchor- 
ages, which  have  been 
purposely  located  in 
the  strongest  part  of 
the  tooth.  Any  strain 
to  which  the  tooth  is 
subjected,  is  therefore 
not  opposed  by  tiny 
portions  of  the  tooth, 
but  by  the  whole  body 
of  the  tooth  itself. 
This  form  of  construc- 
tion undoubtedly  ac- 
counts for  a  part  of  that  superior  strength  which  Twentieth  Century 
teeth  have  exhibited  in  practice. 


Section  of  tootli  with  baked-ni  composition  pins,  magnified 
10  diameters  Heat  required  to  fnse  porcelain  has  oxidized 
pin.  Gas  bubbles  plainly  show.  This  is  by  no  means  the 
worst  specimen  in  our  collection. 

No.  38 


Baked-in  Composition  Pin  Teeth. 

When  the  success  of  Twentieth  Century  teeth  was  seen  to  be 
assured  and  seriously  threatened  the  business  of  manufacturers  of 
platinum  pin  teeth,  several  makers  rushed  into  the  market  with 
teeth  designed  to  stem  the  tide  of  Twentieth  Century  tooth  success. 
These  substitutes  generally  consisted  of  teeth  with  base  metal  pins 
baked  into  the  porcelain.  They  were  foredoomed  to  failure,  be- 
cause platinum  is  the  only  metal  so  far  discovered  which  can  be 
successfully  baked  into  teeth  of  high  fusing  porcelain. 

Those  manufacturers  who  baked  base  metal  pins  into  teeth  of 
high  fusing  porcelain,  found  the  pins  so  badly  oxidized  by  the  heat 
of  baking,  and  by  certain  chemical  changes  which  occur  in  the  bak- 
ing, as  to  have  little  tensile  strength.  However,  the  teeth  were 
put  on  the  market,  but  within  a  few  years  were  discarded  by  those 
members  of  the  profession  who  insisted  upon  serviceability  in  the 
teeth.  Some  manufacturers  lowered  the  fusing  points  of  their 
porcelain  to  where  the  pins  could  withstand  the  heat,  and  still  make 
these  teeth  for  dentists  whose  sole  interest  in  teeth  consists  in  buy- 
ing them  at  the  lowest  possible  price. 

After  14  years  of  continuous  manufacture.  Twentieth  Century 
teeth  are  approved  by  more  dentists  and  enjoy  a  larger  sale  than 
ever  before. 


57 


CHAPTER  VI 


SoLiLA  Teeth 

are  offered  as  an  improvement  on  platinum  pin  teeth  for  vulcanite 
work  at  lower  prices. 

They  have  pure  gold  pins  soldered  to  platinum  anchorages  in 
the  same  way  that  Twentieth  Century  pins  are.  These  pins  are 
strengthened  by  central  cores  of  regular  Twentieth  Century  pin 
metal.  The  cores  are  entirely  covered  by  the  gold,  except  some- 
times a  small  spot  in  the  centre  of  the  head.  Thus  only  pure  gold 
is  exposed  to  the  oral  fluids. 

Solila  teeth  offer  the  following  advantages  over  platinum  pin 
teeth; 

The  pins  are  at  least  80%  stronger  than  the  platinum  pins 
common  to  vulcanite  teeth  of  to-day. 

The  porcelain  in  the  teeth  has  not  been  subjected  to  the  shat- 
tering action  of  solid  platinum  pins.  It  is  therefore  perfect  and 
is  capable  of  resisting  greater  stress. 

The  mechanical  construction  is  such  as  to  enable  the  tooth 
to  oppose  its  entire  strength  to  stress.  The  porcelain  does  not 
lie  in  contact  with  the  pins  where  they  emerge  from  the  tooth. 
A  little  space  is  left  about  each  pin.  Into  this  the  vulcanite 
enters  and  forms  a  cushion  which  "eases  off"  strains  upon  the 
tooth.  The  strain  is  not  borne  by  small  and  weak  parts  of  the 
tooth,  as  in  baked-in  pin  teeth,  but  is  carried  at  once  to  the 
strongest  part  of  the  tooth.  The  tooth,  thus  opposing  its  entire 
strength  to  the  strain,  is  less  likely  to  break. 

As  less  platinum  is  used  in  the  manufacture  of  these  teeth 
and  gold  is  now  less  expensive  than  platinum,  they  can  be  sold 
at  lower  prices  than  platinum  pin  teeth. 

They  are,  therefore,  offered  as  substitutes  for  platinum  pin 
teeth  at  lower  prices.  The  moulds  and  shades  are  the  same  as 
in  Twentieth  Century  teeth. 

58 


CHAPTER  VII 

Artificial  Tooth  Terms. 

An  Understanding  of  Them  Is  Important 
TO  Every  Dentist. 

All  our  tooth  products  are  made  of  porcelain,  the  elements  of 
which  are  mined  from  the  earth,  selected  with  great  care,  purified 
and  ground  to  a  powder.  This  powder  is  then  mixed  with  metallic 
oxides  which,  when  baked,  yield  the  shades  seen  in  the  natural  teeth. 
The  powder  thus  shaded  is  moistened  and  packed  into  moulds 
shaped  like  natural  teeth  and  baked  at  a  temperature  approximat- 
ing 2700  degrees  Fahr, 

In  the  descriptions  of  artificial  teeth  several  terms  are  used,  the 
meaning  of  which  should  be  perfectly  clear.  They  are  Translu- 
cency,  Strength,  Shades  and  Moulds. 

Translucency. 

If  you  examine  carefully  a  number  of  makes  of  artificial  teeth 
you  will  notice  that  there  is  a  decided  difference  in  the  appearance 
of  the  porcelains.  Some  appear  very  opaque.  That  is,  they  look 
like  the  porcelain  of  a  dish.  The  light  does  not  enter  into  the  sur- 
face. You  cannot  seem  to  see  into  the  porcelain.  On  the  other 
hand,  some  porcelains  appear  quite  translucent.  They  admit  light 
to  the  outer  layers.  It  seems  as  if  you  could  see  farther  into  them 
than  into  the  opaque  porcelains. 

Translucency  is  very  important  in  artificial  teeth.  These  teeth 
must  often  set  beside  translucent  natural  teeth.  If  the  porcelain  be 
opaque  it  will  appear  dead  beside  the  natural  teeth,  no  matter  how 
carefully  the  colors  are  matched.  A  mere  glance  at  the  mouth  will 
show  that  some  of  the  teeth  are  artificial. 

The  artificial  porcelain  imitates  nature  in  proportion  as  it  is 
translucent.  This  renders  artificial  teeth  or  crowns  made  of  trans- 
lucent porcelain  very  difficult  of  detection.  It  makes  artistic  work 
possible  where  the  mere  lack  of  translucency  would  defeat  it. 

59 


Twentieth  Century  porcelain  is  the  most  translucent  porcelain 
ever  offered  to  the  dental  profession.  You  seem  to  see  right  into 
the  outer  layers  of  teeth  composed  of  it.  The  light  is  not  reflected 
as  from  a  dead  surface.  When  well  selected  teeth  and  crowns  of 
Twentieth  Century  porcelain  are  placed  in  the  mouth  and  kept  moist 
beside  the  natural  teeth,  it  is  difficult  to  detect  them. 

The  translucency  of  teeth  is  greatly  affected  by  the  amount  of 
glaze.  Porcelains  glazed  to  a  shiny  finish  have  a  glass-like  appear- 
ance. The  finish  of  Twentieth  Century  Teeth  closely  simulates 
that  of  the  natural  teeth.  They  are  glazed  neither  too  little  which 
would  make  them  appear  dead,  nor  too  much  which  would  make 
them  appear  glassy.  The  above  qualities  are  very  valuable  in  secur- 
ing good  results,  and  we  commend  them  to  your  careful  attention. 

Strength. 

Strength  is  an  important  factor  in  the  success  of  a  porcelain. 
It  depends  on  several  things.  First,  the  elements  of  which  the 
porcelain  is  made  must  be  right.  They  must  be  selected  with 
intelligence  and  care.  The  selected  elements  must  be  manipulated 
properly.  The  grinding,  mixing  with  flux,  and  baking  must  be 
performed  in  exactly  the  correct  manner  or  all  the  care  which  has 
been  previously  exerted  will  be  lost. 

In  the  selection  of  materials  and  their  manipulation,  Twentieth 
Century  porcelain  receives  a  care  and  skill  which  are  not  surpassed 
and,  we  believe,  not  equalled.  We  believe  it  is  stronger  than  any 
other  porcelain  offered  the  dental  profession.  It  will  withstand  as 
much  strain  as  an  artificial  tooth  should  receive. 

Shades. 

When  the  porcelain  elements  have  been  properly  selected  and 
ground  they  must  be  shaded.  Shades  are  obtained  by  using  metallic 
oxides  which  develop  the  desired  colors  at  a  very  high  temperature. 

Here  the  selection  must  be  as  careful  and  intelligent  as  in  select- 
ing the  other  porcelain  elements.  Only  those  metallic  oxides  which 
will  produce  colors  similar  to  those  found  in  natural  teeth  may  be 
used,  and  from  among  these  must  be  selected  those  which  yield 
stable  colors. 

So  carefully  is  this  process  of  selection  conducted  that  the 
colors  in  Twentieth  Century  Porcelain  almost  exactly  reproduce 
those  found  in  the  natural  teeth. 

60 


When  just  the  right  colors  have  been  secured,  they  must  be 
properly  blended.  Here  it  is  that  art  manifests  itself.  No  natural 
tooth  is  all  one  color  but  in  the  various  parts  may  exhibit  either 
several  different  colors  or  several  different  shades  of  the  same 
color.  For  instance,  nearly  all  teeth  show  some  shade  of  yellow 
at  the  cervical  end.  The  middle  third  of  the  tooth  may  show  a 
gray  or  a  blue  or  a  yellow,  while  the  tip  may  show  a  \'ery  light 
yellow,  a  very  light  blue  or  white. 

Twentieth  Century  colors  are  so  artistically  placed  that  the 
finished  teeth  show  the  variations  common  to  the  natural  teeth. 

Moulds. 

Twentieth  Century  Moulds  are  obtained  by  careful  study  of 
the  natural  teeth  and  adapting  the  information  so  gained  to  prac- 
tical use.  Natural  teeth  present  a  thousand  variations  in  different 
individuals,  but  these  variations  seem  to  centre  about  ideal  forms 
which  find  expression  but  rarely. 

Twentieth  Century  Teeth  seek  to  produce  the  ideal  forms  for 
which  nature  strives.  It  is  sometimes  stated  that  the  moulds  of  arti- 
ficial teeth  are  not  sufficiently  natural!  If  by  naturalness  it  is  in- 
tended to  express  the  variations  from  the  general  form  which  are 
seen  in  individual  mouths,  there  is  some  truth  in  this  statement. 

The  experiment  of  exactly  reproducing  natural  teeth  has  been 
thoroughly  tried.  Artificial  teeth  have  been  made  which  exactly 
reproduced  the  variations  seen  in  individual  mouths.  7  hey  proved 
a  complete  failure.     No  dentist  would  buy  them. 

The  general  term  '"Mould"  deals  with  the  shape  of  the  various 
parts  of  the  tooth,  but  that  each  part  may  be  accurately  described, 
particular  terms  are  necessary.  These  are  "length,"  "width,"  "out- 
line," "thickness,"  "bite,"  "shut,"  and  "ridge-lap." 

Length. 

M:^  A  The  length  of  a  tooth  is  the  distance  from  the  cut- 

■^  ting  edge  to  the  neck  in  an  anterior,  and  from  the  tip 

^  of  buccal  cusps  to  the  neck  in  the  posterior. 

^-            ^  The  length  of  the  anterior  teeth  largely  determines 

<  width   >  ,  .       .  ,  1   •  1    1  1 

the  artistic  results  achieved  by  a  plate. 
That  part  of  the  plate  exposed  in  laughing  should  be  teeth  when 
the  proportions  of  lip  and  ridge  permit  it.      Cases  often  present  in 


which  the  patient  lifts  the  lips  in  laughing  so  as  to  expose  a  very 
considerable  area  of  the  ridge.  In  such  cases  the  length  of  the  an- 
teriors  should  receive  careful  consideration  in  order  that  as  much 
of  the  exposed  part  of  the  plate  may  be  occupied  by  teeth  as  is  con- 
sistent with  artistic  results. 

Other  cases  present  in  which  the  teeth  are  required  to  set 
alm.ost  entirely  under  the  ridge,  not  lapping  it  at  all.  Still  other 
cases  show  marked  absorption.  Here  the  dentist  must  choose 
between  moulds  of  very  different  lengths. 

So  important  is  the  matter  of  length  of  the  centrals  that  the 
moulds  have  been  classified  as  "short,"  "medium"  and  "long,"  by 
the  lengths  of  the  centrals. 

Width. 

f~~^    A  The  width  is  as  important  as  the  length.     In  select- 

's ing  vulcanite  teeth,  however,  it  is  less  important  to  note 
^  the  width  of  individual  anteriors  than  the  width  of  the 
^—  —  ^  six  anteriors  taken  together.  It  is  the  anteriors  as  a 
whole  which,  when  exposed,  show  harmony  with  the 
face  or  lack  of  it.  Twentieth  Century  Anteriors  are  so  well  propor- 
tioned that  when  six  of  the  right  width  have  been  selected  the  widths 
of  the  individual  teeth  rarely  require  attention. 

The  width  of  the  full  14  is  important,  as  has  been  explained 
in  the  Twentieth  Century  Method. 

In  some  cases  it  will  be  desired  to  use  given  anteriors,  but  to 
make  the  14  wider  or  narrower.  This  may  be  done  by  selecting 
posteriors  of  different  widths  which  harmonize  with  the  given  an- 
teriors. ■,     ,.!    :    ■    I 

Thickness. 

This  is  the  linguo-labial  diameter  of  an  anterior  tooth  and  the 
linguo-buccal  diameter  of  a  posterior. 

Both  thick  and  thin  moulds  have  their  uses.  If  a  ridge  be  thick, 
the  thick  moulds  will  often  be  found  to  suit  it  better  and  to  permit 
the  pins  to  extend  further  lingually.  Note  for  instance  Mould  52, 
For  so  short  a  mould  it  is  quite  thick.  The  outline  illustration 
shows  how  far  lingually  the  pins  reach.  Note  how 
different  Mould  27  is  in  this  respect. 

When  it  is  desired  to  have  little  bulk  to  lingual, 
^52!*^      the  thin  moulds  are  valuable. 


Outline. 

The  outline  of  an  artificial  tooth  is  the  continuous  curve  formed 
by  the  incisal  edge,  the  approximal  surfaces  and  the  neck.  It  may 
vary  greatly  in  teeth  having  the  same  length  and  width  as  in  moulds 
5  and  23  shown  herewith.  The  curves  may  be  flat  in  one  and  round- 
ing in  another.     For  a  patient  having  flat  curves  in  the  face,  or 


narrow  chin,  an  artificial  tooth  having  flat  approximal 
curves  and  a  narrow  neck  should  be  selected.     For 


Q 


one  having  rounding  curves  or  plump  features,  teeth 

Mould  .  °  ^      .  f  f  )         ^  Mould 

5-  having  rounder  approximal  surfaces  and  more  bulging  2:3. 
labial  surfaces  are  indicated.  A  careful  examination  of  the  outline 
curves  as  shown  under  each  mould  will  indicate  the  harmony  between 
the  curves  in  that  mould  and  any  desired  face  which  may  be  chosen. 
The  length  and  width  of  an  artificial  tooth  is  determined  mechan- 
ically by  the  Twentieth  Century  Method,  but  the  outline  must  be 
left  to  the  dentist's  artistic  judgment. 

Setting  Teeth  on  the  Bonwill  Circle. 

The  width  of  the  six  anteriors  on  the  denture  will  vary  some- 
what according  to  the  circle  on  which  they  are  set.     The  measure- 


Bonwill  circle  for  plain  upper  moulds 
2-6-7-8-9-10-22-26-28-29-35-38-44-56-65-66-71-76-70-81-88-93. 

63 


rnents  here  given  are  for  the  width  of  the  anteriors  and  full  fourteen 
when  set  on  the  Bonwill  circle. 

To  make  a  Bonwill  circle,  construct  an  equilateral  triangle  ha\- 
ing  sides  four  inches  long.  Draw  a  line  from  the  apex  to  the  centre 
of  the  base.  Learn  the  combined  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and 
cuspid.  With  a  pair  of  compasses  take  this  width  as  a  radius. 
Place  one  point  of  the  compass  at  C  and  mark  the  line  CD  at  E. 
With  the  same  radius  and  £  as  a  centre  draw  a  circle  through  C 
and  for  some  distance  on  each  side. 

With  the  same  radius,  place  one  point  of  the  compass  at  C  and 
mark  the  circle  just  drawn  at  F  and  G.  Draw  a  line  from  G  to  A 
and  from  F  to  B.  The  line  FCG  represents  the  curve  on  which  the 
cutting  edges  of  anteriors  having  that  width  should  be  set.  The 
lines  AG  and  BF  represent  the  line  of  the  buccal  cusps  of  the  pos- 
terior teeth. 

It  will  often  be  found  helpful  to  fashion  a  curve  of  this  sort 
for  setting  the  anteriors. 


^p(^  wHf  ^f  '^^     ^*   '^m  ^^^^  ^1^^ 


04 


CHAPTER  VIII 


TABLE  NO.   1 

Plain  Vulcanite  Upper  Moulds 

WITH  ANATOMICAIv  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOI^ARS 
ARRANGED  BY  SIZR. 

This  table  exhibits  the  plain  vulcanite  upper  moulds  in 
Twentieth  Century,  Solila  and  Dentsply  teeth,  which  regularly  com- 
prise anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars.  For  plain  vulcanite  upper 
moulds  not  regularly  comprising  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars,  see 
Table  No.  2. 

Twentieth  Century,  Solila,  and  Dentsply  Vulcanite  teeth  are  made 
in  the  same  moulds  and  with  the  same  mould  numbers. 

The  several  dimensions  are  grouped  in  the  order  of  their  relative 
importance,  from  left  to  right, 

SHORT  MOULDS. 

(AI^I^  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


1 

3 
O 

Approx. 
width  6 
anteriors 

set  on 
Bonwill 

Circle 

Approx. 

width  full 

14 

set  on 

Bonwill 

Circle 

o|  o 

III 

2 

Cut  and 

description 

on  page 

52 

8M 

39 

94 

6 

3 

6M 

52 

98 

71 

42 

sy. 

40 

95 

6M 

33^ 

6M 

14 

98 

71 

44 

Wi 

45 

100 

b% 

2% 

7J^ 

27 

98 

72 

17 

9 

41 

96 

5M 

3 

7 

14 

98 

72 

68 

9 

42 

97 

5K 

2K 

7 

14 

98 

73 

21 

9H 

43 

102 

6 

3 

7 

67 

55 

73 

18 

9% 

41 

96 

6 

3 

6M 

14 

98 

74 

15 

^% 

42 

97 

6 

3 

6% 

14 

98 

74 

36 

9 

43 

102 

6 

3 

7M 

67 

55 

74 

22 

9% 

45 

104 

6 

3 

7^ 

67 

97 

77 

70 

9^ 

44 

99 

6K 

3 

7)^ 

67 

98 

78 

48 

9% 

48 

100 

7 

3^ 

8 

19 

99 

75 

MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


4 

10 

43 

102 

4M 

2 

7 

67 

97 

75 

11 

10 

43 

102 

5M 

2K 

7 

67 

97 

78 

16 

10 

42 

103 

4M 

2 

7 

67 

55 

79 

89 

10 

42 

98 

7 

3^ 

7 

67 

55 

76 

67 

10 

40 

99 

6K 

2M 

6% 

67 

97 

76 

19 

10  K 

43 

104 

6 

3 

7 

67 

99 

79 

90 

lOK 

42 

104 

m 

4 

7 

67 

99 

80 

51 

11 

42 

104 

lYi 

3 

7 

67 

99 

80 

*Owinsr   to   the   many   processes  involved    in   makinsr   teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slijrht  variations. 

65 


TABLE  NO.   1 

[Continued.) 

Plain  Vulcanite  Upper  Moulds 

WITH   ANATOMICAL   BICUSPIDS   AND    MOLARS 
ARRANGED   BY   SIZE 

MEDIUM   LONG   MOULDS. 

( Continued. ) 

(Alyl^  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MIIvI.IMETERS.  )* 


Mould 
No. 

I^ength 
of  Central 

Approx. 
width  6 
anteriors 

set  on 
Bonwill 

Circle 

Approx. 

width  full 

14 

set  on 

Bonwill 

Circle 

|l| 
IIS 

O.tJ  0 

PQ 

0  g 
«5 

^0 

1)  ii 

■0 

.3.1:2 

"  1 

■a  .9  V 

13 

10 

43 

104 

7 

3 

1% 

67 

55 

81 

20 

10 

44 

105 

6K 

3 

w. 

39 

99 

81 

88 

10 

45 

106 

6K 

3H 

7H 

10 

99 

82 

5 

10 

44 

105 

6K 

3 

7H 

39 

99 

82 

(J 

10 

45 

106 

5K 

2K 

7K 

39 

99 

83 

23 

10 

45 

106 

6 

2K 

7% 

3 

99 

83 

7 

103/3 

45 

106 

7M 

4 

7K 

67 

99 

83 

2 

lOM 

45 

106 

6>^ 

3^ 

7K 

39 

99 

84 

35 

lOH 

45 

107 

7K 

4 

7% 

39 

99 

84 

9 

10% 

45 

106 

m 

4 

7% 

A5 

99 

85 

65 

11 

46 

107 

6K 

3 

7M 

51 

99 

85 

12 

11 

46 

107 

6K 

3K 

7% 

A5 

99 

86 

103 

iiK 

47 

108 

9 

4 

7M 

3 

99 

86 

47 

lOK 

47 

108 

6 

2M 

8 

A5 

99 

87 

87 

11 

46 

111 

8K 

4 

8 

87 

100 

87 

104 

11 

48 

113 

8}^ 

4 

8M 

103 

103 

88 

LONG  MOULDS 


(Alvlv  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MIUJ METERS.)* 


78 

llM 

46 

HI 

7K 

4 

7M 

78 

100 

88 

10 

11% 

45 

110 

8 

4 

7M 

51 

100 

89 

8 

12 

45 

110 

7K 

3H 

m 

51 

100 

89 

50 

13 

47 

109 

8K 

^% 

8 

50 

A50 

90 

45 

12 

49 

114 

7 

3 

8K 

103 

100 

90 

93 

13 

49 

114 

9 

4>^ 

8M 

93 

93 

91 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes   involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slight  variations. 

6G 


TABLE  NO.   2 

Plain  Vulcanite  Upper  Moulds 

NOT  REGULARLY  COMPRLSING  ANATOMICAL  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS 

SHORT   MOULDS. 

(AIJ,  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MIU^IMETERS.)* 


Approx. 

Approx. 

'O.rt 

n 

«  h 

s 

Mould 

I^ength 

width  6 
anteriors 

width  full 
14 

a  a  o  rt 

ii  a 

Si 

5|-S 

re  O-s' 

No. 

of  Central 

set  on 

set  on 

■;;  i;  3  a 

.S-g 

Bon  will 

Bonwill 

C  K  X  u 

<« 

U  4]  o 

Circle 

Circle 

<  & 

•0 

32 

9H 

44 

104 

63/2 

3 

7^ 

70 

92 

73 

9 

44 

112 

5y2 

2 

7M 

73 

92 

43 

9K 

47 

114 

6H 

3 

8 

43 

93 

94 

9M 

51 

116 

I'A 

S'A 

8K 

19 

94 

MEDIUM   LONG  MOULDS. 

(ALIv  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MIL,LIMETERS.)* 


14 

10 

43 

105 

m 

3^ 

7 

al4 

94 

31 

10 

42 

103 

5 

2 

6% 

7 

95 

41 

10 

43 

103 

5^ 

2M 

7 

8 

95 

37 

lOH 

43 

104 

7 

3 

7 

a37 

96 

30 

103^ 

42 

100 

7 

3 

7 

a30 

96 

27 

101^ 

40 

101 

%Vo 

4 

63^ 

25 

97 

91 

11 

42 

99 

5)^ 

2 

6% 

91 

97 

72 

10 

47 

115 

6K 

3 

W2 

72-78 

98 

24 

103^ 

43 

108 

iy2 

Wz 

7 

1 

98 

79 

103^ 

45 

108 

73^ 

4 

7% 

79 

99 

39 

10% 

43 

103 

7 

2% 

7^ 

8-2 

99 

25 

10% 

44 

107 

63^ 

3 

7% 

5-3 

100 

92 

10% 

45 

110 

7^ 

4 

7% 

92-5 

101 

40 

11 

44 

105 

7^ 

43^ 

7 

8 

101 

28 

11 

45 

106 

5K 

2 

7.3i 

16 

102 

29 

11 

45 

109 

7 

3% 

7,^ 

1 

102 

63 

11 

44 

103 

5^ 

2H 

71^ 

8 

103 

46 

11 M 

44 

105 

9^ 

3H 

7H 

3 

103 

66 

11 M 

45 

114 

83^ 

33^ 

73^ 

66 

104 

75 

9% 

50 

116 

6H 

3 

93-^ 

75 

104 

71 

103^^ 

45 

108 

6 

3 

8 

71 

105 

69 

10% 

48 

115 

63^ 

1% 

8>^ 

69 

105 

1 

11 

46 

107 

83^ 

4 

7% 

5 

106 

105 

11 

47 

116 

W2 

4 

8>^ 

105 

106 

107 

iiM 

49 

119 

m 

4>^ 

8>^ 

107 

107 

26 

ii>^ 

45 

106 

^% 

3 

7>^ 

11 

108 

81 

11  >^ 

45 

108 

9>^ 

5)^ 

7>^ 

5 

108 

76 

12 

45 

109 

8>^ 

4 

7>^ 

5 

109 

38 

12 

45 

105 

7 

ZYz 

7>^ 

11 

109 

56 

12 

45 

109 

8^ 

4^ 

7M 

5 

110 

49 

12 

48 

107 

7>^ 

4 

8 

49 

110 

86 

12 

48 

109 

^% 

4 

8 

6 

111 

96 

12 

50 

118 

^Vz 

4 

%% 

96 

111 

95 

13 

48 

113 

9>^ 

5 

8 

95 

112 

74 

13  >^ 

46 

108 

9 

5 

7% 

74 

112 

101 

12 

49 

115 

10 

4>^ 

8>^ 

101 

113 

64 

12 

50 

113 

7 

3>^ 

9 

18 

113 

84 

n% 

53 

123 

8^ 

3>^ 

9K 

84 

114 

85 

12 

65 

138 

9 

4 

12 

None 

114 

82 

14% 

57 

128 

13 

6>^ 

9^ 

82 

115 

83 

15% 

52 

123 

13>^ 

6 

9 

83 

115 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slight  variations. 


TABLE  NO.   3 

Plain  Vulcanite  Upper  Moulds 

ARRANGED  NUMERICAIvIvY 

THIS    TABIvE    IS    DESIGNED   TO   AFFORD   INFORMATION  CONCERNING  MOUI.DS  WHEN 
THE   MOUI.D   NUMBER   IS   KNOWN. 

Moulds   numbered   in   thi.s   face  of    type,    2 — 4 — 5 — 6 — 7,  are  regularly  carded  with   anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars.     The  other  moulds  may  be  had  so  carded  on  special  order. 

(AI,I,  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MII^I^IMETERS.j* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

i    ii 

-a-    i; 

^ 

5-0 

^ 

6 

•a 
1 

s 

3 

a 

i> 
-a 

3-2 

as 

pq 

III 

•S     0 

SCO 

n-  0 

'^3 
If  0 

iia 

3  V 

■r  0 
< 

Si 

5^ 

0  ^ 

HJ   dj 

ui  bo 
3  CO 
S  » 

1 

11 

7% 

4 

4 

3 

8% 

46 

107 

6-28-5 

106 

2 

lOK 

7% 

3% 

2% 

4% 

6% 

45 

106 

39 

99 

84 

4 

10  " 

7 

2 

2 

6 

4% 

43 

102 

67 

97 

75 

5 

10 

7% 

3 

3 

4 

6% 

44 

105 

39 

99 

82 

6 

10 

7% 

2% 

2% 

5 

5% 

45 

106 

39 

99 

83 

7 

10K3 

7% 

4 

3 

3% 

7% 

45 

106 

67 

99 

83 

8 

12 

7^ 

3% 

3% 

5 

7% 

45 

106 

51 

100 

89 

9 

10% 

7% 

4 

3 

3% 

7% 

45 

106 

A5 

99 

85 

10 

11% 

7% 

4 

3% 

4M 

8 

45 

110 

11-16-5 

100 

89 

11 

10 

7 

2% 

2% 

5 

5% 

43 

102 

67 

97 

78 

12 

11 

7% 

3% 

2% 

5 

6% 

46 

107 

A5 

99 

86 

13 

10 

7% 

3 

3% 

3>^ 

7 

43 

104 

67 

99 

81 

14 

10 

7 

3% 

3% 

3 

7% 

43 

105 

al4-2-3 

94 

15 

9% 

6% 

3 

2% 

4 

6 

42 

97 

14 

98 

74 

16 

10 

7 

2 

2 

6 

4% 

42 

103 

67 

99 

79 

17 

9 

7 

3 

2 

4 

5% 

41 

108 

14 

98 

72 

18 

9K 

6% 

3 

2% 

4 

6 

41 

96 

14 

98 

74 

19 

lOK 

7 

3 

2% 

5 

6 

43 

104 

67 

99 

79 

'20 

10 

7% 

3 

3 

4 

6% 

44 

105 

39 

99 

81 

21 

9M 

7 

3 

2% 

4 

6 

43 

102 

67 

97 

73 

22 

m 

7% 

3 

2% 

4 

6 

45 

104 

67 

97 

77 

23 

10 

7M 

2% 

3 

4% 

6 

45 

106 

3 

99 

83 

24 

lOK 

7 

3% 

3% 

3% 

7% 

43 

108 

1 

98 

25 

10% 

7% 

3 

3 

4% 

6% 

44 

107 

5-3-65 

100 

26 

iiM 

7% 

3 

3 

5% 

6% 

45 

106 

11-16-3 

108 

27 

lOK 

6% 

4 

4 

2% 

8% 

40 

100-101 

25-7 

97 

28 

11 

7% 

2 

3 

6 

5% 

45 

106 

65-16-3 

102 

29 

11 

7% 

3% 

3 

4>^ 

7 

45 

109 

1-16-5 

102 

30 

lOK 

7 

3 

3% 

4 

7 

42 

100 

a30-3-2 

96 

31 

10  " 

6% 

2 

2% 

5% 

5 

42 

103 

7-2-70 

95 

32 

9% 

7% 

3 

3 

3>^ 

6% 

44 

104 

70-10-9 

92 

35 

lOK 

7% 

4 

3 

3% 

7% 

45 

107 

39 

99 

84 

36 

9  " 

7% 

3 

2% 

3M 

6 

43 

102 

67 

97 

74 

37 

10% 

7 

3 

3% 

4 

7 

43 

104 

a37-3-2 

96 

38 

12 

7% 

3% 

3 

5% 

7 

45 

105 

11-16-74 

109 

39 

10% 

7% 

2% 

4 

4 

7 

43 

103 

8-2-10 

99 

40 

11 

7 

4% 

2% 

4 

7% 

44 

105 

8-2-3 

101 

41 

10 

7 

2M 

2% 

5 

5% 

43 

103 

7-8-2 

95 

42 

8% 

6% 

3% 

2% 

3% 

6% 

40 

95 

14 

98 

71 

43 

9^ 

8 

3 

3 

3M 

6% 

47 

114 

43-30-19 

93 

*  Owing  to   the  many  processes   involved   in   making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slight  variations. 

68 


TABLK   NO.    S-'iCoiUinned) 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH 

I'l^AIN     ri'I'ERS. 

TABLK  OF  MOULDS  ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY 

K^.\^^  DIMEN.SION.S  AKK  IN  MII^MMETERS.J* 


DIMENSIONS 

OF   CENTRAL 

nil  14 

m 

Circle 

es  with 
oulds 

'^1 

0  ^ 

6 

___-s 

"C 

^ 

^ 

S' 

1^ 

-  0_ 

^_  V  ^^ 

-  s 

^  " 

B-Cl 

o 

c 

s 

X 

■J, 

'5, 

3.| 

'^  1 

<-2 

So 

0  s 

=  a 

44 

8M 

7K 

2y 

2K 

sy 

5K 

45 

101 

27 

98 

72 

45 

12 

8K 

3 

33^ 

by 

7 

49 

114 

103 

100 

90 

46 

llM 

7K 

3><$ 

5^ 

234 

9K 

44 

105 

3-5-11 

103 

47 

lOK 

8 

2j4 

3 

5 

6 

46 

108 

A5 

99 

87 

48 

9% 

8 

sy 

3 

33^ 

7 

48 

110 

A5 

99 

75 

49 

12 

8 

4 

3 

5 

73^ 

48 

107 

49-16-6-78 

110 

50 

13 

8 

4% 

sy 

5 

8K 

47 

109 

12-13-6 

A50 

90 

61 

11 

7 

3 

4 

4 

7M 

42 

104 

67 

99 

80 

52 

8M 

6M 

3 

2K 

3 

6 

39 

93 

52-9 

98 

71 

56 

12 

7% 

4M 

sy 

4 

8K 

45 

109 

6-5-28 

110 

63 

11 

73^ 

2K 

2% 

6 

5K 

44 

103 

8-7-10 

103 

64 

12 

9 

3M 

sy 

5 

7 

50 

113 

18-19-101 

113 

G5 

11 

7M' 

3 

3 

5 

63^ 

45 

107 

51 

99 

85 

66 

11  >^ 

IVa 

3>^ 

4M 

3K 

8K 

45 

114 

66 

104 

07 

10 

6% 

2y 

sy 

4 

6>^ 

40 

99 

67-7-2 

97 

76 

68 

9 

7 

2y 

2y 

4 

5K 

42 

97 

14 

98 

73 

69 

10% 

8M 

2y 

sy 

4% 

6M 

48 

115 

69-75-19 

105 

70 

9^ 

7K 

3 

3 

3^ 

6M 

44 

99 

67 

98 

78 

71 

10  K 

8 

3 

2>^ 

5 

6 

45 

108 

71-5-6 

105 

72 

10 

7K 

3 

3 

4 

6K 

47 

115 

72-73-43 

98 

73 

9 

7Ki 

2 

3 

4 

5H 

44 

112 

73 

92 

74 

13K 

7% 

5 

sy 

5 

9 

46 

108 

74-6-16 

112 

75 

9^ 

9K 

3 

3 

3% 

6M 

50 

116 

75-69-19 

104 

76 

12 

7^ 

4 

4 

4 

83^ 

45 

109 

5-6-28 

109 

78 

UK 

7K 

4 

3 

4M 

73^ 

46 

111 

78 

100 

88 

79 

io>^ 

7^3 

4 

3 

3H 

m 

45 

108-109 

79-5-6 

99 

81 

11 M 

7M 

534 

sy 

2^ 

9M 

45 

108 

6-5-16 

108 

82 

14M 

9M 

6>| 

6 

2K 

13 

57 

128 

82 

115 

83 

15M 

9 

6 

7 

2% 

13K 

52 

123 

83 

115 

84 

11^ 

9M 

3K 

4K 

sy 

8M 

53 

123 

84 

114 

85 

12 

12 

4 

4K 

sy 

9 

65 

138 

none 

114 

86 

12 

8 

4 

4 

4 

8K 

48 

109 

6-5-19 

111 

87 

11 

8 

4 

4 

3 

8M 

46 

111 

87 

100 

87 

88 

10 

7^ 

3><; 

2M 

4 

6M 

45 

106 

10 

99 

82 

89 

10 

7 

sy 

sy 

sy 

7 

42 

98 

67 

98 

76 

90 

10  M 

7 

4 

3 

sy 

7K 

42 

104 

90-67 

99 

80 

91 

11 

6M 

2 

3 

6 

5K 

42 

99 

91-2-7 

97 

92 

lOM 

7K 

4 

3 

3% 

7M 

45 

110 

92-5-103 

101 

93 

13 

sy, 

4M 

4 

4)^ 

9 

49 

114 

93 

93 

91 

94 

%M 

8K 

sy 

sy 

2y 

7K 

51 

116 

19-30-43 

94 

95 

13 

8 

5 

4 

4 

9M 

48 

118 

95-12-13 

112 

96 

12 

8K 

4 

5 

3 

9>^ 

50 

118 

96-12-18 

111 

101 

12 

8K 

43^ 

5 

234 

10 

49 

115 

101-107-18 

113 

103 

IIM 

m 

4 

4K 

3 

9 

47 

108 

g 

99 

86 

104 

11 

sy, 

4 

4 

3 

83^ 

48 

113 

103 

100 

88 

105 

11 

sy 

4 

4 

3 

83^ 

47 

116 

105-101-104 

106 

107 

ri% 

sy 

43^ 

3>^ 

sy 

8H 

49 

119 

107-104-101 

108 

similar  tables  precede   the   I<ower  Vulcanite   Moulds,    the   Twentieth   Centur.v    rinni    Moulds, 
Twentieth  Century  Crowns  and  IJentspl.v  J''acings. 

*  Owing  to  the  many   processes   involved   in    making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slijflit  variations. 

r,!l 


CHART  OF  PLAIN  VULCANITE  TEETH 
WITH  TERMS  FOR  ORDERING 


Twos  [2s]  Fours  [4s] 


Sixes  [6s] 


"         ^'' 


L  "^*    I 


Tens  [10s] 


111  /"    W  ifi   \\  If    \ 


Eights  [8s] 


\i/  wh 


i  i  M  "If 


Li_liLl>_ji- 


ma0% 


Fourteens  [14s] 


Sixteens  [16s] 


L. '.^.vJ    ir  Mjji^kj 


''  ii 


t'  /; 


\%jj/   ij  V  i 


/j% 


/^  i:/""\\ » 


Twenty-eights  [28s] 


§'%J)  ^\J\J)'\^\J)\j)\j'\^  ^-^^  V 


Plain  Vulcanite 
Upper  Moulds 

REGULARLY    COMPRISING    ANATOMICAL    BICUSPIDS    AND 

MOLARS  IN  TWENTIETH  CENTURY,  DENTSPLY 

AND  SOLILA  TEETH. 


SHORT    MOULDS. 

SHORT  AND  NARROW. 


52 


§j\j 


6&^® 


MOULD  52.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  S%  mm.,  width  6%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  39  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  94  mm.  No  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids  and 
molars. 

One  of  the  two  smallest  plain  upper  moulds.  The  centrals  have  their 
greatest  width  at  the  line  between  the  incisal  and  middle  thirds,  are  made  to 
set  with  just  a  pleasing  slant  to  the  ridge  and  are  nicely  separated  at  the  necks. 
The  cuspids  are  of  good  size  in  proportion  to  the  centrals  and  laterals. 

This  mould  and  mould  42  in  shades  1,  2  and  4  are  very  popular  in  the 
Canadian  provinces  and  wherever  French  people  are  found. 

Indications.  For  small  faces  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper 
trial  plate  comes  about  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is 
raised  about  7%  mm.     Useful  in  making  plates  without  anterior  gums. 


MOULD  42.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  of  central  incisor  3%  mm., 
width  G%  mm.,  bite  3  1/3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3%  mm.  Approximate 
width  of  combined  anteriors,  40  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  95  mm. 
Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 


Tl 


A  very  small  mould  having  flat  curves  in  its  outlines  and  rather  flat  labial 
surfaces.  Its  outside  length  is  the  same  as  that  of  mould  52,  but  it  has  a  collar 
]  mm.  deep  and  when  this  is  covered  with  rubber,  the  exposed  enamel  surface 
is  only  iVa  mm.  long.  This  mould  dififers  from  52  in  that  the  greatest  width 
is  nearer  the  cutting  edge  and  the  approximal  curves  are  straighter.  This  differ 
ence  can  be  best  understood  by  comparing  the  outlines  of  the  centrals  as 
shown  in  the  illustrations.  The  cuspids  in  this  mould  are  slightly  wider  than 
those  in  52,  and  for  this  reason  the  combined  anteriors  are  slightly  wider.  Like 
mould  52  this  mould  in  shades  1,  2  and  4  is  very  popular  among  French  people. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to  form  14's.  This 
mould   articulates  well  with   anterior  from   lower  mould   14. 

Indications.  For  small  faces  where  the  features  are  more  square  than  in 
mould  52.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate 
comes  about  6^/4  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  only  about  iVz  mm. 
As  this  mould  has  a  collar  it  is  not  so  well  adapted  for  making  plates  without 
anterior  gums  as  mould  52. 


MOULD  44.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8^  mm.,  with  7  1/3  mm., 
bite  2%  mm.,  shut  2^  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
45  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  100  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  5^^  mm.     Deep  collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  centrals  are  the  same  length  as  in  the  two  preceding  moulds,  but  con- 
siderably wider.  When  the  collars  are  covered  with  rubber,  the  enamel  surface 
of  the  centrals  is  almost  square.  Laterals  and  cuspids  are  wide  in  proportion 
to  centrals.     The  bite  of  the  anteriors  is  very  hollow. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  08 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  10-24-27. 

Indications.  For  short,  wide  faces,  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the 
upper  trial  plates  comes  about'  5V2  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge  and  the  lip 
is  raised  only  a  little  over  7  mm. 

The  very  hollow  bite  of  the  anteriors  makes  this  mould  valuable  where  the 
lower  anteriors   set   well   forward. 


MOULD  17.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.,  shut  2  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  41  mm. 
A  longer,  slightly  narrower  mould  than  No.  44  with  more  rounding  angles' 
and  pleasing  appearance.  Approximate  width  full  14,  96  mm.  Combined  bite 
and  shut  of  central,  5%  mm.     Deep  collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 


A  short  mould  of  good  comparative  width  but  with  pleasing  proportions, 
rounding  angles  and  narrower  laterals  and  cus])ids  than  in  mould  44. 

Anteriors  from  this  nimild  conihino  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98 
to  form  ]4's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds. 

Indications.  For  short  faces  somewhat  wider  than  for  moulds  52  and  42. 
Valuable  where  the  bite  is  very  close  and  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper 
trial   plate   comes   only  .5'/.   mm.   below  the   surface   of  ridge. 


MOULD  68.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2^ 
mm.,  shut  2^/^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mn.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  97  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  by^ 
mm.     Very  narrow  collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  outline  of  the  centrals  in  this  mould  is  much  like  that  in  mould  52, 
save  that  mould  68  has  narrower  necks  and  the  greatest  width  is  at  the  cutting 
edge.  The  laterals  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  centrals  and  the  cuspids  are  but 
little  longer  than  either. 


Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to  form  14's. 
ticulates   well    with   anteriors    from   lower   mould    14. 


Ar- 


Indications.  For  rather  small  ipersons  having  oval  faces  and  small 
mouths.  When  you  have  a  small,  delicatelj^  built  lady  with  an  oval  face, 
delicate  skin,  fine  hair,  and  when  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial 
plate  comes  only  5J/2  mm.  below  the  Tidge  but  the  lip  is  raised  8  mm.  in 
laughing,  this  mould  will  prove  valuable. 


MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  qVz  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  2  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  43  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  102  mm.    Collar.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

Outlines  of  anteriors  practically  the  same  as  in  mould  42,  only  on  a  larger 
scale. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97  to 
form   14's.     Articulates   well   with   anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  hVjr  oval  faces  of  less  than  medium  length,  Init  good  pro- 
portionate breadth.  J*"or  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial 
plate  comes  about  6J/4  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  about  sy^  mm. 


MOULD  18.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9%  mm.,  width  634  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  41  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  96  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids  and 
molars. 

The  anteriors  present  rather  flat  labial  surfaces  with  flat  curves  in  the  out- 
lines which  carry  the  width  up  into  the  middle  third  and  then  taper  to  medium 
necks  when  the  collars  are  covered  with  rubber. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  14. 

Indications.  For  faces  slightly  less  than  medium  long  and  narrow  in  pro- 
portion, with  flat  curves.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper 
trial  plate  comes  6  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  8^  mm. 


^a 


MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  2/3  mm.,  width  6  2/3  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
42  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  97  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical  bi- 
cuspids and  molars. 

Almost  long  enough  to  be  classed  as  medium  length.  Anteriors  have  their 
greatest  width  at  junction  of  incisal  and  middle  thirds.  The  approximal  sur- 
faces are  quite  flat  and  slope  to  medium  wide  necks  and  show  fair  sized  inter- 
dental spaces. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to 
form  14's.     Articulates  well  Avith  lower  mould  14. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  slightly  less  than  medium  length  and  narrow  in 
proportion.  For  cases  where  the  arch  requires  a  narrow  14.  For  cases  where 
the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about  6  mm.  below  ridge 
and  the  b'p  is  raised  about  9  mm. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT  AND  MEDIUM  WIDE. 


MOULD  36.     Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  1/3  mm.    Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42 

74 


to  43  mm.     Approximate  width  full   14,   101-102  mm.      Anatomical   bicuspids 
and  molars. 

Considerably  less  than  medium  long.  The  centrals  and  laterals  are  made 
to  set  almost  perpendicular  to  the  ridge  and  carry  their  greatest  width  well 
up  into  the  middle  third  so  that  up  to  the  point  where  the  rubber  covers 
the  collar,  they  show  little  space  between  the  necks  of  the  centrals.  The 
centrals  are  thicker  than  medium  and  present  rounding  curves  with  compara- 
tively flat  labial  surfaces. 

The  anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97  to  form  14's, 
and  articulate  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  less  than  medium  length  but  medium  width  and 
quite  full  in  the  lower  half,  rather  inclined  to  be  flat.  With  this  mould  the 
labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  may  come  6  mm.  below  the  surface 
of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  be  raised  about  8  mm. 


MOULD  48.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  2/3  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
3  1/3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  1/3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  48 
to  49  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  110  mm.  Anatomical  bicuspids  and 
molars.     Medium  collar. 

A  wide,  square  looking  mould  of  a  good  deal  the  same  dimensions  as 
mould  43  but  quite  dififerent  appearance.  This  mould  has  its  greatest  width 
in  the  incisal  third  and  carries  it  cervically  by  rather  flat  curves.  When  seen 
on  the  wax  the  teeth  look  square  because  of  the  collar,  but  when  this  is 
covered  with  rubber,  much  of  the  square  look  is  removed.  The  meslo-incisal 
angle  is  quite  sharp  and  the  disto-incisal  angle  but  little  rounded.  The  an- 
teriors are  made  to  set  almost  perpendicular  to  the  ridge. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  A5. 

Indications.  For  wide  faces  of  medium  length  or  slightly  less,  having 
more  tendency  to  angularity  than  in  mould  43.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of 
the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm.  Valuable  in  cases  where  the  mouth  is 
wide  between  the  corners  of  the  lips,  but  the  size  of  the  arch  requires  medium 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  NARROW. 


MOULD  4.     Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.,  shut  2  mm.,  ridge-lap  6  mm.     Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  43  mm. 

73 


Approximate  width  full   14,   102  mm.     Medium  collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

A  thin,  flat  mould  of  very  pleasing  outline.  The  mesial  surface  bulges 
mesially  from  the  mesio-incisal  angle,  so  that  these  angles  in  the  two  centrals 
are  somewhat  separated.  The  neck  is  of  medium  width,  surmounted  by  a 
collar,  and  the  distal  surface  is  quite  rounded.  Laterals  and  cuspids  in  good 
proportion  to  the  centrals,  the  cuspid  having  a  specially  prominent  distal  angle. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97  to 
form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  A5. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  less  than  medium  width  in  the  upper  part  and 
tapering  to  medium  wide  chins  by  fairly  round  curves,  but  where  the  features 
are  not  very  plump.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
about  4J^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm. 
For  cases  where  the  shrinkage  of  the  gum  has  been  more  linguo-labial  than 
vertical,  since  this  tooth  is  intended  to  set  to  labial  of  the  ridge  rather  than 
beneath  it. 


89 


MOULD  89.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm., 
bite  3  1/3  mm.,  shut  3  1/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  1/3  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  42  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  97  to  98  mm.  Slight  collar. 
Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  mould  is  so  well  proportioned  that  when  seen  by  itself  it  seems  a 
medium  tooth  in  all  respects.  The  greatest  width  is  carried  well  up  to  the 
middle  third,  and  the  neck,  aside  from  the  collar,  is  medium  wide.  The  labial 
surfaces  are  neither  flat  nor  bulging  but  are  just  nicely  rounding.  The  tooth 
sets  on  a  slight  slant  to  the  ridge,  this  slant  being  slightly  more  noticeable  in 
the  lateral. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98 
to  form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length  and  slightly  less  than  medium 
width,  with  chins  which  taper  to  medium  oval.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the 
ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9  mm.  in  laughing.  The  character  of  the 
ridge-lap  is  such  that  when  the  pins  rest  on  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  this  tooth 
will  make  very  little  bulk  to  labial. 


67  « 


y^#^  /f%  f%  /f^r^  ir'^ 


MOULD  67.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  6  2/3 
mm.,  bite  2^  mm.,  shut  ZVz  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6' 
anteriors,  40  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  99  mm.  Collar;  quite  pro- 
nounced in   the  anteriors.      Anatomical  bicuspids   and  molars. 


76 


A  lap  lateral  mould.  It  lends  itself  particularly  to  artistic  work  by  the 
dentist,  ])ecausc  it  departs  somewhat  from  the  usual  ap]jearance,  through  the 
shape  of  its  laterals.  The  centrals  have  .^ood  width,  which  they  carry  well 
up  to  the  middle  third,  and  ])y  the  IiuIr-c  of  their  labial  surface,  create  an  im- 
pression of  strenoth.  The  laterals  have  a  lon^  mesial  angle  to  lap  the  distal 
surface  of  the  central.  The  disto-incisal  angle,  is  cut  away.  The  cuspids  assist 
the  impression  made  by  the  laterals,  being  rather  narrow  and  having  the  point 
of  the  cusps  well  to  mesial. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97 
to  form  14's.  Plain  lower  mould  67  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with 
this  mould. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  but  slightly  less  than  medium 
width,  with  rounding  lines  and  plump  features.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  GVj  mm.  below  the  surface  of 
the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9  mm.  in  laughing.  This  mould  dififers 
considerably  as  to  its  intentions  from  those  heretofore  described,  because 
it  is  intended  for  cases  where  vertical  absorption  of  the  ridge  is  considerable, 
but  where,  for  mechanical  reasons,  it  is  desired  to  use  a  short  bite  tooth.  In 
this  mould  the  long  shut  carries  the  incisal  edge  down  as  desired,  making 
the  short   bite  possible. 

The  ridge-lap  is  such  that  the  tooth  will  set  somewhat  in  front  as  well 
as  somewhat  under  the  ridge,  its  thickness  taking  the  place  of  an  undesirable 
bulk  of  rubber,  and  the  labial  surface  bulging  to  harmonize  with  full  features. 
The  laterals  may  be  set  in  the  ordinary  fashion,  or  lend  themselves  readily 
to  being  set  with  sHghth^  more  slant  than  the  centrals,  as  lap-laterals. 


MOULD  22.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  2/3  mm.,  width  7  2/3  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
44-45  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  103-104  mm.  Deep  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

Of  nearly  medium  length  and  full  medium  width.  Flas  greatest  width 
in  incisal  third  with  ciuite  straight  mesial  surfaces  and  rounding  distal  surfaces. 
Wide  necks  which  show  but  little  space  between  centrals.  Collar.  Laterals 
and  cuspids  of  good  widths  in  proportion  to  centrals. 

The  anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97  to  form  full 
14's,  and  articulate  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  slightly  less  than  medium  length  and  full  medium 
width,  so  that  they  look  wide  in  proportion.  For  those  faces  which  carry  their 
width  down  by  rather  straight  cheeks  and  present  wide  chins.  This  is  a  rather 
thick  mould  intended  to  set  more  in  front  of  the  gum  than  under  it.  For  cases 
where  the  absorption  has  taken  a  form  which  thinned  the  ridge  linguo-labially. 
and  some  fdling  in  is  necessary  to  bring  the  lip  to  proper  position.  Should  be 
used  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about  6  mm. 
below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm. 

77 


70  * 


MOULD  70.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  1/2  mm.,  width  7  1/3  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  Zy^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors 
44  mm.    Approximate  width  full  14,  99  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  mould  and  mould  21  illustrate  how  two  moulds  may  have  practically 
the  same  measurements  and  yet  be  entirely  unlike  in  appearance,  due  to  differ- 
ences in  outline.  A  little  comparison  of  these  moulds  as  shown  in  the  illustra- 
tions will  be  profitable. 

In  length  and  width  the  centrals  of  the  two  moulds  are  practically  alike. 
Mould  21  carries  its  width  well  up  into  the  cervical  third,  presenting  a  wide 
neck  with  little  space  between  the  necks  of  the  centrals  when  in  place.  It 
gives  an  impression  of  up-and-down  squareness. 

Mould  70  is  intended  to  set  on  more  of  a  slant,  has  its  greatest  width  in 
the  incisal  third  and  the  approximal  surfaces  begin  at  once  to  converge  toward 
comparatively  narrow  necks  which  leave  quite  a  space  between  the  two  cen- 
trals. 

The  thickness  of  the  anteriors  in  the  two  moulds  is  about  the  same  but  the 
outline  illustrations  show  that  the  ridge-lap  in  mould  70  is  so  much  more  per- 
pendicular that  the  tooth  is  not  calculated  to  set  under  the  ridge,  but  almost 
entirely  in  front  of  it.     The  labial  surfaces  are  consequently  more  bulging. 

The  anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to  form  full 
14's.  Plain  lower  mould  70  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  about  the  same  width  through  the  Malar  bones 
as  mould  21  but  narrower  below  that..  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle 
of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about  6  mm.  below  the  ridge,  but  the  ridge  is 
thin  enough  to  require  bulk  to  labial.  This  mould  is  for  faces  in  medium  flesh. 
Its  surfaces  are  too  bulging  and  its  curves  too  rounding  to  harmonize  with  a 
face  so  thin  as  to  be  lanky  or  angular. 


MOULD.  11.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2% 
mm.,  shut  2^  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approxima:te  width  6  anteriors,  43  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  102  mm.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

A  very  dainty  mould.  The  centrals  have  their  greatest  width  at  the 
junction  of  the  middle  and  cervical  thirds.  Necks  medium  wide,  and  well 
separated.  Labial  surfaces  flat.  The  cuspids  are  wide  in  proportion  to  the 
centrals,  and  the  labial  surfaces  are  more  bulging. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  97  to 
form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 


Indications.  For  faces  of  less  than  medium  length,  with  oval  chin  and 
rather  flat  curves.  For  faces  where  the  features  are  not  plump  and  rounded. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  5J/2 
mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm.  in  laughing. 


m 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.,  shut  2  mm.,  ridge-lap  6  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  103  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

This  mould  is  distinguished  by  the  fact  that  all  the  otlier  teeth  are  small 
as  compared  with  the  centrals.  The  centrals  carry  their  width  well  into  the 
middle  third,  and  taper  to  mediumly  rounded  necks.  They  are  made  to  set  on 
a  very  slight  slant  to  the  ridge. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  medium  long  faces,  of  less  than  medium  width  with 
rather  narrow  chins  and  rather  flat  features.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal 
angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  iVz  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and 
the  lip  is  raised  about  9  mm.  This  means  that  the  ridge  would  not  show  much 
vertical  absorption  but  might  show  a  good  deal  of  linguo-labial  absorption. 
This  mould  is  intended  to  set  in  front  of  the  ridge  and  supply  bulk  in  cases 
where  bulk  is  necessary. 


19 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  combined  anteriors, 
43  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  104  mm.  Quite  a  deep  collar.  Ana- 
tomical bicuspids  and  molars. 

A  mould  which  taken  by  itself  looks  larger  than  measurements  indicate 
owing  to  the  fact  that  the  centrals  seem  large  in  proportion  to  the  laterals  and 
cuspids.  The  centrals  have  their  greatest  width  just  above  the  incisal  edge,  and 
when  the  collar  is  covered  with  rubber,  show  quite  a  space  between  the  necks. 
The  necks  are  medium  wide,  and  the  distal  surfaces  quite  straight.  The 
laterals  are  quite  long  and  narrow,  and  the  cuspids  are  not  large. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  inould  67. 

Indications.     For  faces  of  medium  length  and  practically  medium   width 

79 


which  carry  their  width  well  down  to  an  oval  chin.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the 
ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9^  mm.  in  laughing.  For  cases  where  the 
ridge  shows  less  absorption  than  inould  37.  The  hollow  ridge-lap  allows  this 
tooth  to  set  quite  well  under  the  ridge,  and  yet  extend  the  porcelain  up  to  the 
high  line.  This  is  rather  a  thick  mould  and  the  pins  will  reach  well  into  the 
plate. 


MOULD  90.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  105^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42  to 
43  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  103-104  mm.  Collar  quite  marked  in  the 
anteriors.      Anatomical   bicuspids   and   molars. 

A  Haskell  mould. 

The  centrals  have  their  greatest  width  in  the  upper  part  of  the  incisal 
third,  and  taper  at  the  necks,  which,  when  the  collar  is  covered,  are  quite 
narrow. 

The  distal  surface  is  noticeably  rounding  with  a  round  distal  angle. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     Articulates  with  anteriors  from  plain  lower  mould  67. 

Indicatione.  For  faces  of  medium  length  and  medium  width  in  the  upper 
parts.  Tapering  to  narrow  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of 
the  upper  trial  plate  comes  7^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip 
is  raised  about  93^  mm.  in  laughing.  This  mould  provides  for  considerable 
vertical  absorption  of  the  ridge,  without  the  use  of  the  unduly  long  bite.  When 
the  pins  rest  on  the  surface  of  the  ridge  this  mould  will  not  make  undue  bulk 
to  labial. 


MOULD  51.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
3  imm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42  or  43 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  103-104  mm.  Medium  collar.  A  lap  lateral 
mould.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  outlines  of  the  anteriors  in  this  mould  are  almost  identical  with  the 
outlines  of  mould  67,  save  that  the  dimensions  are  larger  and  that  the  disto- 
incisal  angle  of  the  lateral  is  not  cut  away  so  much. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  full  medium  length,  and  nearly  full  medium 
width.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  come? 
lYz  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  10  mm.  when 
laughing. 

80 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM    LONG    AND    MEDIUM    WIDE 


13    H 


m^m 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  1/3  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  3%  mm.:  ridge-lap  3^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  43  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  104  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids  and 
molars. 

A  wider  and  stronger  mould  than  11,  much  thicker,  having  its  greatest 
width  in  the  incisal  third,  with  sharp  mesio-incisal  angles,  and  nearly  straight 
incisal  edges.  The  width  is  carried  up  to  comparatively  wide  necks  which, 
however,  are  much  less  square  when  the  collars  are  covered  with  rubber,  than 
on  the  wax. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.    Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  slightly  less  than  medium  width 
with  strong  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial 
plate  comes  about  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm  , 
and  the  anteriors  may  with  advantage  set  partly  under  the  ridge,  instead  of  in 
front  of  it  as  in  moulds  4  and  11.  In  such  cases  this  mould  will  supply  the 
necessary  bulk  to  cover  the  ridge,  without  using  an  undue  amount  of  rubber. 


MOULD  20.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  1/3 
mm.,  bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  an- 
teriors, 44  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  105  mm.  No  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  width  of  the  anteriors  in  this  mould  is  a  trifle  less  than  medium,  but 
the  width  of  the  molars  is  such  that  it  must  be  considered  a  medium  mould 

The  centrals  are  slightly  less  than  medium  wide,  having  their  greatest 
width  in  the  incisal  third,  and  sloping  to  medium  wide  necks.  The  distal 
surface  and  disto-incisal  angle  are  noticeably  rounded.  The  cuspids  are  notice- 
ably long  in  proportion  to  the  centrals,  and  are  of  good  width. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  39. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  width  in  the  upper  part  sloping  to 
medium  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate 
comes  about  6^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised 
about  9  mm.,  and  where  the  anteriors  need  to  set  in  front  of  the  ridge. 

81 


N_^        X^ ^ 


MOULD  88.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  1/3  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

One  of  the  shortest  of  the  medium  long,  medium  wide  moulds.  The  an- 
teriors have  rather  straight  mesial  surfaces,  which  carry  their  width  well  up 
to  wide  necks,  leaving  small  interdental  spaces. 

All  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  quite  wide. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  10. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  not  more  than  medium  length,  of  good  compara- 
tive width,  such  as  would  be  apt  to  be  found  in  fleshy  people  of  medium  height 
or  a  trifle  less.  For  cases  where  the  opening  of  the  mouth  is  slightly  wider  than 
ordinary;  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about 
7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9  mm.  Such 
cases  usually  have  broad  ridges,  and  require  a  thick  mould  of  teeth.  This 
mould  just  meets  such  needs. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7%  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriors, 
44  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  105  mm.  Collar,  Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

The  typical  medium  mould.  The  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  medium  in 
width  and  length,  the  greatest  width  being  in  the  incisal  third,  and  tapering 
to  medium  wide  necks.  When  the  collar  is  covered  by  rubber,  there  will  be 
sufficient  interdental  spaces.  The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  in  good  proportion 
to  the  centrals. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  39. 

Indications.  For  the  general  run  of  faces  which  show  medium  length  and 
width,  this  mould  will  be  found  more  serviceable  than  any  other  single  mould. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes 
about  6^/2  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm.  in 
laughing.  Owing  to  the  form  of  the  ridge-lap  this  tooth  is  valuable  in  cases 
where  the  ridge  is  thin  and  it  is  necessary  to  have  some  bulk  to  labial. 

This  mould  should  form  part  of  every  quantity  order. 

82 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm,,  shut  2^^  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriors, 
45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Collar.  Anatomical  bicus- 
pids and  molars. 

One  of  the  shorter  of  the  medium  moulds.  Has  its  greatest  width  in  the 
incisal  third  and  tapers  to  a  neck  slightly  narrower  than  medium.  When 
the  neck  is  covered  with  rubber,  there  will  be  medium  wide  interdental 
spaces.     The  cuspids  are  medium  in  all  respects. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  39. 

Indications.  For  faces  slightly  narrower  than  mould  5,  of  medium  width 
in  the  upper  part,  but  tapering  to  chins  slightly  narrower  than  medium. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about 
51/^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm.  in  laughing. 


./TTk  /tr\. 


\mii^'%^' 


MOULD  23.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  73^  mm., 
bite  2%  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4^  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriors, 
45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  No  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

Owing  to  the  fact  that  this  mould  is  quite  wide  in  proportion  to  its  length, 
the  centrals  look  shorter  than,  they  really  are.  The  anteriors  of  this  mould 
set  on  a  very  slight  mesial  slant,  and  have  wide  necks.  The  cuspids  seem 
rather  small  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould   3. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  about  medium  length,  wide  in  proportion,  with 
rather  flat  curves.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate 
comes  about  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm. 
For  cases  where  the  tooth  needs  to  set  somewhat  in  front  of  the  ridge,  as 
well  as  beneath  it.     Suitable  for  plates  without  gums. 


ffl   ^v 


MOULD  7.     Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  1/3  mm.,  width  7^ 
mm.,  bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  1/3  mm.     Approximate  width  of  6 

83 


anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  mould  has  its  greatest  width  at  the  junction  of  the  incisal  and  middle 
thirds,  tapering  to  a  medium  wide  neck.  The  mesio-incisal  angle  of  the  central 
incisal  is  sharp  and  the  disto-incisal  angle  considerably  rounded.  The  incisors 
set  on  quite  a  slant  with  the  ridge,  leaving  a  wide  interdental  space.  The 
laterals  are  slightly  narrower  than  in  mould  6.  The  cuspids  are  medium  in 
all  respects. 

The  anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  67. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  good  width  in  the  upper  part,  tapering  by 
rounding  curves  to  medium  wide  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle 
of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  7^  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised 
about  9  mm.  The  form  of  the  ridge-lap  is  such  that  this  mould  will  set  con- 
siderably in  front  of  the  ridge.  This  makes  it  valuable  in  cases  where  the 
ridge  is  thin. 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  lOJ^  mm.,  width  7^ 
mm.,  bite  3  1/3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  ^Yz  mm.  Approximate  width  of 
6  anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Collar.  Ana-» 
tomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

When  separated  from  other  moulds,  the  outlines  of  the  anteriors  of  this 
mould  seem  long  and  narrow  with  fiat  curves,  and  flat  labial  surfaces.  Their 
greatest  width  is  at  the  upper  part  of  the  incisal  third,  and  the  necks  are  quite 
wide. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  39. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  'but  a  little  narrow  in  propor- 
tion, with  flat  curves,  and  holding  their  width  well  toward  the  chin.  For  faces 
where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  6^  mm.  below  the 
surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9>4  mm. 


MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  lOYz  mm.,  width  7  2/3 
mm.,  bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  zYz  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  an- 
teriors, 45  or  46  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106-107  mm.  No  collar. 
Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

A  most  excellent  medium  mould  in  all  dimensions,  differing  from  mould 
5,  which  is  the  standard  medium  mould,  principally  in  outline  and  the  fact  that 

84 


it  has  no  collar.  The  centrals  show  their  greatest  width  at  the  upper  part  of 
the  incisal  third,  and  have  wide  necks,  leaving  narrow  interdental  spaces.  The 
laterals  are  as  long  as  the  centrals.  The  cuspids  are  of  medium  length,  with 
quite  sharp  cusps. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  39. 

Indications.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial 
plate  comes  7^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about 
9y2  mm.  When  the  pins  set  on  the  surface  of  the  ridge  this  mould  will  extend 
quite  well  under  the  ridge,  and  make  but  little  bulk  to  labial.  By  grinding, 
this  iridge-lap  can  easily  be  shaped  so  that  the  anteriors  will  set  almost  entirely 
beneath  the  ridge.  Suitable  for  plate  without  anterior  gums.  This  mould  will 
harmonize  with  a  very  large  number  of  faces  of  medium  length  and  width,  and 
it  is  suggested  that  dentists  who  do  not  care  to  take  the  trouble  to  select  a 
particular  mould  for  each  face  will  attain  good  results  in  a  majority  of  cases 
by  keeping  this  mould  and  mould  5  in  stock. 


9 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  2/3  mm.,  width  7  2/3 
mm.,  bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  2/3  mm.  Approximate  vsndth  of  6 
anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  vvidth  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  7^  mm.    Medium  collar.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  mould  is  middle  way  between  the  smallest  and  the  largest  in  this 
class.  It  has  a  strong  outline,  with  wide  neck,  and  shows  rather  wide  inter- 
proximal spaces  between  the  centrals.  The  centrals  are  made  to  set  on  a 
noticeable  slant  to  the  ridge.  The  laterals  are  of  good  size,  and  the  cuspids 
of  medium  size  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  com'bine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  A5. 

Indications.  This  mould  will  be  found  valuable  in  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about  7^  mm.  below  the  surface 
of  the  ridge,  but  where  from  mechanical  reasons,  such  as  the  elongating  of  the 
lower  incisors,  it  is  necessary  to  use  a  short  shut  and  long  bite. 

The  ridge-lap  is  not  much  hollowed,  and  sets  outside  the  ridge  as  well 
as  underneath  it.  For  faces  of  medium  length  rather  wide  in  the  upper  part, 
and  with  chins  of  good  width. 


MOULD   65.     Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  7^ 
mm.,  bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.     Approximate  width  of  6  an- 


teriors,  46  mm.    Approximate  width  of  full  14,  107  mm.     Collar.     Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

In  length  this  mould  is  half  way  between  the  longest  and  shortest  in  this 
medium  class.  The  anteriors  are  of  good  width,  gently  rounding  curves, 
and  show  medium  wide  interdental  spaces. 

The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  of  good  proportionate  width. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.  This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould 
51   to   form  28's. 

Indications.  Valuable  in  cases  where  the  ridge  is  long  in  proportion  to 
the  lip,  and  is  freely  exposed  in  laughing.  For  ridges  thick  from  lingual  to 
labial.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  come 
about  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  10  mm.  in 
laughing.  This  mould  will  harmonize  with  strong  faces  which  are  just  on  the 
border  line  between  medium  and  large. 


103 


MOULD  103.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11^  rnm.  plus,  width 
754  mm.,  bite  4  mm,,  shut  i%.  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  of 
6  anteriors,  47  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  108  mm.  No  collar.  Ana- 
tomical bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  mould  is  on  the  border  line  between  medium  and  large.  The  centrals 
have  their  greatest  width  in  the  incisal  third  and  taper  by  pleasing  curves  to 
medium  necks,  separated  by  wide  interdental  spaces.  The  laterals  and  cuspids 
are  narrow  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.     This  mould  articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  3. 

Indications.  For  faces  a  little  larger  than  medium,  with  medium  wide 
chins  and  sufficiently  plump  features  not  to  be  angular.  For  cases  where  the 
ridge  is  very  short,  and  the  lip  very  long,  so  that  the  labio-incisal  angle  of 
the  upper  trial  plate  comes  9  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the 
lip  is  raised  about  10^  mm.  The  short  ridge-lap  makes  it  possible  for  this 
tooth  to  set  almost  under  the  ridge,  and  it  will  be  found  valuable  in  many  cases 
of  marked  alveolar  absorption. 


,''    l~x 


.-^U^^vk^-U^ 


MOULiD  12.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  7  2/3 
mm.,  bite  3%  mm.,  shut  2]4.  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  46  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  107  mm.  Collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 


86 


This  is  one  of  the  larger  medium  moulds.  The  centrals  are  intended  to 
set  quite  perpendicular  to  the  ridge.  They  have  very  straight  approximal  sides, 
carrying  their  greatest  width  to  the  cervical  third.  The  laterals  are  intended 
to  set  on  more  of  a  slant  and  show  a  wider  interdental  space.  The  cuspids  are 
of  medium  size,  compared  with  the  centrals,  but  the  very  deep  collar  leaves  a 
rather  short  enamel  surface.     All  the  anteriors  have  quite  bulging  surfaces. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to 
form  14's.    This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  mould  A5. 

Indications.  A  careful  study  of  the  relations  of  the  bite,  shut  and  ridge-lap 
as  shown  in  the  outline  figure  of  the  central,  indicate  that  this  mould  is  de- 
signed for  those  cases  where  the  upper  anteriors,  instead  of  sloping  downward 
and  outward  as  should  usually  be  the  case,  are  compelled,  by  the  smallness 
of  the  lower  arch,  to  set  straight  up  and  down,  or  downward  and  inward.  For 
strong,  heavy  faces,  most  often  male.  For  faces  where  the  labio-incisal  angle 
of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  6^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the 
lip  is  raised  about  10  mm. 


MOULD  47.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
2^  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
47  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  107-108  mm.  No  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  first  of  the  medium  length  moulds  which  is  more  than  medium  wide. 
Centrals  have  very  pleasing  outline.  Carry  their  width  up  through  the  middle 
third  and  taper  to  medium  necks  which  show  good  interdental  spaces.  Laterals 
long  in  proportion  to  centrals. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  anteriors  from  lower  mould  A5. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  rather  more  than  medium 
width  and  inclined  to  be  fleshy.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of 
the  upper  trial  plate  comes  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  but  the  lip  is 
raised  9^  mm.  The  ridge-lap  is  such  that  this  mould  extends  well  up  the 
labial  surface  of  the  ridge.     Suitable  for  plates  without  gums  in  front. 


MOULD  87.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  46  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  111  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

87 


A  very  pleasing  mould.  The  centrals  have  their  greatest  width  in  the 
incisal  third,  and  carry  it  well  up  but  round  off  to  mediuhi  necks.  Distal 
surfaces  rounding.  Laterals  have  same  general  outline  with  flatter  curves. 
Cuspids  have  narrow  necks  and  markedly  sloping  distal   surfaces. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100 
to  form  14's.  Plain  lower  mould  87  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with 
this  mould. 

Indications.  For  well  proportioned  faces  of  full  medium  length.  For 
cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  8^  mm. 
below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  tooth  needs  to  set  partly  under 
the  ridge.  This  mould  indicates  a  very  long  lip  or  marked  absorption.  The 
bite  is  long  and  avoids  undue  bulk  of  rubber  over  the  ridge. 


104 


mf^Y^^" 


W;' 


MOULD  104.  iDimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  8%  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,. 
48  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  113  mm.  No  collar.  Anatomical  bi- 
cuspids and  molars. 

One  of  the  larger  medium  moulds.  A  wide  mould  with  pleasing  anteriors. 
The  greatest  width  of  the  centrals  is  near  the  incisal  edge,  the  interdental 
space  quite  long,  the  necks  wide.  The  laterals  are  long  in  proportion  to  the 
centrals  and  have  narrow  necks. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  mould  103. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  full  medium  length  and  more  than  medium 
width,  rounding  to  ample  chins  and  showing  large  mouths.  For  cases  where 
the  ridge  from  tuberosity  to  tuberosity  permits  the  use  of  a  wide  mould. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  S^A 
mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  10  mm.  The  cen- 
tirals  may  set  nearly  under  the  ridge.  The  long  shut  makes  a  very  long 
bite  unnecessary. 


MOULD  78.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11^  mm.,  width  7%  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  i%^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
46  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  111  mm.  Rather  deep  collar.  Ana- 
tomical bicuspids  and  molars. 

One  of  the  most  popular  moulds  of  its  size.  The  anteriors  exhibit  their 
greatest  widths  just  above  the  incisal  edges,  and  taper  by  pleasing  curves  to 


medium  wide  necks.  This  mould  may  well  form  a  part  of  every  quantity 
order. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100 
to  form  14's.  Plain  lower  mould  78  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with 
this  mould. 

Indications.  For  faces  longer  than  medium  and  rather  narrow,  with 
pleasantly  rounded  features  and  medium  chin.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  7^  mm.  below  surface  of  ridge 
and  lip  is  raised  about  IOJ/2  mm. 


10    ^ 


MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11^  mm.,  width  7%  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  3%  mm.,  ridge-lap  4^4  rnrn.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
45  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  110  mm.  Rather  deep  collar.  Ana- 
tomical bicuspids  and  molars. 

Gracefully  tapering  outline  to  incisors,  medium  wide  necks  and  rather 
long  and  wide  interdental  space. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  mould  50. 

Indications.  For  rather  long,  narrow  faces.  For  use  where  the  lip  is  of 
medium  length,  and  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes 
about  8  mm.  below  surface  of  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  11  mm. 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  Z%  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  110  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  outlines  of  the  incisors  are  much  like  that  in  mould  78,  but  this 
mould  is  slightly  longer  and  a  trifle  narrower.  The  greatest  width  is  nearer 
the  incisal  edge. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  mould  51. 

Indications.  For  long  faces  of  medium  width,  where  the  greatest  width 
is  near  the  forehead.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper 
trial  plate  comes  about  7^/2  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge,  and  lip  is  raised 
about  11   mm.     The  short  shut  permits  making  a  plate  thin   over  the  ridge. 

S9 


LONG  MOULDS. 


(ifT}  O 


MOULD  45.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  S%  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3^4  mm.,  ridge-lap  5^^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
49  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  114  mm.  Medium  collar.  Anatomical 
bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  proportions  of  the  anteriors  a^re  so  pleasing  as  to  make  the  mould 
seem  smaller  than  it  really  is.  It  is  really  an  excellent  medium  mould  slightly 
enlarged  in  all  dimensions. 

Anteriors  have  their  greatest  width  near  cutting  edge,  medium  necks  and 
leave  medium  interdental  spaces.     Rather  flat  labial  surfaces. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  mould  103. 

Indications.  For  well  proportioned  faces  of  more  than  medium  size. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  about 
7  or  7J/2'  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  about  11  mm.  in 
laughing.     This  mould  should  form  part  of  all  quantity  orders. 


MOULD  50.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
4f^  mm.,  shut  S%  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  47 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  109  mm.  Slight  collar.  Anatomical  bicuspids 
and  molars. 

The  length  of  the  anteriors  is  such  as  to  make  them  look  narrower.  The 
greatest  width  is  carried  up  through  the  middle  third.  Necks  are  quite  wide, 
the  interdental  spaces  small. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  A50 
to  form  14's.     Articulates  well  with  lower  mould  50. 

Indications.  For  very  long  faces  and  for  partial  cases  where  some  of  the 
anteriors  must  be  supplied  and  the  natural  teeth  show  recession  of  the  gums. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  the  upper  trial  plate  comes  8J/2  mm. 
below  the  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  12  mm. 

90 


— -^  V L- '    ^    A 


MOULD  93.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  8^  mm.,  bite 
4:%  mm,,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  49 
mm.    Approximate  width  full  14,  114  mm. 

A  very  long  mould,  only  slightly  over  medium  wide.  Has  its  greatest 
width  in  incisal  third  and  tapers  by  flat  curves  to  wide  necks. 

Anteriors  from  this  mould  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  93 
to  form  14's.  Plain  lower  mould  93  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this 
mould. 

Indications.  For  long  faces  and  cases  where  the  ridge  is  so  absorbed  or 
the  lip  so  long  that  the  incisal  edges  of  the  centrals  must  come  9  or  9}^  mm. 
below  surfaces  of  ridge.  Valuable  where  anteriors  must  be  replaced  under 
these  conditions.     Does  not  require  undue  bulk  of  rubber  over  ridge. 


91 


Twentieth  Century 
Vulcanite  Teeth. 

NOT   REGULARLY    COMPRISING   ANATOMICAL   BICUSPIDS 

AND    MOLARS 


PLAIN  UPPERS. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT     AND     NARROW. 


MOULD  32,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  1/3  mm.,  width  7}i  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  2/3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
44  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  104  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6^   mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  4i>4   mm.     Deep  collar. 

The  measurements  show  the  enamel  surface  of  the  centrals  to  be  nearly 
as  wide  as  it  is  long  but  the  very  decided  slant  on  which  the  anteriors  are  made 
to  set,  and  the  full  curves,  keep  the  mould  from  appearing  square.  Quite  a 
wide  interdental  space  shows  between  the  centrals.  Laterals  and  cuspids  are 
quite  wide  in  proportion  to  centrals. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  medium  long,  sharp,  prominent  cusps,  deep  sulci. 
Excellent  occlusal  surfaces.  Distance  from  pins  to  point  of  lingual  cusps,  short. 
Ridge-lap  long  and  hollow. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  70-10  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  slightly  less  than  medium  length,  but  of  medium 
width.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  eVa  mm.  below 
the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  8l^  mm. 


MOULD  73.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  1/3  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  44  to  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  112  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 5^^  mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm. 

92 


This  mould  would  be  classed  as  less  than  medium  wide  if  judged  by  the 
widths  of  the  incisors,  but  the  mesio-distal  diameters  of  the  bicuspids  and 
molars  so  extend  the  width  of  the  full  14  as  to  make  its  classification  under 
"Medium  Wide"  necessary. 

A  square  looking  mould  when  seen  on  the  wax  but  appearing  finite  dif- 
ferently when  the  deep  collar  is  covered  with  rubber  and  only  the  proper 
enamel  surface  is  exposed.  The  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  nearly  as  wide 
as  it  is  long.  This  mould  is  made  to  set  nearly  perpendicular  to  the  ridge,  has 
its  greatest  width  at  the  junction  of  the  cervical  and  middle  thirds.  The  out- 
line may  be  observed  in  the  illustration.  The  laterals  are  as  long  as  the  cen- 
trals but  the  mesial  surfaces  slope  away  more  as  they  go  cervically.  They 
have  an  extremely  deep  collar.  The  cuspids  are  but  little  longer  than  the 
centrals,  have  short,  wide  enamel  surfaces  and  very  deep  collars. 

Bicuspids  and  imolars.  Very  deep  collars  with  short,  well  rounded 
enamel  surfaces.  The  occlusal  surfaces  are  of  good  size  and  the  cusps  are 
well  marked,  especially  in  the  bicuspids.  The  bite  is  short,  the  shut  of  medium 
length  and  the  ridge-lap  medium  long  and  hollowed.  This  mould  is  a  trifle 
thicker  than  medium. 

The  anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  moulds  72-,36-32-70  to 
form  full  14's  and  articulate  well  with  lower  mould  73  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  The  impression  one  gains  from  this  mould  is  one  of 
strength.  It  is  indicated  for  short,  wide  faces,  especially  male,  where  it  must 
resist  a  powerful  thrust  from  the  lower  teeth.  To  increase  its  resistance  it 
is  given  the  deep  collar  and  strong  support  by  the  rubber.  Would  be  useful 
where  the  lower  anteriors  remain  and  have  been  worn  down  by  the  force  of 
occlusion. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT  AND  WIDE. 


43 


MOULD  43.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9}i  mm.,  width  8  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3M  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
47  to  48  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  113  to  114  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  6^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5%  mm. 
No  collar. 

The  anteriors  present,  for  so  wide  a  mould,  a  very  pleasing  outline.  The 
mesial  surfaces  round  so  as  to  separate  the  mesio-incisal  angles  of  the  cen- 
trals and  to  leave  quite  a  long  interdental  space.  The  disto-incisal  angles 
are  noticeably  rounded.  The  centrals  are  made  to  set  on  quite  a  slant  to 
the  ridge. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size  compared  with  the  cen- 
trals. The  cusps  are  rounding  and  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  molars  are  such 
that  they  will  articulate  with  teeth  having  very  short  bites,  or  natural  teeth 
which  are  a  good  deal  worn. 

93  .    . 


Plain  lower  mould  43  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  43-30  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  fleshy  faces  of  less  than  medium  length  with  rounding 
features.  If  the  pins  are  set  on  top  of  the  ridge  the  anteriors  will  not  make 
much  bulk  to  labial.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  is  about 
eVs  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  8  mm. 
Valuable  for  plates  without  gums   in  front. 


MOULD  94.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9M  mm.,  width  8^4  mm., 
bite  3^  mm.,  shut  3^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2M  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteri- 
ors, 51  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  116  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  7^   mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5}^   mm.     Collar. 

A  short  mould  of  much  squarer  outline  than  mould  48.  When  the  collar 
is  covered,  the  enamel  surface  is  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  This  mould  is  shaped 
to  set  practically  perpendicular  to  the  ridge.  The  centrals  have  their  greatest 
width  in  the  middle  third.  The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  wide  in  proportion  to 
the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  not  noticeably  large  but  have  fairly  prom- 
inent cusps  with  deep,  well  defined  sulci.  This  mould  articulates  well  with 
lower  moulds  19-30  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  short  faces  of  great  width.  The  patients  for  whom 
this  mould  is  suitable  are  almost  certain  to  be  fleshy,  the  ridge  to  be  rather 
thick  linguo-labially  and  the  lip  thick  and  short.  These  patients  cannot 
usually  lift  the  lip  much  above  the  ridge  in  laughing.  This  mould  is  suitable 
for  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  7V2  mm.  below 
the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  8^/4  mm. 


9G®ffi 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm., 
bite  3%  mm.,  shut  3),i  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
43  to  44  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  105  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut 
of  central,  7}^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5},^  mm.  No 
collar. 

The  outlines  of  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  practically  what  the  out- 
lines of  the  centrals  in  mould  13  would  be  if  that  mould  had  no  collar. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  less  than  medium  long,  but  present  medium 
size  occlusal  surfaces  with  medium  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  They 
will  be  found  useful  in  moderately  close  bite  cases. 

The  indications  for  the  use  of  this  mould  are  practically  the  same  except 
that  it  is  more  available  for  plates  without  gums  in  front. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  2-3. 

94 


9933® 


MOULD  31.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  6  2/3  mm., 
bite  2  mm.,  shut  2  3^2  mm.,  ridge-lap  5^2  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
42  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  103  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  5  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Slight  collar  on 
anteriors. 

A  thin,  dainty  mould.  Centrals  have  greatest  width  in  incisal  third;  slope 
by  pleasing  curves  to  medium  necks.  Laterals  quite  wide  at  cutting  edge; 
have  narrow  necks.  Anteriors  show  medium  wide  interdental  spaces.  Pos- 
teriors are  without  collar,  are  of  medium  length,  have  rounding  buccal  sur- 
faces, medium  prominent  cusps,  and  deep   sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  7-17. 

Indications.  For  rather  small  and  dainty  faces  such  as  women  of  small 
stature  and  nervous  temperament  frequently  present.  For  cases  where  the 
labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  5  mm.  below  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is 
raised  about  9   mm. 

By  grinding  of  the  slight  collar  on  the  anteriors  this  mould  can  readily 
be  adapted  for  plates  without  anterior  gums,  a  use  for  which  the  form  of 
ridge-lap  peculiarly  adapts  it. 

fflffl" 


MOULD  41.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm., 
bite  2^^  mm.,  shut  ZYz  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  of  com- 
bined anteriors,  43  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  103  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut  of  central,  51>i  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
4J^  mm.    Collar. 

When  seen  by  itself  this  mould  seems  to  be  medium  wide.  The  centrals 
have  their  greatest  width  in  the  middle  third,  and  carry  it  well  upward  to 
wide  necks  which  look  wider  when  seen  on  the  wax,  because  of  the  collar. 
The  laterals  are  nearly  as  long  as  the  centrals  and  present  much  the  same 
outline. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  long,  and  but  for  the  collar,  have  narrow 
necks.  The  buccal  surfaces  are  bulging  with  a  well  marked  ridge,  quite 
sharp  cusps,  good  occlusal  surface,  and  well  defined  sulci.  The  molars  are 
fairly  long,  with  strongly  marked  buccal  surfaces  and  good  occlusal  surfaces 
with  sharp  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  7-8. 

Indications.  For  medium  long  faces,  of  nearly  medium  width,  rather 
full  in  the  lower  third.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
5^2  nam.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9  mm.  in 
laughing.  The  slope  of  the  ridge-lap  is  such  that  it  will  set  partly  under  the 
ridge  and  partly  in  front  of  it. 

95 


MOULD  37.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  1/3  mm.,  width 
7  mm.,  bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  1/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width 
combined  anteriors,  43  to  44  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  104  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
5  mm.     No  collar. 

The  anteriors  of  this  mould  present  a  singularly  pleasing  outline.  The 
centrals  have  their  greatest  width  at  the  middle  third,  carried  to  a  medium 
wide  neck,  with  a  beautiful  curve,  have  a  bulging  distal  surface  and  a  round- 
ing disto-incisal  angle.  The  laterals  show  the  same  general  outline  though 
possibly  a  little  straighter,  and  the  same  is  true  of  the  cuspids. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length  with  gently  bulging  buccal  surfaces, 
medium  large  occlusal  surfaces,  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The  molars 
are  medium  long,  with  fine  occlusal  surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  3-2  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  nearly  medium  width,  and 
symmetrical  oval  outline.  It  is  suggested  that  this  mould  is  more  suitable 
for  people  whose  faces  have  not  yet  begun  to  show  the  marks  of  age.  For 
cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of 
the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm.  in  speaking  and  laughing.  Such  cases 
show  considerable  vertical  absorption,  but  the  medium  long  shut  makes  it 
possible  to  get  the  necessary  length  with  a  slightly  less  than  medium  bite. 
The  ridge-lap  is  such  that  this  mould  will  set  partly  under  the  ridge,  and  may 
be  ground  so  that  it  will  set  more  so. 


MOULD  30.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  3 1^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  42  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  100  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7 
mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.     No  collar. 

Outlines  of  centrals  like  mould  19,  as  per  illustration,  save  that  this  mould 
has  no  collar  and  the  incisal  edges  are  more  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the 
long  axes  of  the  teeth. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  long  and  narrow  with  quite  straight  buccal  surfaces 
and  small  occlusal  surfaces.  Quite  thick  lingual  cusps.  These  bicuspids  and 
molars  could  not  be  used  where  the  bite  in  this  region  is  close. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  3-2. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  with  oval  outlines,  and  with 
medium  wide  chin,  and  where  it  is  desired  to  make  a  plate  without  gums  in 
front,   or  is  not  thought  necessary  to   support   the   cervical   end   of   the   teeth 

96 


deeply  in  the  rubber.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9V2  mm.  in 
laughing.  In  cases  where  there  is  considerable  vertical  absorption  of  the 
ridge  in  front,  the  length  of  the  shut  permits  carrying  the  incisal  edge  down 
to  the  rest  line  without  using  an  unusually  long  bite. 


27 


MOULD  27.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^2  mm.,  width  6^2  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  40 
or  41  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  100  or  101  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  8^^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Quite 
a  deep  collar. 

This  is  a  lap  lateral  mould,  and  is  intended  to  assist  the  dentist  in  getting 
away  from  the  strictly  regular  setting  of  artificial  teeth  which  is  too  general- 
ly employed.  The  laterals  are  made  to  laf)  the  distal  angles  of  the  centrals, 
which  round  away  to  facilitate  this  setting.  The  enamel  surface  of  the  cen- 
trals is  of  slightly  less  than  medium  length,  and  quite  narrow.  The  greatest 
width  lies  at  the  junction  of  the  middle  and  incisal  thirds  and  when  the  col- 
lar is  covered  with  rubber,  there  is  sufficient  space  between  the  necks.  An 
accurate  idea  of  the  laterals  can  best  be  gained  by  studying  the  illustrations. 
The  cuspids  are  of  medium  length  and  width  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  length,  have  narrow  necks,  and 
occlusal  surfaces  of  good  size  and  well  marked. 

Plain  lower  mould  25  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  7-17  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  narrow  faces  of  medium  length  or  slightly  less,  and 
tapering  to  oval  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
about  8^^  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  9%  mm. 
in  laughing.  For  cases  where  there  is  considerable  absorption  of  ridge  and 
a  tooth  of  medium  shut  must  be  employed  to  carry  the  incisal  edge  down  to 
the  rest  line  without  undue  length  of  bite.  This  should  receive  attention 
from  the  dentist,  since  the  shape  of  the  laterals  permits  many  different  ar- 
rangements of  the  anteriors.  In  setting  this  mould  both  laterals  should 
not  be  set  in  the  same  position,  but  varying  degrees  of  slant  and  lapping  may 
be  employed  with  decided  artistic  advantage. 


MOULD  91.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  6  94  mm., 
bite  2  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  6  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
42  to  43  mm.     Approximate  width  full  14,  99.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of 

97 


central,   5%    mm.    Required   vertical   space   second   molar,   5%    mm.    Medium 
deep  collar. 

An  extremely  short  bite  mould.  The  outline  of  the  central  is  long  and 
narrow,  with  medium  wide  neck,  and  the  distal  angle  considerably  rounded. 
The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  in  excellent  proportion  to  the  centrals.  The 
anterior  teeth  present  flat  labial  surfaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  short  cusps  and  well 
defined  sulci. 

Plain  lower  .mould  91  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  91-2  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length  but  less  than  medium  width, 
and  tapering  gently  to  chins  of  medium  width.  For  cases  where  the  ridge 
is  long  in  proportion  to  the  lip,  so  that  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
only  5^^  ,mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge.  Valuable  in  those  cases  where 
the  lip  is  raised  high  in  laughing,  since  if  the  pins  are  set  on  the  ridge,  this 
tooth  will  cover  a  space  10'  mm.  long.  The  form  of  ridge-lap  leaves  quite  a 
bulk  to  labial,  which  is  sometimes  desirable. 


ffiQ3" 


MOULD  72.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  T^  mm,, 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriors, 
47  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  115  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central  6%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  S^-^  mm.  Very  deep 
collar. 

The  outlines  of  all  teeth  of  this  mould  are  so  much  like  those  in  imould 
73,  that  it  is  unnecessary  to  describe  them  further  than  to  say  that  they  are 
larger  in  every  dimension.  A  reading  of  the  description  of  mould  73  and  the 
comparison  of  the  dimensions,  will  furnish  all  necessary  information. 

Plain  lower  mould  72  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Lower  moulds  72-73  articulate  well  with  this  mould. 


MOULD  24.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10^4  mm.,  width 
7  mm.,  bite  3  1/3  mm.,  shut  3  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  Z^  mm.  Approximate 
width  of  6  anteriors,  43  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  107  or  108  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7}>i  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second 
molar,  5  mm.    Collar. 

A  very  pleasing  mould  and  suitable  for  a  large  number  of  cases.  The 
centrals  have  their  greatest  width  at  the  junction  of  the  incisal  and  middle 
thirds,    and    the    mesial    surfaces    bulge    so    that    the    mesio-incisal    angles    are 


98 


slightly  separated.  The  laterals  are  rather  small  in  proportion  to  the  cen- 
trals. The  cuspids  are  of  medium  size.  This  mould  has  its  greatest  thickness 
in  the  cervical  third,  and  in  this  section  the  anteriors  present  quite  bulging 
labial  surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  mould  1  to  form  28's. 

The  bicuspids  in  this  mould  are  short,  narrow  mesio-distally,  with  round- 
ing cusps,  and  well  defined  sulci. 

The  molars  are  short,  but  have  very  large  occlusal  surfaces  with  deep 
sulci. 

Indications.  Well  suited  to  pretty,  rounding  faces  of  medium  length 
and  plump  features.  For  cases  where  the  smallness  of  the  lower  arch 
demands  that  the  upper  anteriors  shall  be  perpendicular  instead  of  pointing 
outward,  as  is  normally  the  case.  The  thickness  of  this  mould  in  the  cervical 
third  helps  achieve  this  result  in  an  artistic  manner.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  TVa  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and 
the  lip  is  raised  9V2  rnm. 


MOULD  79.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10^^  mm.,  width  7  2/3 
mm.,  bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  S],^  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  45  or  46  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  108  or  109  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  J^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
5%   mm.     Collar. 

A  strictly  medium  mould,  the  centrals  showing  good  breadth  with  round- 
ing curves.  They  have  their  greatest  width  at  the  junction  of  the  incisal  and 
middle  thirds.  The  mesio-incisal  angles  are  separated  and  interdental  spaces 
of  good  width  show  between  the  necks.  The  laterals  are  practically  as  long 
as  the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length,  with  good  occlusal  surfaces,  promi- 
nent cusps  and  well  defined  sulci.  The  molars  are  shorter  and  show  a  shorter 
bite.     The  lingual  cusps  on  the  posterior  are  quite  thick. 

Plain  lower  mould  79  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  79-5  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length  and  good  width,  with  plump 
features.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  7%  mm. 
below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  9V2  mm. 


MOULD  39.    Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  2/3  mm.,  width  lYz 
mm.,  bite  2  2/3  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.     Approximate  width  of  6 

•  99 


anteriors,  43  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  103  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Slight 
collar, 

A  lap  lateral  mould,  rather  thick.  The  centrals  have  bulging  labial  sur- 
faces and  wide  necks  giving  an  immediate  impression  of  strength.  The 
laterals  are  marked  by  narrow  necks,  and  pronounced  mesio-incisal  angles 
to  permit  setting  them  as  lap  laterals.  The  cuspids  are  rather  narrow  in  pro- 
portion to  the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  rounding  cusps  and 
fairly  well  defined  sulci.  The  buccal  surfaces  of  the  bicuspids  are  quite  bulg- 
ing. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  8-2  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  7 
mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  10  mm.  in 
laughing.  For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  thin,  and  bulk  is  needed  labially.  The 
form  of  the  ridge-lap  is  such  that  it  extends  well  up  in  front  of  the  ridge. 

A  mould  well  suited  for  male  faces  of  medium  dimensions  and  rather 
strong  features.  The  lap  lateral  in  this  mould  makes  it  easier  to  secure  an 
artistic  setting  than  would  be  the  case  with  ordinary  laterals. 


/~"4»* \  25 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  2/3  mm.,  width 
7  2/3  mm.,  bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  2/3  mm.  Approximate  width  of 
6  anteriors,  44  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  107  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  6^^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5^^  mm. 
Collar. 

This  mould  verges  a  little  towards  those  having  wide  anteriors.  The 
centrals  have  their  greatest  width  in  the  incisal  third,  carried  by  rather  flat 
curves  to  rather  wide  necks.  They  are  made  to  set  on  something  of  a  mesial 
slant,  and  when  the  collars  are  covered  show  medium  interdental  spaces.  The 
laterals  and  cuspids  are  in  excellent  proportion.  All  the  anteriors  present 
rather  flat  labial  surfaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  without  collars,  are  quite  long  in  proportion 
to  the  anteriors  and  present  good  size  occlusal  surfaces,  with  well  defined 
cusps  and  sulci. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  thick  lingual  cusps  to  permit  grinding. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  5-3  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  rather  wide  faces  of  medium  length,  with  wide  chins 
and  flat  curves.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  GVg 
mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  10  mm. 

100  • 


92 


MOULD  92.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  10  2/3  mm.,  width 
7  2/3  mm.,  bite  4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  2/3  mm.  Approximate  width  of 
6  anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  110  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  7%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  Very 
slight  collar. 

A  medium  length  mould  of  good  width  which  tapers  to  necks  narrower 
than  medium,  leaving  wide  interdental  spaces.  Owing  to  the  thickness  of  the 
mould,  the  labial  surfaces  are  rather  bulging.  This  is  especially  marked  in  the 
cuspids. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 
The  mesial  half  of  the  occlusal  surface  of  the  first  bicuspid  slopes  cervically 
as  it  nears  the  mesial  surface,  so  that  the  buccal  cusps  of  the  opposing  lower 
bicuspids  may  drive  the  upper  plate  upward  and  backward.  The  molars  are  of 
medium  length  and  have  an  almost  horizontal  ridge-lap.  They  are  fitted  to 
set  on  top  of  the  ridge. 

Plain  lower  mould  92  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  92-5  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length  and  good  width,  rather  rounding 
features  and  rather  pointed  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of 
bite  comes  about  TVs  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised 
about  10  mm.  The  short  ridge-lap  permits  the  central  to  set  almost  under  the 
ridge. 


40 


MOULD  40.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm,,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4^  mm.,  shut  2^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  44  or 
45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  105  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  7}^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5%  mm.    Collar. 

A  thick  mould  with  noticeably  thick  cuspids.  The  centrals  are  quite  nar- 
row in  proportion  to  their  length  and  carry  their  width  well  upward  to  wide 
necks.     Laterals  are  of  medium  size  in  proportion  to  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  size,  the  second  presenting  a  considerably 
larger  occlusal  surface  than  the  first.  The  molars  are  rather  small  in  propor- 
tion to  the  other  teeth. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  8-2  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  7^2  mm. 
below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  10  mm.  in  laughing. 
Especially  adapted  for  cases  where  it  is  desired  to  make  a  thin  plate  directly 
below  the  ridge,  or  where  the  lower  anteriors  come  close  to  the  upper  ridge, 
yet  the  upper  lip  hangs  far  down. 

101 


The  thickness  of  the  cuspids  lends  itself  to  an  artistic  arrangement  by  the 
dentist,  since  few  artificial  plates  are  sufficiently  prominent  in  the  cuspid 
region  to  restore  anything  like  a  normal  expression. 

At  the  same  time  they  will  accommodate  lower  cuspids  which  have  moved 
up  to  undue  prominence. 

The  outlines  of  the  anterior  teeth  harmonize  with  a  face  of  medium  length, 
nearly  medium  width,  and  medium  wide  chin. 


28 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  7y2  mm., 
bite  2  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  6  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6  anteriorsl,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  106  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 5J^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Collar. 

The  outlines  of  the  centrals  in  this  mould  are  characterized  by  rather 
straight,  approximal  surfaces  which  converge  to  medium  wide  necks.  The 
approximal  surfaces  of  the  laterals  and  cuspids  are  not  quite  so  straight. 

The  labial  surface  as  shown  in  this  outline  is  very  straight. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  short,  have  quite  prominent  buccal  surfaces, 
fairly  prominent  cusps,  and  well  defined  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  moulds  65-16  to  form  38's. 

Indications.  Suitable  for  faces  of  full  medium  length,  with  prominent 
bony  framework,  with  rather  thin  flesh,  so  as  to  be  what  is  commonly  known 
as  angular.  For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  fairly  long  so  that  the  labio-incisal 
angle  of  bite  comes  about  SVa  mm.  below  it,  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  10  mm. 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  T^ 
mm.,  bite  3  2/3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  1/3  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  109  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  7  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.    Collar. 

A  thick  bulging  mould.  Centrals  have  their  width  near  the  incisal  edge,  a 
rounding  outline  and  medium  wide  necks,  separated  by  interdental  spaces  of 
moderate  width.  The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  of  medium  size  in  proportion  to 
the  centrals.  All  the  anteriors  in  this  mould  are  intended  to  set  with  quite  a 
imesial  slant.  All  have  bulging,  labial  surfaces,  especially  the  cuspids,  in  which 
the  ridge  from  cusp  to  neck  is  decidedly  marked. 

The  bicuspids  are  narrow  mesio-distally. 

The  molars  have  large,  almost  square,  occlusal  surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  1-16  to  form  28's. 

102 


Indications.  For  plump  faces  of  medium  length  and  width.  Like  moulds 
13  and  24,  this  mould  is  intended  to  set  vertically  to  the  ridge  so  far  as  outward 
slant  is  concerned.  It  is  quite  a  thick  mould,  and  makes  less  rubber  necessary 
over  the  ridge  than  a  thinner  mould.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle 
of  bite  comes  about  7  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge,  and  the  lip  is  raised 
10  mm. 


Wj 


63 


MOULD  63.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  lYz 
mm.,  bite  2  1/3  mm.,  shut  2  2/3  mm.,  ridge-lap  6  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  44  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  103  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  5%  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.    Collar. 

A  flat  mould,  having  its  greatest  width  very  close  to  the  cutting  edge  and 
characterized  by  straight  mesial  surfaces  of  the  incisors,  with  very  flat  curves 
in  the  distal  surfaces.  This  leaves  a  wide  interdental  space  which  extends 
down  to  the  incisal  third. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  small  in  comparison  with  the  anteriors. 
The  first  bicuspid  presents  a  small  occlusal  surface,  the  second  bicuspid  a 
medium  sized  one.     Both  of  the  molars  are  narrow  linguo-bucally. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  8-7  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  full,  medium  length  or  more  with  large  bony 
development,  so  that  the  cheeks  are  inclined  to  be  flat.  For  cases  where  the 
ridge  and  lips  are  of  normal  length,  but  the  patient  has  the  habit  of  raising 
the  lip  high  on  the  ridge.  This  mould  may  be  used  with  advantage  where  the 
labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  5%  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  the  lip 
is  raised  about  10  mm. 


MOULD  46.  Dimensions  of  upper  centrals:  length  11 M  mm.,  width  7% 
mm.,  bite  3^  mm.,  shut  5^^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2M  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  44  to  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  105  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut  of  central,  9^^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5f^ 
mm.  Collar. 

Collar  more  noticeable  in  the  posteriors.  The  centrals  of  this  mould  carry 
their  width  so  far  cervically  as  to  make  them  square  looking.  They  are  made 
to  set  on  quite  a  mesial  slant  and  show  good  interdental  spaces.  The  laterals 
are  quite  narrow  in  proportion  to  the  centrals.  The  cuspids  are  of  medium 
width. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  good  length,  but  narrow  mesio-distally.  The  first  is 
smaller  than  the  second.  The  molars  are  rather  long  and  have  medium  sized 
occlusal  surfaces. 


10;5 


This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  3-5  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  length,  or  slightly  over,  which  carry 
their  width  well  down  toward  the  chin.  For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  very 
short,  and  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  QVs  mm.  below  it. 

While  the  length  of  the  centrals  of  mould  103  is  practically  the  same,  in 
this  mould  the  mechanical  requirements  differ  from  the  fact  that  mould  103 
shows  a  longer  bite,  with  not  so  long  a  shut.  This  mould  is  intended  for  cases 
when  the  distance  between  the  incisal  edges  of  the  lower  anteriors  and  the 
surface  of  the  upper  gum  is  at  least  6  mm. 


66  H 


66 


MOULD  66.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  1/3  mm.,  width  7M  mm., 
bite  S}^  mm.,  shut  41-4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  1/3  mm.  Approximate  width  of  6 
anteriors,  45  mm.  Approximate  width  of  full  14,  114  mm.  Combined  bite  and 
shut  of  central,  8^^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  No 
collar. 

The  narrowness  of  the  centrals  in  this  mould  would  entitle  it  to  a  place 
among  the  narrow  moulds,  but  the  width  of  the  full  14  classes  it  as  medium 
wide.  The  laterals  are  fully  as  long  as  the  centrals.  The  cuspids  are  long  and 
wide.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  large  in  all  diameters,  with  prominent 
cusps  and  very  deep  sulci.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  very  thick  lingual 
cusps,  which  permit  extensive  grinding. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  mould  66  to  form  28's. 

Indications.  For  cases  which  require  comparatively  narrow  front  teeth, 
but  large  bicuspids  and  molars.  Cases  sometimes  present  where  the 
mouth,  as  represented  by  the  opening  between  the  lips  is  small,  but  the  ridge 
is  very  long  from  tuberosity  to  tuberosity.  Sometimes  in  these  cases  teeth 
have  been  extracted  many  years,  and  the  ridge  is  extensively  absorbed.  The 
form  of  ridge-lap  fits  the  anteriors  to  set  partly  under  the  ridge,  and  to  carry 
the  incisal  edge  down  8%  rnm.  according  to  how  the  centrals  are  set.  For  cases 
where  the  high  line  is  about  lOVs  mm.  above  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite. 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  WIDE. 


75 


MOULD  75.    Dimensions  of  centrals:    length  9  2/3  mm.,  width  9  1/3  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  2/3  mm.    Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 

104 


50  mm.    Approximate  width  full  14,  116  mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 6}^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.     No  collar. 

The  centrals  are  nearly  as  wide  as  they  are  long.  The  greatest  width  is 
in  the  middle  third.  Necks  wide.  Interdental  space  short  and  narrow.  The 
laterals  show  straighter  outlines  than  the  centrals.  The  labial  surfaces  of  all 
the  anteriors  look  quite  flat. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length,  with  medium  size  occlusal  surfaces, 
prominent  cusps  and  medium  deep  sulci.  The  molars  are  of  medium  size,  short 
bite  and  medium  deep  sulci.  All  the  posteriors  have  collars  to  assist  in  their 
retention. 

Plain  lower  mould  75  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  69-19. 

Indications.  For  short  faces  of  great  proportionate  width.  Valuable  for 
plates  without  anterior  gums.  For  cases  where  the  length  of  lip  permits  the 
tooth  to  set  pretty  well  under  the  ridge.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal 
angle  of  bite  comes  about  QV^  mm.  below  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  9  mm. 


©e©® 


MOULD  71.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10 ^.^  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  108  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm. 
Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.     Collar.  ' 

The  centrals  show  a  rounding  outline  with  its  greatest  width  near  the 
middle  third.  Medium  wide  necks  with  medium  interdental  spaces.  Laterals 
are  small  and  present  outlines  similar  to  those  of  centrals  and  very  narrow 
necks.    Cuspids  of  good  size. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length,  have  small  occlusal  surfaces.  The 
molars  are  short.  The  first  molars  have  large  occlusal  surfaces  with  excellent 
markings.    The  seconds  are  not  so  large  but  are  equally  well  marked. 

Plain  lower  mould  71  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  5-6. 

Indications.  For  fleshy  faces  of  about  medium  length  but  wider  than 
medium,  with  chins  rather  narrow  in  proportion.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge  and  the 
lip  is  raised  about  QVa  mm. 


MOULD  69.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  2/3  mm.,  width  8*4  mm., 
bite  2%  mm.,  shut  Z%  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  2/3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteri- 
ors, 48  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  115  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  6^^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5%  mm.    Deep  collar, 

lO.T 


When  the  deep  collar  is  covered  with  rubber,  the  enamel  surface  of  the 
centrals  is  nearly  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  The  greatest  width  lies  at  the  junction 
of  the  incisal  and  middle  thirds;  the  mesio-incisal  angles  are  slightly  separated 
and  the  interdental  space  is  short  and  narrow.  The  laterals  have  a  similar  out- 
line, much  narrowed. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  long,  have  bulging  buccal  surfaces,  and  large 
occlusal  surfaces  showing  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The  molars  are 
short  with  good  size  occlusal  surfaces,  showing  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

Plain  lower  mould  69  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  75-19. 

Indications,  For  wide  faces  which  carry  the  width  well  down  into  the 
lower  third,  so  as  to  make  rather  square  outlines.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  bite  is  carried  about  6^/2  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge 
and  the  lip  is  raised  10  mm.  The  ridge-lap  is  sufficiently  hollow  to  carry  the 
pins  well  under  the  ridge. 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  7  2/3  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  4G 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  107  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5*^  mm.  Collar. 

A  rather  square  looking  mould  when  seen  on  the  wax,  where  the  collar  is 
exposed;  not  nearly  so  square  looking  when  the  collar  is  covered  with  rubber. 
Large  and  strong  looking  with  the  greatest  width  near  the  middle  third. 
Laterals  of  good  size  in  proportion  to  centrals.     Cuspids  seem  rather  small. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  small  in  proportion  to  centrals.  Cusps  rounding. 
The  sulci  are  fairly  well  defined  in  the  bicuspids  but  are  faint  in  the  molars. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  6-28. 

Indications.  Harmonizes  with  large,  strong  faces  in  medium  flesh.  For 
cases  where  the  mouth  is  wide  from  cuspid  to  cuspid.  Desirable  also  in  broad 
arches  where  small  posteriors  are  advised.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal 
angle  of  bite  comes  about  SVs  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is  raised 
about  10  mm. 


105 'i 


105 


MOULD  105.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  S^  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  47 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  116  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8%  mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.     No  collar. 

106 


The  outlines  and  dimensions  of  the  anteriors  in  this  mould  are  practically 
identical  with  those  in  mould  104  except  that  the  cuspids  are  narrower  and 
shorter,  making  the  width  of  the  combined  anteriors  less. 

The  bicuspids  are  larger  than  in  mould  104  and  the  molars  smaller.  The 
width  of  full  14  is  3  mm.  less  than  in  mould  104. 

Plain  lower  mould  105  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  101-104. 

Indications.  For  faces  similar  to  those  for  mould  104  with  smaller  mouths. 
For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  SVg  mm.  below  the 
surface  of  the  ridge. 


207 


MOULD  107.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11 M  mm.,  width  8 1.2  mm., 
bite  4J^  mm.,  shut  Z}^  mm.,  ridge-lap  3M  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
49  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  119  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 8^^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  G),^  mm.    No  collar. 

Outlines  of  anteriors  similar  to  those  in  mould  105,  save  on  a  larger  scale 
and  with  slightly  rounder  curves. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small  and  the  occlusal  surface  slopes  away  mesially 
so  that  the  impact  of  the  opposing  tooth  shall  drive  the  plate  up  and  back. 
The  second  bicuspid  is  of  medium  size.  Both  have  short  cusps  and  shallow 
sulci. 

The  molars  are  long  mesio-distally  and  greatly  increase  the  width  of  the 
full  14.    They  have  short  cusps  and  well  defined  sulci. 

Plain  lower  mould  107  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  104-101. 

Indications.  For  large  faces  with  wide  mouths,  and  medium  to  wide  chins. 
For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  long  between  tuberosities  and  there  is  consider- 
able absorption  or  a  long  lip  so  that  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about 
8V2  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge.  The  short  shut  avoids  bulk  of  rubber 
over  the  ridge,  and  the  long  bite  carries  the  cutting  edge  down  as  described. 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG   AND   MEDIUM   WIDE. 

The  narrowest  of  the  long  moulds  are  the  size  determined  as  medium  wide. 
This  is  sufficiently  narrow  for  upper  moulds  of  such  length  and  in  several  cases 
gives  a  very  narrow  appearance  as  will  be  seen  from  the  illustrations  of  moulds 
81,  8  and  38. 

The  first  five  moulds  here  described,  viz.,  Nos.  26,  81,  78,  10  and  8,  are 
practically  of  the  same  length.     They  differ  in  other  respects. 

107 


QQCTTO 


MOULD  26.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11^^  mm.,  width  7^^  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  5^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  106  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6%  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.    Deep  collar. 

But  little  larger  than  the  largest  of  the  "medium  long"  group.  Centrals 
show  very  pleasing  outline  which  makes  them  look  smaller.  Rather  narrow 
necks.  Interdental  space  rather  long  and  gracefully  tapering.  Laterals  of 
good  size  in  proportion  to  centrals.    Cuspids  medium. 

Bicuspids  are  quite  long.  The  first  bicuspid  has  a  rather  small  occlusal 
surface;  the  second  is  of  medium  size.  The  molars  are  rather  long  and  present 
medium  size  occlusal  surfaces.  The  cusps  in  bicuspids  and  molars  are  round- 
ing with  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  11-16. 

Indications.  For  faces  slightly  longer  than  medium  and  rather  narrow 
with  pleasantly  rounded  features  and  medium  chin.  For  cases  where  the  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  only  about  eVg  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge  and 
lip  is  raised  about  lOV^  mm. 


(6©© 

MOULD  81.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  11 J^  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite  5% 
mm.,  shut  S%  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Appproximate  width  full  14,  108  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
9H  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.    Collar. 

A  Haskell  mould. 

Of  the  same  length  and  width  as  mould  26,  but  is  much  thicker  linguo- 
labially,  has  a  long  bite,  longer  shut  and  very  much  shorter  ridge-lap.  The 
outline  of  the  incisors  is  more  bulging,  the  necks  narrower,  the  interdental 
space  longer  and  wider. 

The  bicuspids  are  much  larger  than  in  mould  26,  have  deep  sulci,  and 
rounding  cusps.  The  molars  are  of  medium  size  with  the  occlusal  surfaces 
similarly  marked. 

The  lingual  cusps  of  bicuspids  and  molars  are  very  thick  to  permit  grinding 
and  retain  strength. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  6-5. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  same  dimensions  as  described  under  mould  26, 
but  with  plumper  features.  For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  much  shorter  in  pro- 
portion to  the  lip  and  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  QVs  mm.  below  sur- 

108 


face  of  ridge,  while  the  lip  is  raised  about  lO'/a  mm.  Such  conditions  require 
a  tooth  to  set  almost  under  the  ridge,  which  this  mould  does.  The  long  bite 
and  short  shut  permit  meeting  these  conditions  without  making  a  bulky  plate. 


MOULD  76.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  7H  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  109  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8^ 
mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5%  mm.    Collar. 

The  outlines  of  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  like  those  of  mould  8,  save 
that  the  necks  are  narrower  and  the  curves  slightly  more  rounding. 

The  bicuspids  are  much  larger  than  in  mould  8,  have  narrow  necks  with 
faint  transverse  ridges,  bell  shaped  crowns,  medium  size  occlusal  surfaces, 
medium  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The  molars  show  these  character- 
istics, but  have  less  prominent  cusps. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  5-6-28-16. 

Indications.  For  faces  having  the  proportions  of  mould  8,  but  where  wider 
bicuspids  and  molars  are  indicated. 


MOULD  38.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  5%  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  105  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.     Collar. 

The  proportions  of  this  mould  make  it  look  narrow.  The  centrals  set 
quite  perpendicular  to  the  ridge,  have  flat  curves  and  carry  the  width  well  cer- 
vically  to  comparatively  wide  necks.     Laterals  show  same  characteristics. 

The  bicuspids  are  rather  short  with  deep  collars,  rounding  cusps,  deep 
sulci  and  medium  occlusal  surfaces.  The  molars  are  fairly  long,  with  well 
marked  buccal  surfaces  and  good  size  occlusal  surfaces  with  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  11-16. 

Indications.  For  long  narrow  faces  which  carry  their  width  well  down- 
ward by  rather  flat  curves.  For  cases  where  the  ridge  is  fairly  long  in  propor- 
tion to  the  lip  so  that  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  8%  mm.  be- 
low the  surface  of  the  ridge,  while  the  lip  is  raised  11  mm.  This  necessarily 
exposes  considerable  of  the  ridge  and  this  mould  covers  it  well. 

109 


56  *i 


MOULD  56.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  7%  mm.,  bite 
4i>^  mm.,  shut  3%  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  45 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  109  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8^i   mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.     Collar. 

A  Haskell  mould. 

The  outlines  of  all  the  teeth  of  this  mould  are  practically  the  same  as  in 
mould  81,  save  that  these  centrals  are  Vz  mm.  longer  and  all  the  anteriors  have 
narrower  necks. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  6-5. 

Indications,  This  mould  and  mould  81  form  excellent  examples  of  the 
mechanical  indications  for  selecting  between  moulds  of  the  same  length,  width 
and  outline. 

Mould  81  has  a  very  long  bite,  medium  shut  and  short  ridge-lap.  It  is  in- 
dicated where  the  lip  hangs  far  below  the  ridge. 

Mould  56  has  a  shorter  bite,  the  same  shut  and  a  longer  ridge-lap.  It  is 
indicated  where  the  ridge  is  longer  so  that  the  lip  does  not  hang  so  far  below 
it  when  at  rest,  but  exposes  more  ridge  when  raised  as  in  laughing.  Mould  56 
is  for  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  SVa  mm.  below  the  sur- 
face of  the  ridge  and  is  raised  about  11  mm. 


49 


MOULD  49.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  48  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  107  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7^ 
mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5"^^  mm.    Collar. 

A  flat  looking  mould.  Greatest  width  of  incisors  in  incisal  third.  Medium 
necks.    Rather  long  interdental  space.     Laterals  and  cuspids  of  good  size. 

Bicuspids  are  long,  with  narrow  necks,  marked  by  transverse  grooves  and 
medium  size  occlusal  surfaces  with  sharp  buccal  cusps  and  well  defined  sulci. 

Molars  have  small  occlusal  surfaces.  Markings  correspond  with  those  on 
bicuspids. 

Plain  lower  mould  49  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  16-6. 

Indications.  For  long  faces  rather  wide  at  the  upper  part  and  tapering  by 
flat  curves  to  medium  wide  chins.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of 
bite  comes  TVz  mm.  below  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  11  mm. 

110 


06 


MOULD  86.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  48  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  109  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  3.4 
mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7]^  mm.    Collar  in  the  anteriors. 

A  Haskell  mould. 

One  of  the  widest  of  the  medium  wide  moulds.  The  anteriors  carry  the 
width  into  the  middle  third,  have  wide  necks  and  show  narrow  interdental 
spaces. 

The  bicuspids  are  rather  short,  without  collar,  have  very  straight  buccal 
surfaces,  and  medium  size  occlusal  surfaces  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep 
sulci.  The  molars  are  of  good  proportionate  size  to  the  bicuspids.  Both  bicus- 
pids and  molars  have  thick  lingual  cusps  to  permit  grinding. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  6-5. 

Indications.  For  long  faces  of  good  width.  For  cases  where  lip  and  ridge 
are  of  good  proportionate  length  so  that  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
about  SVs  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge  and  the  lip  is  raised  about  11  mm. 


96   '; 


MOULD  96.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  S%  mm,,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  5f^  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  70 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  117  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut,  8J^  mm. 
Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6%   mm. 

The  anteriors  are  quite  large  as  seen  in  the  illustration,  but  when  the 
collar  is  covered  with  rubber,  they  look  much  smaller.  The  centrals  set  with 
a  pleasing  mesial  slant.  This  is  noticeably  increased  in  the  laterals.  If  the 
anteriors  are  set  to  bring  the  cutting  edges  in  proper  positions,  a  most  natural 
and  pleasing  arrangement  of  the  anteriors  will  be  secured. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  present  medium  size  occlusal  surfaces  with 
rather  shallow  sulci  and  medium  prominent  cusps. 

This  favors  easy  articulation  by  the  dentist. 

Ill 


Was  made  to  articulate  with  plain  lower  mould  No.  96.  Articulates 
also  with  plain  lowers  Nos.  12-18. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  more  than  medium  size  such  as  often  present 
with  people  of  large  frame  and  medium  flesh. 


MOULD  95.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  48  mm. 
Approximate  width  full  14,  113  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  9% 
mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7},^  mm.     Slight  collar. 

The  centrals  carry  their  width  cervically  by  quite  straight  approximal 
surface,  to  wide  necks.  They  show  very  small  interdental  spaces.  The 
laterals  are  of  good  size  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  long,  with  thick  lingual  cusps  over  pins. 
The  shut  is  long  and  the  ridge-lap  medium.  The  cusps  are  short  and  the 
sulci  shallow.     The  molars  have  very  short  cusps  and  shallow  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  95-12. 


MOULD  74.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13 ''^  mm.,  width  7  94  mm., 
bite  5  mm.,  shut  Z^i  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
46  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  108  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 9  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.     Deep  collar. 

The  anteriors  of  this  mould  have  their  greatest  widths  in  the  incisal  third 
and  taper  by  flat  curves  to  narrow  necks.    This  leaves  long  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  are  long,  narrow  mesio-distally,  have  narrow  necks,  prom- 
inent cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The  molars  are  similar  but  are  not  narrow  mesio- 
distally. 

Plain  lower  mould  74  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  6-16. 

Indications.  For  long  narrow  faces.  For  cases  where  the  lip  so  over- 
hangs the  ridge  as  to  bring  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  9  mm.  below 
surface  of  ridge,  and  where  the  lip  is  raised  13  mm.  Such  cases  present  to 
every  dentist  and  this  mould  greatly  assists  in  getting  artistic  results. 

112 


LONG    MOULDS. 

LONG  AND  WIDE. 


101 


101 


MOULD  101.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  8  3-^  mm., 
bite  ^%  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  21^2  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
49  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  115  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 10  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6 1.^   mm.     No  collar. 

Does  not  look  like  so  large  a  mould  as  it  really  is.  Anteriors  have  very 
pleasing  outlines,  with   medium  necks,  shapely  curves. 

First  bicuspid  is  small  and  the  occlusal  surface  slopes  away  to  mesial  so 
that  the  opposing  tooth  will  drive  the  plate  up  and  back.  Second  bicuspid  of 
medium  size  with  shallow  cusps  and  sulci.  Molars  are  long,  with  short  bite 
and  shallow  cusps  and  sulci.  Lingual  cusps  of  second  bicuspid  and  molars 
thick   over  pins. 

Plain  lower  mould  101  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Articulates  well  with  lower  moulds  107-18. 

Indications.  For  large,  well  proportioned  faces.  For  cases  where  the 
labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes  about  10  mm.  below  the  surface  of  ridge,  and 
anteriors  must  set  almost  under  ridge.  L^seful  where  anteriors  are  to  be  sup- 
plied in  cases  showing  marked  absorption.  The  bite  is  long  and  helps  avoid 
undue  bulk  of  rubber  over  ridge. 


ffi 


MOULD  64.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  9  mm.,  bite 
3i>^  mm.,  shut  Z}^  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
50  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  113  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  7  mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5^  mm. 

A  wide  looking  mould  of  pleasing  outline.  When  the  collars  of  the 
anteriors  are  covered  with  rubber,  the  necks  are  only  medium  wide,  and  leave 
well  shaped  interdental  spaces.  Disto-incisal  angles  prettily  rounded.  A  very 
thin  mould  for  its  size.  All  the  anteriors  have  fiat  labial  surfaces.  Laterals 
made  to  set  on  quite  a  mesial  slant.  Cuspids  wide  and  rather  flat. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  have  rather  narrow  necks  and  bell  shaped  crowns. 
Medium  size  occlusal  surfaces  with  well  defined  sulci  and  excellent  cusps. 

Articulates   well   with   lower   moulds   18-19. 

11.S 


Indications.  For  long,  wide  faces  such  as  large,  fleshy  people  sometimes 
present.  For  wide  arches.  For  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite 
co.mes  about  7  mm.  below  surface  of  ridge  and  lip  is  raised  about  11  mm. 
Valuable  where  a  thin  mould  must  be  used  to  avoid  bulk  under  upper  lip. 


MOULD  84,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  ^^^  mm.,  width  9}^  mm., 
bite  3  y2  mm.,  shut  4  %  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  ^^  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteri- 
ors,  53  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  123  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  8}^  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6%  mm.     No  collar. 

The  outlines  of  the  incisors  are  rounding,  show  the  greatest  width  at  the 
junction  of  the  middle  and  incisal  thirds  and  taper  to  comparatively  narrow 
necks.  The  laterals  are  of  good  width  in  proportion  to  the  centrals  and 
cuspids. 

While  the  bicuspids  are  large  teeth  as  compared  with  any  of  the  ordinary 
moulds  they  are  none  too  large  in  proportion  to  the  anteriors.  They  present 
well  marked  occlusal  surfaces,  medium  shut,  slightly  hollowed  ridge-lap,  and 
a  lingual  cusp  which  is  thick  over  the  pins.  The  molars  are,  if  anything,  a 
trifle  short  in  proportion  to  the  bicuspids,  and  the  ridge-lap  is  such  as  to  per- 
mit setting  them  nearly  on  top  of  the  ridge.  The  porcelain  in  the  lingual 
cusps  over  the  pin  is  thick  and  may  be  ground,  if  necessary,  to  a  considerable 
extent. 

Plain  lower  mould  84  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 

Indications.  For  very  large  people,  with  large  round  faces  and  wide 
arches.  The  anteriors  from  this  mould  are  sometimes  useful  where  the 
natural  anteriors  have  moved  out  of  position,  owing  to  long  previous  extrac- 
tion and  either  one  wide  tooth  or  two  very  small  ones  must  be  used  to  fill 
the  gap.  This  condition  is  more  likely  to  exist  where  the  lower  incisors  have 
driven  the  uppers  forward. 


85 


MOULD  85.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  12  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  4^^  mm.,  ridge-lap  Z%  mm.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors,  65 
mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  138  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 9  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5'^i  mm.    No  collar. 

A  very  large  mould  of  slightly  greater  length  than  mould  84,  but  of  one- 
third  greater  width  in  the  centrals.  The  laterals  are  nearly  as  long  as  the 
centrals  and  quite  wide.    The  cuspids  are  noticeably  wide.    The  labial  surfaces 

114 


of  the  anteriors  are  quite  flat  and  the  tooth  is  thin  in  proportion  to  its  size. 
The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  in  good  proportion  to  the  anteriors  and  while 
they  are  really  large  teeth,  do  not  appear  so  in  the  set.  The  occlusal  surfaces 
are  well  marked  and  show  very  prominent  buccal  cusps  with  deep  sulci.  The 
ridge-lap  is  quite  long  and  not  hollowed  in  the  bicuspids,  and  short  and  hol- 
lowed in  the  molar. 

No  lower  mould  articulates  well  with  it. 

Indications.  For  faces  of  medium  or  more  than  medium  length  and  of 
great  proportionate  width.  In  fact,  the  face  with  which  this  mould  is  to  har- 
monize should  be  as  wide  as  it  is  long.  This  mould  can  only  be  used  for 
arches  very  much  wider  than  normal.  The  width  of  this  mould  may  be  roughly 
determined  by  the  fact  that  if  one  third  molar  be  taken  ofif,  the  remaining  thir- 
teen teeth  are  as  wide  from  side  to  side,  as  one  of  the  pieces  of  wax  on  which 
Twentieth  Century  Teeth  are  mounted.  This  tooth  is  intended  to  set  well 
under  the  ridge  but  the  long  shut  leaves  room  to  grind  as  may  be  desired  in 
this  respect. 


MOULD  82.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  14 M  mm.,  width  9}^  mm., 
bite  6^  mm,,  shut  6  mm.,  ridge-lap  2M  nim.  Approximate  width  6  anteriors, 
57  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  128  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 13  mm.    Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.    Collar. 

An  extremely  large  mould.  Anteriors  have  greatest  width  in  middle  third. 
The  necks  are  wide  and  show  narrow  interdental  spaces. 

Bicuspids  very  large,  with  short  bite,  shallow  sulci  and  lingual  cusps, 
thick  over  pins.  Molars  are  long,  with  good  occlusal  surfaces  and  faint  sulci. 
Also  have  thick  lingual  cusps. 

Plain  lower  mould  82  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 
Molars  are  long,  with  good  lingual  cusps  thick  over  pins. 

Indications.  For  absorption  cases  where  the  measurements  indicate 
teeth  of  this  size.  Anteriors  will  set  under  ridge.  The  bite  is  as  long  as  can 
well  be  and  for  its  length  this  mould  does  not  require  much  rubber  over 
ridge. 


MOULD  83.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  15  94  mm.,  width  9  mm., 
bite  6  mm.,  shut  7  mm.,  ridge-lap  294  mm.  Approximate  v^ridth  6  anteriors, 
52  mm.  Approximate  width  full  14,  123  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 13^^   mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  9  mm.     No  collar. 


IIJ 


The  longest  Twentieth  Century  mould,  but  not  so  wide  as  mould  82. 
Outlines  of  anteriors  very  pleasing,  considering  the  great  length. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  very  long.  Bicuspids  have  large  occlusal  surfaces. 
Molars  are  medium  in  proportion.     Posteriors   have  thick  lingual   cusps. 

Plain  lower  mould  83  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  this  mould. 

Indications.  For  cases  showing  marked  absorption  of  ridge,  or  any  case 
where  these  measurements  will  fit.  The  ridge-lap  permits  these  teeth  to  set 
directly  under  ridge. 


BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS  WITH 
HALF  CUSPS. 

These   moulds    have   no   lingual   cusps.     They   are   for   use   where   the   bite   is 

extremely  close.     The   ridge-laps   are   hollow,   permitting  the 

pins   to   set   directly   on   the   ridge. 


MOULD  1.  1st  bicuspid— Length,  8}^  mm.  Width,  6^  mm.  Bite,  2 
mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut,  4i.^   mm. 

2nd  bicuspid — Length,  SYz  mm.  Width,  7  mm.  Bite,  23-^  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  5  mm. 

1st  molar — Length,  8^6  mm.  Width,  9J^  mm.  Bite,  2}^  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  5  mm. 

2nd  molar— Length  7i^  mm.  Width,  9  mm.  Bite,  2  mm.  Combined  bite 
and  shut,  43>4    mm. 

Combined  width  of  bicuspids  and  molars,  32  mm. 


2  «< 


MOULD  2.  1st  bicuspid — Length,  10  mm.  Width,  6  ^^  mm.  Bite,  2  ^^^  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut,  5  mm. 

2nd  bicuspid — Length,  10  mm.  Width  7  mm.  Bite,  3  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut,  5%  mm. 

1st  molar — Length,  9  mm.  Width,  9  mm.  Bite,  3  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut,  5}^  mm. 

2nd  molar — Length,  8  mm.  Width,  9  mm.  Bite  2^2  mm.  Combined  bite 
and  shut,  5  mm. 

Combined  bite  of  bicuspids  and  molars,  31),^   mm. 

116 


3  r- 


MOULD  3.  1st  bicuspid — Length,  9  mm.  Width,  GH  mm.  Bite,  3  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut,  51^2   mm. 

2nd  bicuspid — Length,  91^  mm.  Width,  7  mm.  Bite  3^2  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

1st  molar — Length,  8i>2  mm.  Width,  9^2  mm.  Bite,  3  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut,  5^^  mm. 

2nd  molar — Length,  8  mm.  Width,  9  mm.  Bite,  2^2  mm.  Combined 
bite  and  shut,  5  mm. 

Combined  width  of  bicuspids  and  molars,  32  mm. 


117 


CHAPTER  XI. 

Plain  Vulcanite  Lower  Moulds 

IN  TWENTIETH  CENTURY,  SOIvIIvA  AND  DENTSPIvY  TEETH. 


Helpful  Hints  Regarding  Selection.    Tables  Showing 
Millimeter  Measurements,  Cuts  and  Descriptions. 


Selecting  Lower  Teeth. 

Where  lower  teeth  are  desired  to  articulate  with  upper  teeth 
which  are  being  selected  at  the  same  time,  we  suggest  that  a  mould 
be  taken  from  the  column  which  shows  what  lower  moulds  articu- 
late with  the  chosen  upper  mould. 

Since  the  first  edition  of  this  book  was  published,  new  cardings 
of  upper  and  lower  anteriors  in  42  moulds  have  been  arranged  and 
are  shown  in  Table  No.  i. 

The  relations  between  these  upper  and  lower  anteriors  are  very 
nearly  the  relations  common  in  good  natural  dentures. 

In  the  other  vulcanite  moulds,  the  cardings  have  not  been 
changed. 


POINTS  m  ^ 
UPPER  COSF: 


118 


Only  a  fev/  lower  moulds  are  of  proper  width  to  articulate  with 
any  given  upper.  Those  of  proper  width  for  each  upper  will  be 
found  in  the  table  of  uppers,  in  the  column  headed  "Articulates 
with  lower  moulds." 

When,  however,  a  set  of  lowers  must  be  selected  to  articulate 
with  natural  teeth  on  the  upper  jaw  or  with  an  upper  plate  where 
the  mould  of  the  teeth  is  unknown,  the  following  hints  will  prove 
useful. 

Get  a  model  of  the  lower  jaw  and  a  model  of  the  upper  teeth  or 
plate.  Moisten  the  ridge  of  the  lower  model  with  water  and  adapt 
a  base  plate  over  it.  Soften  enough  wax,  make  into  a  roll  of  proper 
length  and  thickness,  place  on  top  of  the  base  plate  adapted  over  the 
lower  ridge,  and  fasten  the  two  together  by  means  of  a  hot  spatula 
or  by  pouring  melted  wax  between  the  base  plate  and  the  roll.  By 
trimming  the  occlusal,  labial  and  lingual  surfaces  this  makes  a  trial 
plate. 

Put  this  in  the  patient's  mouth  and  trim  it  until  the  edge  in 
front  comes  just  where  the  edges  of  the  lower  anteriors  should 
come.  Trim  it  occlusally  so  that  it  will  keep  the  jaws  a  little  more 
than  the  right  distance  apart.  When  this  has  been  done,  soften  the 
upper  occlusal  surface  of  this  built-up  bite  and  have  the  patient  bite 
the  uppers  into  it  enough  to  bring  the  lips  into  proper  relation. 
Have  the  patient  depress  the  lip  with  the  depressor  muscles  and 
mark  the  low  line  on  the  wax.  If  the  upper  model  be  placed  in  the 
imprints  selection  of  teeth  will  be  easy  and  rapid. 

Mark  a  median  line.  Make  a  mark  opposite  the  point  of  each 
upper  cuspid  and  a  mark  opposite  the  disto-buccal  cusp  of  each  up- 
per second  molar.  Thrust  a  pin  through  the  wax  horizontally  on  a 
level  with  the  ridge  and  leave  the  pin  hole. 

With  the  millimeter  measure  in  hand  our  work  will  be  simple. 
Measure  from  the  cutting  edge  of  the  upper  central  to  the  low  line 
and  add  2.5  mm.,  1.5  for  underbite  and  i  for  collar.  This  is  the 
length  of  the  central.  xMeasure  between  the  points  of  the  upper 
cuspids  following  around  the  trial  plate.  This  is  the  width  of  the 
six  anteriors.     Measure  between  the  marks  opposite  the  disto-buccal 

119 


cusps  of  the  upper  second  molars.  This  is  the  width  of  the  full  14. 
Measure  from  the  pin  hole  to  the  cutting  edge  of  the  incisor.  This 
gives  the  combined  bite  and  shut. 

By  using  these  measurements  in  connection  with  the  table  ar- 
ranged according  to  size,  pages  121-124,  in  the  same  way  that  the 
measurements  are  used  for  the  upper  teeth,  a  mould  may  be  quickly 
selected  which  will  meet  all  the  mechanical  requirements  of  the  case. 


How  THE  Dimensions  For  Lower  Moulds  Are  Obtained. 

Dimensions  of  central.  The  "length"  represents  the  greatest 
vertical  diameter  of  the  tooth.  The  "width"  represents  the  great- 
est horizontal  diameter.  The  "combined  bite  and  shut"  is  gained 
by  adding  the  length  of  the  bite  and  shut  and  one-half  millimeter 
additional  for  working  space.  It  may  therefore  be  used  just  as  it 
reads. 

The  widths  of  the  incisors,  six  anteriors  and  full  14's  were 
taken  when  the  teeth  were  set  to  articulate  with  uppers  set  on  the 
Bonwill  circle.  The  width  of  any  anteriors  or  full  14  may  be 
altered  by  slight  manipulations  of  the  teeth  which  will  readily 
suggest  themselves  to  any  practical  dentist. 

The  plain  upper  moulds  with  which  any  lower  articulates  best 
are  given  in  order  of  excellence  of  articulation,  the  best  being  given 
first.  When  the  number  of  an  upper  mould  is  in  blacker  type,  the 
lower  was  designed  especially  to  articulate  with  that  upper. 

Plain  Lower  Moltlds  in  6's  (anteriors)  Only. 

Following  the  descriptions  of  the  plain  lower  moulds  in  full  sets 
(14's)  will  be  found  illustrations  and  measurements  of  18  special 
lower  moulds  which  are  made  in  anteriors  only. 

The  cuts  show  the  moulds  so  well  that  no  detailed  descriptions, 
other  than  the  measurements  should  be  necessary. 

These  moulds  are  very  popular  in  Europe. 


120 


TABLE  NO.   4 

Plain  Vulc^anitk  Lovvkr  Moulds 

REGULARLY  COMPRISING  ANATOMICAL  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS. 
(all  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL. 

Approx. 

Approx. 

Cut 

width 
four 

width 
six 

Approx. 
width 

Articulates 
best  with 

and 

Mould 

Kequhed 

descrip- 

No. 

vertical 

mcisors 

anteriors 

14 

plain  upper 

tion  on 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

Shut 

space 
atiovti 
ridge 

set  up 

set  up 

set  up 

moulds 

page 

52 

8 

w. 

2K 

3 

21^ 

20 

32 

90 

52 

125 

14 

9 

41^ 

3 

31/^ 

21^ 

20 

32 

90 

42-17-18 

125 

27 

8^ 

5 

2 

2 

4K 

21 

34 

92 

44 

126 

67 

9^ 

41/^ 

3 

4 

2^ 

21 

33 

97 

67-18-11 

126 

A5 

91^ 

5 

3H 

4 

2 

24 

37 

101 

5 

126 

10 

91/^ 

5 

2^ 

4 

3 

22 

35 

99 

15-17-18 

127 

3 

10 

W^ 

21/^ 

3^ 

4 

21 

35 

99 

23-103 

127 

51 

10 

5 

21/^ 

51/^ 

2 

23 

35 

99 

4-14-19 

127 

103 

lOK 

5 

4 

31/^ 

254 

23 

36 

106 

103-29-92 

128 

78 

11 

51/^ 

3 

4 

4 

23 

37 

107 

12-25-26 

128 

87 

11 

51/^ 

4 

W9. 

2H 

26 

41 

111 

87-45-48 

128 

93 

12H 

5H 

4>i 

5 

3 

25 

41 

111 

93-95 

1     129 

TABLE  NO.   5 

Plain  Vulcanite  Lower  Moulds 

NOT     REGULARLY    COMPRISING     ANATOMICAL     BICUSPIDS     AND     MOLARS. 
SHORT  MOULDS. 

(all    DIMENSIONS    ARE    IN    MILLIMETERS.)* 


*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

121 


TABLE  NO.    S-{Contimied) 

PLAIN   VULCANITE    LOWER   MOULDS 

NOT     REGUI.ARI,Y     COMPRISING     AN  ATOMIC  AI,     BICUSPIDS     AND     MOI^ARS. 
(AI,I,  DIME;nSIONS  are  in   MILOMETERS)* 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 


DIMENSIONS 

OF  CENTRAL. 

Approx. 
width  six 

Approx. 
width  full 

Articulates 
best  with 

Cut 

Mould 

Required 

and 

No. 

vertical 

anteriors 

14 

descrip- 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

space  above 

set  up 

set  up 

upper 
moulds 

tion  on 

of  central 

of  central 

of  central 

ridge  at 

page 

central 

8 

10 

4 

43^ 

73^ 

34 

92 

39-40-63 

137 

1 

10 

3K 

5 

73^ 

36 

102 

7-20-24 

137 

2 

10 

3>^ 

5 

8 

35 

93 

2-8-14 

138 

A19 

10 

4 

5 

73^ 

36 

101 

19 

138 

A30 

10 

3 

4K 

8M 

34 

92 

30 

139 

A35 

10 

3 

5 

83^ 

37 

105 

35 

138 

A14 

10 

3 

43^ 

8K 

35 

97 

14 

140 

90 

lOM 

W2 

4M 

8 

35 

94 

90 

139 

91 

lOM 

IK 

4M 

5K 

33 

94 

91 

140 

65 

lOM 

3 

5 

6K 

37 

97 

65-10-13 

141 

66 

lOM 

Wi 

4M 

9 

36 

102 

66 

141 

16 

11 

5 

4M 

9 

35 

97 

10-12-26 

142 

6 

113^ 

4 

5 

8 

40 

115 

1-9-12 

142 

40 

10 

3 

5M 

7 

38 

101 

23-1-9 

143 

71 

10 

3 

53^ 

8 

39 

104 

71-23-25 

143 

79 

10 

33^ 

5M 

7K 

37 

103 

79-9-1 

144 

104 

lOK 

4 

5H 

8K 

.   38 

109 

104-105- 
107 

144 

101 

103^ 

4K 

5M 

8 

40 

106 

101-104- 
105 

145 

5 

11 

3K 

5% 

8 

37 

102 

12-23-25 

145 

49 

11 

3 

5M 

9 

39 

102 

49-9-47 

146 

105 

11 

4^ 

5^ 

9 

37 

104 

105-104 

146 

19 

10 

33^ 

6 

^y2 

41 

115 

45-94-64 

147 

69 

10^ 

3H 

6 

7 

42 

111 

69-75-104 

147 

107 

101^ 

4 

6 

8H 

41 

109 

107-101- 
104 

148 

18 

11 

3M 

6 

7 

42 

106 

64-93-101 

148 

LONG  MOULDS. 


25 

12 

4 

4 

W2 

33 

91 

27 

149 

11 

12 

5 

5 

83^ 

36 

97 

8-10-26 

149 

95 

12 

4M 

5 

10 

37 

101 

95 

150 

96 

IIM 

3K 

6 

8K 

40 

109 

96 

150 

28 

12 

6 

5M 

W2 

38 

102 

1-76-86 

151 

12 

13 

6 

5H 

93^ 

41 

107 

50-45-74 

151 

74 

13 

5 

5M 

9H 

36 

98 

74-38 

152 

13 

14 

4 

W2 

12 

40 

101 

50-74-49 

152 

84 

11^ 

4M 

6M 

9 

46 

117 

84 

153 

82 

13 

5 

6)^ 

11 

45 

117 

82 

153 

83 

14>^ 

6 

6K 

12 

44 

117 

83 

154 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slight  variations. 

122 


TABLE  NO.   6 

Plain  Vulcanite  Lower  Moulds 

ARRANGED  NUMERICAUvY 

THIS    TABLE    IS    DESIGNED    TO    AFFORD    INFORMATION    CONCERNING    MOULDS    WHEN    THE 

MOULD   NUMBER   IS   KNOWN. 

Moulds  numbered  in  this  face  of  type,  2-4-5-6-7,  are  regularly  carded  with  ana- 
tomical bicuspids  and  molars.    The  other  moulds  may  be  had  so  carded  on  special  order. 


(all 

DIMENSIONS 

ARE   IN 

MILLIMETERS.)* 

DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL. 

Approx. 

Approx. 

Cut 

width 
four 

width 

six 

Approx. 
width 

Articulates 
best  with 

and 

Mould 

descrip- 

No. 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

Shut 

Ridge- 

incisors 

anteriors  I 

14 

plain  upper 

tion 

lap 

set  up 

set  up 

set  up 

moulds 

on 

10 

page 

1 

5 

3K 

3K 

3 

22 

36 

102 

7-20-24 

137 

2 

10 

5 

33^ 

4 

23^ 

21 

35 

93 

2-8-14 

138 

3 

10 

4% 

2^ 

33^ 

4 

21 

35 

96 

2-4-6 

127 

5 

11 

5% 

33^ 

4 

33^ 

24 

37 

102 

12-23-25 

145 

A5 

9^ 

5 

33^ 

4 

2 

24 

37 

100 

5 

126 

6 

113^ 

5 

4 

3^ 

4 

23 

40 

115 

1-9-12 

142 

A6 

9 

5 

23^ 

4 

2H 

23 

37 

99 

6 

130 

7 

9% 

4^ 

33^ 

3 

334 

21 

32 

90 

11-19-22 

133 

8 

10 

43^ 

4 

3 

3 

21 

34 

92 

39-40-63 

137 

9 

9^ 

5 

3 

3 

334 

22 

36 

92 

88-71-6 

131 

10 

9^ 

5 

2^ 

4 

3 

22 

35 

93 

15-17-18 

127 

11 

12 

5 

5 

3 

4 

22 

36 

97 

8-10-26 

149 

12 

13 

53^ 

6 

3 

4 

26 

41 

107 

50-45-74 

151 

13 

14 

5^ 

4 

7H 

2H 

26 

40 

101 

50-74-49 

152 

14 

9 

43^ 

3 

3H 

2K 

20 

32 

93 

52-18-42 

125 

A14 

10 

43^ 

3 

5 

2 

21 

35 

97 

14 

140 

16 

11 

m 

5 

33^ 

2J^ 

21 

35 

97 

10-12-26 

142 

18 

11 

6 

33^ 

3 

43^ 

27 

42 

106 

64-93-101 

148 

19 

10 

6 

3^ 

3.^ 

3 

26 

41 

115 

45-94-64 

147 

A19 

10 

5 

4 

3 

3 

23 

36 

101 

19 

138 

21 

9 

5 

3 

2H 

33^ 

21 

35 

100 

36-4-5 

130 

24 

9J^ 

4M 

2 

23^ 

5 

21 

34 

94 

16-15-19 

132 

25 

12 

4 

4 

5 

3 

21 

33 

91 

27 

149 

27 

8H 

5 

2 

2 

43^ 

21 

34 

92 

15-16-17 

126 

28 

12 

5M 

6 

3 

3 

24 

38 

102 

1-76-86 

151 

30 

8J^ 

5M 

3K 

23^ 

23^ 

26 

41 

103 

43-48-94 

134 

A30 

10 

43^ 

3 

53^ 

13^ 

20 

34 

92 

30 

139 

A35 

10 

5 

3 

5 

2 

24 

37 

105 

25 

138 

A37 

9K 

5 

2^ 

^¥2 

IM 

22 

36 

99 

37 

132 

40 

10 

5% 

3 

^V2 

3>^ 

24^ 

38 

101 

23-1-9 

143 

43 

9 

5H 

3K 

3 

23^ 

25 

40 

103 

43-72-94 

135 

49 

11 

5% 

3 

5M 

2^ 

25 

39 

102 

49-9-47 

146 

51 

10 

5 

23^ 

5H 

2 

23 

35 

95 

51-4-14 

127 

52 

8 

43^ 

2^ 

3 

2^ 

20 

32 

87 

52-42-68 

125 

53 

93^ 

5 

3 

43^ 

2 

22 

36 

100 

20-6-5 

133 

65 

lOH 

5 

3 

3 

4M 

23 

37 

97 

65-10-13 

141 

66 

10^ 

4M 

43^ 

4 

2M 

21 

36 

102 

66 

141 

67 

93^ 

4K 

3 

4 

2>^ 

21 

33 

93 

67 

126 

68 

9K 

5 

2 

43^ 

3 

21 

35 

92 

68 

133 

69 

103^ 

6 

3M 

3 

4 

27 

42 

111 

69-75-104 

147 

70 

83^ 

5H 

2 

23-^ 

4 

24 

36 

99 

70-32-36 

134 

71 

10 

W2 

3 

4J^ 

23^ 

25 

39 

104 

71-23-25 

143 

72 

9 

5V2 

23^ 

3 

3^ 

24 

38 

106 

72 

135 

73 

9 

5 

23^ 

3 

33^ 

22 

35 

104 

73 

131 

♦Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

12.'} 


TABLE  NO.    ^—{Continued) 

PLAIN   VULCANITE    LOWER   MOULDS 


(all 

DIMENSIONS 

ARE   IN 

MILLIMETERS.)* 

DIMENSIONS  OF 

CENTRAL. 

Approx. 

Approx. 

Cut 

width 

width 

Approx. 

Articulates 

and 

Mould 

four 

six 

width 

best  with 

descrip- 

No. 

mcisors 

anteriors 

14 

plain  upper 

tion 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

Shut 

Ridge- 

set  up 

set  up 

set  up 

moulds 

on 

lap 

page 

74 

13 

W^ 

5 

4 

4 

24 

36 

98 

74-38 

152 

75 

9 

6 

31/^ 

3 

214 

27 

43 

106 

75-69 

136 

78 

11 

51/^ 

3 

4 

4 

23 

37 

100 

78-12-25 

128 

79 

10 

534 

3H 

314 

3 

26 

37 

103 

79-9-1 

144 

82 

13 

61/^ 

5 

514 

214 

29 

45 

117 

82 

153 

83 

141/^ 

6K 

6 

514 

3 

28 

44 

117 

83 

154 

84 

\y% 

6«4 

4H 

4 

314 

30 

46 

117 

84 

153 

87 

11 

51/^ 

4 

414 

214 

26 

41 

109 

87-45-48 

128 

90 

lOK 

4K 

31^ 

4 

2^4 

22 

35 

94 

90 

139 

91 

lOj^ 

^y-?. 

1^/^ 

3K. 

514 

20 

33 

94 

91 

140 

92 

9^4 

514 

4 

3^4 

214 

24 

37 

102 

92-103-7 

136 

93 

12  y^ 

5K 

4^ 

5 

3 

25 

41 

108 

93-45 

129 

95 

12 

5 

414 

5 

214 

23 

37 

101 

95 

150 

96 

11 1^ 

6 

314 

414 

314 

25 

40 

109 

96 

150 

101 

lOK 

^% 

4K 

3 

3 

26 

40 

106 

101-104- 
105 

145 

103 

lOK 

5 

4 

3H 

2% 

23 

36 

102 

103-29-92 

128 

104 

lOK 

5J^ 

4 

4 

2M 

25 

38 

109 

104-105- 
107 

144 

105 

11 

5M 

414 

4 

214 

25 

37 

104 

105-104 

146 

107 

lOM 

6 

4 

4 

W2 

27 

41 

109 

107-101- 
104 

148 

TABLE  NO.   7 

Plain  Lower  Moulds  in  6's 


(anteriors) 

ONLY 

DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL. 

Combined 

Required 

Length 

width 
six 

vertical 
space 

Illus- 

Mould 

trated 

No. 

anteriors 

above 

on  page 

Width 

Bite 

Shut 

Ridge-lap 

set  up 

ridge  at 
central 

A 

W2 

4 

IH 

5 

2 

29 

7 

158 

Al 

12 

6 

2K 

53^ 

4 

43 

8M 

155 

A2 

11^ 

5 

3 

6 

2^ 

36 

93^ 

156 

A3 

11 

5M 

2 

5 

4 

39 

73^ 

156 

A4 

12 

6 

W2 

5M 

4 

44 

8K 

156 

4 

12^ 

4M 

W2 

73^ 

13^ 

34 

113^ 

156 

15 

9 

4 

3 

4 

2 

34 

73^ 

156 

20 

16 

5 

3M 

lOK 

2 

38 

14K 

157 

22 

14K 

5 

4>^ 

53^ 

4K 

36 

103^ 

157 

23 

16J^ 

4M 

5 

6 

53^ 

33 

113^ 

157 

26 

19M 

5M 

63^ 

W2 

5^ 

40 

143^ 

157 

31 

11 

4 

23^ 

6 

2M 

30 

9 

157 

32 

11 

5 

3 

6 

2 

35 

93^ 

158 

33 

13K 

43^ 

3          !      8 

2>^ 

34 

\\y2 

158 

34 

12^ 

5 

33-^      '      63^ 

2>^ 

35 

103^ 

158 

35 

12>i 

43^ 

3                7 

2K 

33 

io>^ 

158 

36 

11^ 

4H 

3          1      5 

33^ 

34 

8K 

159 

29 

11 

5 

3 

7 

1 

36 

103^ 

159 

37 

12 

5 

3 

■     9 

none 

35 

123^ 

159 

60 

16 

5K 

5 

7 

4 

41 

viy^ 

159 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these   measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 


Plain   Vulcanite 
Lower   Moulds 

REGULARLY  COMPRISING  ANATOMICAL  BICUSPIDS 
AND  MOLARS. 

The    moulds    illustraR'd    on    this    pase    and    ihc    four    foUowing    rcyularly 
comprise  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 


52  • 


C3^ 


MOULD  S2.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  41.2  mm.,  bite 
2}^  mm,,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  20  mm.  Combined  width 
6  anteriors  (approximately),  32  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  (approximately) 
90  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  smallest  plain  lower  mould.  Dainty  outlines.  Narrow  necks.  Small 
cuspids. 

Articulates  with  upper  mould  52. 

Anteriors  combine  with  posteriors   from   mould   98  to  form   14's. 


/O  v 


p,^ 


74 


CQ 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  414  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  3],^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  20  mm.  Combined  width 
6  anteriors  (approximately),  32  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
91  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

This  is  a  slightly  longer  mould  than  the  preceding.  The  anteriors  are 
as  narrow  as  those  in  mould  52,  have  narrow  necks.  Show  narrow  interdental 
spaces. 

Articulates  with  upper  moulds  42-17-18-15. 

Anteriors  combine  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to  form  14's. 

125 


27  * 


MOULD  27.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  SVz  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.,  shut  2  mm.,  ridge-lap  4:^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  4:% 
mm.  Collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined 
width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  34  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approxi- 
mately), 92  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

Compared  with  mould  52. 

Centrals  same  length  but  a  trifle  wider.  Cuspids  noticeably  wider.  The 
curves  in  the  outlines  of  the  anteriors  are  much  flatter,  and  when  the  collars 
are  covered  the  interdental  spaces  are  wider  and  extend  further  up  the  teeth. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  44. 

Anteriors  combine  with  posteriors  from  mould  98  to  form  14's. 


MOULD  67.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  dVz  mm.,  width  4^^  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  ZVz  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  21  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors,  33  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  93  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  ly^   mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

A  very  small  mould  with  laterals  which  are  noticeably  wide  in  proportion 
to  the  centrals  and  cuspids. 

The  anteriors  have  narrow  necks  and  show  rather  wide  interdental  spaces 
which  reach  well  up  the  teeth. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould  67. 
Articulates  also  with  plain  upper  moulds  18-11-27. 

Combines  well  with  posteriors  from  moulds  55,  97  and  99  to  form  14's. 


'T^'^^\\r^T^ 


MOULD  A5.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9^2  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
ZVz  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8 
mm.  Combined  width  of  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width 
6  anteriors  (approximately),  37  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  100  mim.  Collar. 
Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

Anteriors  are  of  singularly  pleasing  outline  with  plainly  marked  develop- 
mental grooves  on  the  labial  surfaces. 

Articulates  with  plain  upper  moulds   No.   5. 

Anteriors  combine  with  posteriors  from  plain  lower  mould  99  to  form  14's. 


126 


/4^,(i^,f^^ 


MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9)^  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7 
mm.  Medium  collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  35  mm.  Combined  width  full 
14  (approximately),  93  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  outlines  of  the  anteriors  in  this  mould  make  it  valuable  in  many  cases 
where  no  special  indications  present.  The  necks  are  medium  wide,  the  curves 
medium  full,  and  the  result  very  pleasing. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  15-17-18-21-42-44-68. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to  form  14's. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  rather  long  and  indicate 
use  where  the  ridge  has  absorbed  quite  a  good  deal. 


uo 


r^i^Q 


MOULD  3.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  4?4  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.,  shut  Z%  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6%  mm.  Collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Com- 
bined width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  35  mm.  Combined  width  full  14 
(approximately),  96  mm.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  anteriors  are  practically  identical  with  those  of  mould  8,  save  that 
they  are  slightly  wider. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  99. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  99  to  form  14's. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  GVz  mm.  vertical  space  above  the 
ridge. 


MOULD  51.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2}>i  mm.,  shut  5}^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
SM  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  23  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors, 
35  mm.     Combined  width  full  14,  95  mm.     Collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and 

molars. 


127 


On  looking  at  this  mould,  one  notices  immediately  that  the  cutting  edges 
of  the  incisors  are  not  set  at  right  angles  with  the  vertical  axes  of  the  teeth, 
but  that  they  slope  at  the  distal  angle.  This  permits  a  slight  irregularity  at 
the  cutting  edge  which  is  more  artistic  than  exact  regularity. 

It  articulates  with  plain  upper  moulds  4-14-19-22-39-30.  The  anteriors 
combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  99  and  100  to  form  14's. 


203 


MOULD  103.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10 M  mm.,  width  5  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  3J6  mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 8  mm.  No  collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  23  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14 
(approximately),  102  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  .molars. 

The  anteriors  have  their  greatest  width  near  the  middle  third,  medium 
wide  necks,  and  present  very  narrow  interdental  spaces. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   103-29-92. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100  to  form  14's. 


78  * 


MOULD  78.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  5^^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7^^ 
mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  23  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors,  37  mm. 
Combined  width  full  14,  100  mm.     Collar.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  incisors  have  their  greatest  widths  at  the  cutting  edge  and  taper  by 
rather  flat  curves  to  wide  necks.     The  labial  surfaces  are  quite  flat. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould  78. 

Articulates  well  with  plain  upper  moulds  12-25-26-46-71-20. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  mould  100  to  form 
14's. 


MOULD  87.    Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  5%  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  4^^   mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.    Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central. 


128 


9  mm.  Collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Com- 
bined width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  41  mm.  Combined  width  full  14 
(approximately),  109  mm.     Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  incisors  have  their  greatest  widths  near  the  cutting  edges  and  taper 
by  flat  curves  to  rather  narrow  necks,  leaving  interdental  spaces  of  me- 
dium lengths. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   87-45-48. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  100  to  form  14's. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  in  the  anteriors  is  quite  long, 
9  mm.,  while  the  ridge-lap  is  short.  This  mould  is  indicated  where  absorption 
is   considerable. 


93 


MOULD  93.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12 1^  mm.,  width  5^^  mm., 
bite  4k%  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
10  mm.  Deep  collar.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  25  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  41  mm.  Combined  width  full 
14  (approximately),  108  mm.    Anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars. 

The  incisal  edges  of  the  anteriors  are  nearly  at  right  angles  with  the 
vertical  axis.  The  greatest  width  is  at  the  junction  of  the  incisal  and  middle 
thirds.     The   necks   are   rather   narrow. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   93-45. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  mould  A93  to  form  14's. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  of  the  anteriors  indicate  that 
they  require  10  mm.  space  above  the  ridge. 


1-29 


CHAPTER  XII. 

Plain   Vulcanite 
Lower   Moulds 

NOT   REGULARLY    COMPRISING    ANATOMICAL  BICUSPIDS 

AND  MOLARS. 

The  following  moulds  do  not  regularly  comprise  anatomical  bicuspids. 
These  anteriors  may  be  had  with  anatomical  bicuspids  and  molars  on  special 
order. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 


MOULD  A6.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  9  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors 
(approximately),  23  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors,  (approximately),  37 
mm.     Combined  width  full  14,  99  mm.     Slight  collar. 

When  set  in  rubber  the  anteriors  seem  short  but  of  medium  width. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small.  The  second  bicuspid  and  molar  are  medium. 
The  cusps  are  rather  prominent  and  the  sulci  fairly  deep. 

Articulates  with  plain,  upper  moulds  No.  6. 

Anteriors  combine  well  with  posteriors  from  plain  lower  moulds  Nos. 
9-10-24. 


MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  3%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Deep  collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  35  mm.     Combined  width  full  14   (approximately),  100  mm. 

Outlines  of  anteriors  practically  same  as  those  in  mould  27,  but  longer. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  larger  in  all  dimensions.  The  cusps  are 
prominent  and  sulci  deep.  Distance  from  lower  side  of  pins  to  top  of  lingual 
cusp  is  shorl,  permitting  tooth  to  set  on  top  of  ridge  in  fairly  close  bites. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  36-4-5-13-70-22. 

130 


MOULD  73.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  ZYz  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Very  deep  collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  35  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  104  mm. 

So  deep  are  the  collars  in  this  mould  that  when  they  are  covered  with 
rubber  the  enamel  surface  is  shorter  than  in  any  mould  so  far  described. 
This  gives  the  tooth  a  short  appearance  when  on  the  plate. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  larger  than  in  any  of  the  above  moulds 
with  rounding  cusps  and  medium  sulci.    Can  be  used  in  fairly  close  bite. 

The  14  in  this  mould  is  wider  than  any  other  14  in  the  short  narrow 
moulds. 

This  mould  articulates  well   with  upper  mould  73. 

Indications.  Valuable  where  some  teeth  remain  and  show  short  crowns, 
but  where  considerable  absorption  has  occurred  following  extractions  of  some. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9M  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  Z^i  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
6}^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Medium  collar,  on 
anteriors  only.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Com- 
bined width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14 
(approximately),  92  mm. 

The  anteriors  are  similar  in  length  and  width  to  those  in  mould  73.  but 
as  the  collar  is  very  much  less  deep,  the  appearance  of  the  enamel  surface  is 
entirely  different,  as  per  illustration. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  the  smallest  of  any  mould  yet  described 
except  .52,  with  distinctly  rounding  cusps  and  medium  deep  sulci.  They  can 
be  used  in  medium  close  bite,  but  not  in  so  close  bite  as  mould  27. 

This   mould  articulates  well  with   upper  moulds   88-23-71-6-23. 

Indications.  The  rather  long  bite  and  shut  indicate  the  use  of  this  mould 
where  the  ridge  has  absorbed  considerably. 

131 


MOULD  24.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  dVz  mm.,  width  494imm., 
bite  2  mm.,  shut  2%  mm.,  ridge-lap  5  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 5  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  4  mm.  Rather  deep  collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors  (approximately),  34  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
94  mm. 

The  narrow  necks  make  this  mould  look  wedge  shape  and  afford  inter- 
dental spaces  which  run  well  up  the  teeth. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  good  size  with  fairly  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci.  They  show  short  bite  and  shut  and  long  hollow  ridge-lap, 
and  will  be  useful  in  close  bites. 

This   mould  articulates  well  with   upper  moulds   16-15-19-21-44-88. 

Indications.  Valuable  in  cases  where  the  ridge  is  thin  and  high.  The 
long  ridge-lap  will  make  its  use  possible  in  the  cases  where  bulk  to  labial  is 
desired. 


A37 


MOULD  A37.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9%  mm.,  width  5  mm., 
bite  2'^  mm.,  shut  5J^  mm.,  ridge-lap  l)>i  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central  8^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  99  mm.  No 
collar. 

The  incisors  have  quite  straight  approximal  surfaces  and  carry  their  great- 
est widths  nearly  to  the  incisal  third. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  show  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The 
occlusal  surfaces  are  well  marked  for  holding  and  grinding  food. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  smaller  than  medium;  the  second  is  medium  in  size. 
The  molars  are  medium  in  size  and  are  characterized  by  a  decided  inward 
slope  of  the  buccal  surface  as  it  rises  from  the  cervical  margin.  This  would 
bring  the  buccal  cusps  in  nearly  right  positions  for  upper  teeth  where  the 
upper  jaw  was  noticeably  narrow  in  the  back  portion. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould 
No.  37. 

Articulates  with  plain  upper  moulds  Nos.  6-14-19. 

132 


MOULD  53.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9%  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  4}^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  22  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors,  36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  100  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
6  mm.    No  collar. 

The  laterals  and  cuspids  are  quite  wide  in  proportion  to  the  centrals. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  quite  small.  The  second  is  medium  in  size.  The 
molars  are  of  medium  size.  All  the  posteriors  have  short,  rounding  cusps 
and  shallow  sulci.     They  have  lingual  cusps  thick  over  the  pins. 

This  is  a  new  mould.  It  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain 
upper  mould  20.     Articulates  also  with  plain  upper  moulds  23-71-7-13. 

Combines   well   with   posteriors   from   moulds   5-19-43-79-103   to   form   14's. 


68 


MOULD  68.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9^4  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.,  shut  4^4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  121  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors,  35  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  92  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
7}i  mm.    Collar. 

The  incisors  have  narrow  necks  and  rather  flat  curves.  This  gives  them 
a  wedge  shape  appearance.  The  interdental  spaces  are  quite  wide  and  extend 
about  half  way  up  the  teeth. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  short.  The  first  bicuspid  is  very  small.  The 
second  is  small.  The  first  molar  is  medium  and  the  second  small.  All  have 
short  rounding  cusps  and  shallow  sulci. 

This  is  a  new  mould.  It  was  ,made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain 
upper  mould  68.     Articulates  also  with  plain  upper  moulds  18-11. 


MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  d%  mm.,  width  4%  mm., 
bite  3f^  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3M  rnm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  7  mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  4  mm.     Slight  collar. 

133 


Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors  (approximately),  32  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
90  mm. 

The  longest  and  narrowest  mould  of  this  group.  Anteriors  present  nar- 
row   necks    and    show    quite    long    interdental    spaces. 

First  bicuspid  small,  second  medium.  Cusps  of  posteriors  are  rounding, 
with  well  defined  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  11-19-22-67-16-31. 

Indications.  For  use  in  narrow  arches.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are 
quite  long  in  proportion  to  the  length  of  the  tooth  and  indicate  use  of  this 
mould   where   there   is   moderate   absorption. 


MOULD  70.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8^^  mm.,  width  5M  mm., 
bite  2  mm.,  shut  2^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 5  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  36  mm.     Combined  width  full  14,   (approximately)   99  mm. 

The  anteriors  are  very  short  and  look  comparatively  wide.  Have  medium 
wide  necks,  full  curves  and  present  rather  short  wide  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  present  quite  large  occlusal  surfaces  with  me- 
dium prominent  cusps  and  rather  deep  sulci. 

Articulates   well   with   upper   moulds   70-32-36-22-14-31. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  short  and  indicate  the  use 
of  this  mould  where  absorption  has  been  very  slight,  making  what  is  known 
as  a  close  bite. 


MOULD  30.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8^^  mm.,  width  5%  mm., 
bite  3^^  mm.,  shut  2  3-2  mm.,  ridge-lap  2i.^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  6^4  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  4^.^  mm.  Collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors (approximately),  41  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
103  mm. 

Very  similar  in  outline  to  mould  70,  but  wider,  especially  the  cuspids. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  practically  the  same  si/ce,  but  the  buccal 
surfaces  of  the  molars  in  this  mould  are   retreating. 

Articulates  well   with   upper  moulds   43-48-94. 

Indications.  Combined  bite  and  shut  much  longer  than  in  mould  70,  and 
indicate  use  where  absorption  is  greater. 

l.'^4 


MOULD  72.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  5^2  mm., 
bite  2}^  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 6  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Very  deep  collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors,  (approximately)  38  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
106  mm. 

The  collar  is  such  that  when  covered  with  rubber  the  enamel  surfaces 
are  materially  shortened.  The  necks  are  rather  narrow  and  leave  interdental 
spaces  of  fair  width. 

The  bicuspids  and  first  molar  are  large,  the  second  molar  of  medium 
size.  They  present  bulging  buccal  surfaces,  rounding  cusps  and  medium 
deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with   upper  mould  72. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  of  the  anteriors  is  short  and 
this  mould  can  be  used  where  absorption  is  slight.  It  is  a  thick  mould, 
linguo-labially  as  per  the  outline  illustration.  The  bicuspid  and  molars  are 
made  to  set  on  the  ridge.     They  require  an  open  bite  in  their  region. 


43 


ZXJ(? 


MOULD  43.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  5?4  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  2y2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  25  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately),  40  mm.     Combined  width   full   14   (approximately),   103  mm. 

The  approximal  surfaces  of  the  anteriors  are  rather  straight,  through  the 
incisal  and  middle  thirds,  and  taper  to  narrow  necks,  which  leave  a  short, 
rather  wide,   interdental   space. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium  in  size.  The  molars  pre- 
sent rather  large  occlusal  surfaces.  All  the  posteriors  have  bulging  buccal 
surfaces,  rather  sharp  cusps,  and  well  defined  sulci.  They  all  have  thick  lin- 
gual cusps  which  will  permit  extensive  grinding. 

Articulates   well   with    upper   moulds   43-72-94. 

Indications.  This  mould  has  a  long  bite  and  rather  short  shut.  The 
ridge-lap   is   such   shape   that   the   tooth  will   set  nearly   on   top   of  the   ridge. 

1 .3.") 


MOULD  92.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9%  mm.,  width  5M  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  5%  mm.,  ridge-lap  2}i  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  Collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  37  mm.     Combined  width  full  14   (approximately),  102  mm. 

The  anteriors  are  quite  narrow,  with  flat  curves  and  medium  wide  necks, 
leaving  narrow  interdental  spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  medium  in  size,  the  second  is  large.  Both  molars 
are  large.  All  the  posteriors  have  very  bulging  buccal  surfaces,  short  round- 
ing cusps,  and  fairly  well  defined  sulci.  They  have  thick  lingual  cusps,  which 
permit   extensive   grinding  where   necessary. 

Articulates   well   with   upper   moulds    92-103-7-9. 

Indications.  This  and  mould  7  are  the  longest  of  the  short  moulds,  but 
this  mould  is  considerably  wider  than  seven.  The  combined  bite  and  shut 
in  this  mould  comprise  nearly  the  whole  tooth,  indicating  its  use  where  the 
absorption  is  such  that  the  anteriors  can  set  on  top  of  the  ridge.  Very  thick 
lingual  cusps  in  the  bicuspids,  together  with  the  shut,  require  that  they  set 
on  top  of  the  ridge,  and  confine  the  use  of  this  mould  to  fairly  open  bites. 


MOULD  75.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite 
3^  mm.,  shut  3  m'm.,  ridge-lap  2'^,^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  27  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately),  43   mm.     Combined  width  full   14    (approximately),    106  mm. 

The  only  mould  which  is  short  and  wide.  The  anteriors  are  very  thin 
linguo-labially,  have  noticeably  flat  labial  surfaces,  medium  wide  necks,  and 
leave  interdental  spaces  of  medium  length  and  width.  Considering  their 
length  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  very  wide. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  very  small,  the  second  is  of  medium  size. 

The  first  molar  presents  a  large  occlusal  surface,  the  second  medium. 
Both  molars  are  noticeably  oblique.  All  the  posteriors  have  bulging  buccal 
surfaces,   rounding  cusps,   faint   sulci,   and   thick  lingual   cusps. 

Articulates  with  upper  moulds  75-69. 

Indications.  Valuable  where  it  is  desired  not  to  make  bulk  to  labial,  and 
the  absorption  is  great  enough  to  permit  the  anteriors  to  set  on  top  of  the 
ridge.    The  posteriors  require  a  fairly  open  bite. 

136 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  i%  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  3  mm,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7},^ 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  41.4  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately),  34  mm.      Combined  width   full   14    (approximately),   92   mm. 

The  anteriors  are  so  narrow  as  to  make  them  seem  longer  than  they 
really  are.  They  taper  by  flat  curves  to  narrow  necks  and  leave  long  nar- 
row  interdental   spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium;  the  molars  are  compar- 
atively small.  The  buccal  surfaces  are  not  very  bulging.  The  cusps  are 
rounding   and   the   sulci   fairly  well   defined. 

The  full  fourteen   is  one  of  the  narrowest   offered. 

Articulates  well  with   upper  moulds   39-40-63-89-2-19. 

Indications.  For  narrow  arches  where  there  is  considerable  absorption. 
The  anteriors  require  iVo  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge;  the  bicuspids 
HVp,  mm.,  and  the  second  molars  4^/2  mm. 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  vndth  5  mm.,  bite 
5%  mm.,  shut  3^2  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Deep  collar  on  an- 
teriors. Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Combined  width 
6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  (approximate- 
ly) 102  mm. 

The  anteriors  show  very  narrow  necks,  leaving  quite  a  long  and  wide 
interdental  space. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  medium  size,  the  second  rather  large,  and  both  molars 
are  noticeably  large.  All  the  posteriors  present  rather  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   7-20-24-29. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  in  the  anteriors  are  quite  long, 
7y2  mm.  and  indicate  the  use  of  this  mould  where  a  fair  degree  of  absorption 
has  taken  place,  so  that  the  anteriors  may  have  7Va  mm.  vertical  space  above 
the  ridge. 

The  bicuspids  require  .5  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  and  the 
second  molars   5   mm. 

137 


^3 

MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3^^  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5},^  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 35  mm.     Combined  width  full   14   (approximately),  93  mm. 

The  anteriors  have  practically  the  same  measurements  as  in  mould  1, 
but  haA'e  wider  necks  and  leave  much  narrower  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  long  with  rather  flat  buccal  surfaces,  medium 
size  occlusal  surfaces,  fairly  prominent  cusps,  and  rather  deep  sulci.  The 
bite  and  shut  are  short  and  the  ridge-lap  long  and  hollow. 

Articulates  well   with   upper  moulds   2-5-14-30-32-36-37-40. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  long,  8  mm.,  and  the  ridge- 
lap  very  short,  indicating  that  this  mould  is  intended  to  set  on  top  of  the 
ridge. 

The  bicuspids  require  6  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  and  the 
second  molars  5^^  mm. 


AJ9 


MOULD  A19.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  T^^ 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Combined  width  4  in- 
cisors (approximately),  23  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately), 
36  mm.     Combined  width  full  14,  101  mm.     Collar. 

Anteriors  are  quite  wide  in  mesial  third,  but  taper  to  rather  narrow  necks. 
First  bicuspid  small.     The  second  bicuspid  and  molars  are  medium.     The 
cusps   are   not  very  prominent  and  the   sulci  only  medium   deep. 
.   Articulates  with  plain  upper  mould  No.  19. 


A35  g 


MOULD  A35.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8^^ 

138 


mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  Combined  width  4  in- 
cisors (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximate- 
ly), 37  mm.     Combined  width  full  14,  105  mm.     No  collar. 

Anteriors  have  rather  flat  approximal  curves  converging  to  medium  wide 
necks. 

The  first  bicuspid  has  a  small  occlusal  surface;  the  second  medium.  The 
molars  have  quite  large  occlusal  surfaces.  The  cusps  are  fairly  prominent 
and  the  sulci  are  medium  deep. 

Articulates   with   plain   upper   mould   No.   35. 


A  30  f 


MOULD   A30.      Dimensions  of  centrals  length   10  mm.,  width  4:%    mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  5^  mm.,  ridge-lap  1^  mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen 
tral,  9  mm.     Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6%   mm.     Combined  width 
4   incisors    (approximately),   20   mm.      Combined   width   6   anteriors    (approx- 
imately), 34  mm.    Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  92  mm.    No  collar. 

The  anteriors  are  quite  thick  mesio-distally  and  are  characterized  by 
very  rounding  labial  surfaces  in  the  middle  and  cervical  thirds.  In  this  region 
they   lend  themselves   readily  to   fine   mechanical   work   on   a   plate. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small.     The  second  is  larger.     Both  molars  are  small. 

The  cusps  of  the  bicuspids  and  molars  are  fairly  rounding  and  the  sulci 
medium   deep.     The   occlusal   surfaces   are   finely  carved. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould 
No.  30.    Articulates  also  with  plain  upper  moulds  Nos.  89-90. 


90 


MOULD  90.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10 M  mm.,  width  A%  mm., 
bite  3%  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 35   mm.     Combined  width  full   14   (approximately),  94  mm. 

When  the  length  of  this  mould  is  considered  the  width  of  the  entire  14 
is  really  very  narrow.  The  anteriors  have  narrow  necks,  and  leave  rather 
long  interdental  spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  presents  a  very  small  occlusal  surface,  the  second  bi- 
cuspid medium,  and  the  molars  distinctly  large  in  proportion  to  the  rest  of 
the  set.  The  buccal  surfaces  are  bulging,  the  cuspids  prominent,  and  the 
sulci  fairly  deep.  The  bicuspids  of  this  mould  are  distinguished  by  the  fact 
that  the  lingual  cusps  are  very  narrow.    All  the  posteriors  have  lingual  cusps 

130 


which  are  very  thick  over  the  pins.  The  bite  is  long,  due  to  the  thick  lingual 
cusps,  the  shut  medium  and  the  ridge-lap  short  and  somewhat  hollowed. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould   90. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  occupy  nearly  the  length  ol 
the  anteriors,  and  indicate  the  use  of  this  mould  where  they  can  have  8  mm. 
vertical  space  above  ridge.  The  bicuspids  require  8  mm.  vertical  space,  and 
the  second  molars  6  mm. 


A  74 


MOULD  Al4,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  41.4  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6%  mm.  Combined  width 
4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approx- 
imately), 35  mm.    Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  97  mm.    No  collar. 

The  incisors  appear  even  narrower  than  they  are  because  of  the  complete 
absence  of  collar.     This  however  lends  itself  to  making  a  very  neat  plate. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  bicuspids  and  molars  are  well  marked  but 
the  cusps  are  not  prominent  and  the  sulci  are  shallow.  The  first  bicuspid 
is  small.     The   second  bicuspid  and  both  molars  are  medium  in  size. 

Articulates  with  plain  upper  moulds   Nos.    19-5-37. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould 
No.  14. 


MOULD  91.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^^  mm.,  width  i}^  mm., 
bite  11^  mm.,  shut  5}i  mm.,  ridge-lap  5%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  5^^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5}^  mm.  Collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  20  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors (approximately),  33  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
94  mm. 

The  anteriors  in  this  mould  are  very  narrow  and  taper  by  flat  curves  to 
narrow  necks  which  leave  long  interdental  spaces  of  considerable  width.  The 
posteriors  are  long  with  moderately  rounding  buccal  surfaces,  narrow  necks, 
very  short  rounding  cusps,  fairly  well  defined  sulci,  and  thick  lingual  cusps 
over  the  pins. 

The  occlusal  surface  of  the  first  bicuspid  is  small,  that  of  the  second 
medium  size,  and  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  molars  are  quite  large. 

Articulates  well  with   upper  mould  91. 

Indications.  The  bite  and  shut  of  the  anteriors  are  very  short,  5y2  mm., 
the  ridge-lap  long  and  somewhat  hollowed  indicating  the  use  of  this  mould 
for  small  mouths  with  slight  absorption.  The  bicuspids  require  6  mm.  ver- 
tical space,  and  the  second  molars  SVs  rnm. 

140 


MOULD  65.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^2  mm.,  width  5  mm., 
bite  3  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4I2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 6^-^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5^  mm.  Deep  collar 
in  the  anteriors.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately)  23  mm.  Com- 
bined width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  37  mm.  Combined  width  full  14 
(approximately),   97   mm. 

When  the  deep  collar  is  covered  with  rubber  the  enamelled  surfaces 
of  the  anteriors  are  less  than  the  length  of  mould  would  indicate.  The  necks 
are  fairly  wide  and  leave  moderate  interdental  spaces.  The  cuspids  are  dis- 
tinguished by  a  pronounced  prominence  of  the  distal  angle. 

The  posteriors  are  of  medium  length  with  moderately  bulging  buccal  sur- 
faces, prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  They  present  medium  size  occlusal 
surfaces. 

Articulates    well    with    plain    upper    moulds    10-13-26-28-35-38-65. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  6Vs  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge, 
indicating  the  use  of  this  mould  where  the  absorption  is  slight  but  the  ridge 
is  thin.     The  bicuspids  require  oVa  mm.,  and  the  molars  SVa  mm. 


66 


MOULD  66.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  94  mm.,  width  4  94  mm., 
bite  4^  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 9  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  Deep  collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  36  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  102  mm. 

The  centrals  are  quite  narrow  for  their  length  but  the  laterals  are  quite 
wide.     They  taper  by  flat  curves  to  medium  wide  necks  and  leave  long  narrow 

interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  long  with  bulging  buccal  surfaces,  promi- 
nent cusps,  deep  sulci  and  thick  lingual  cusps  over  pins.  The  occlusal  surface 
of  the  first  bicuspid  is  small,  that  of  the  second  medium,  the  first  molar  large 
and  the   second   molar  medium. 

Articulates   well  with   upper  mould   66. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  long,  9  mm.,  and  indicate  the 
use  of  this  mould  where  absorption  is  extensive.  The  second  bicuspids  re- 
quire SVfi  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  and  the  second  molars  7  mm. 

HI 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  494  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.,  shut  3f^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
9  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5%  mm.  Deep  collar  on  anteri- 
ors.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6 
anteriors  (approximately),  35  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
97  mm. 

The  incisors  are  decidedly  narrow  for  their  length.  The  necks  are 
narrow  and  the  curves  in  the  outline  fiat.     The  cuspids  are  of  medium  width. 

The  bicuspids  are  quite  long,  the  molars  medium  wide,  medium  bulging 
buccal  surfaces.  Occlusal  surfaces  as  follows:  first  bicuspid,  small;  second 
medium;  first  molar,  large;  second  medium. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  10-12-26-38-49-78. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  quite  long,  9  mm,,  and  indi- 
cate use  of  this  mould  in  cases  showing  rather  extensive  absorption.  The 
bicuspids  require  7  mm.  vertical  space  above  ridge,  and  the  second  molars 
5%  mm. 


6  t 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  liy2  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  Sf^  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Deep  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  23  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 40  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  115  mm. 

The  centrals,  laterals  and  cuspids  are  of  excellent  proportionate  widths. 
The  interdental  spaces  are  wide  and  long. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  long,  the  molars  rather  short.  All  have 
medium  bulging  buccal  surfaces.  Occlusal  surfaces  as  follows:  first  bicuspid, 
small;  second,  medium;  molars,  medium;  cusps,  short  and  rounding;  sulci, 
shallow. 

Articulates  well   with  upper   moulds   1-9-12-47-81-86. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  in  the  anteriors  are  medium  in 
length  and  indicate  the  use  of  this  mould  where  absorption  is  medium;  the 
ridge  thin  and  the  tooth  needs  to  lap  the  ridge. 

The  bicuspids  require  7  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  and  the  sec- 
ond molars  5  mm. 

142 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM   LONG   AND   MEDIUM   WIDE. 


40 


40 


MOULD  40.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  5M  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.,  shut  3^2  mm.,  ridge-lap  3^2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24^4  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  38  mm.     Combined  width  full   14   (approximately),  101  mm. 

The  centrals  and  laterals  are  of  good  proportionate  widths,  while  the 
cuspids  are  rather  narrow  and  have  noticeably  short  cusps.  Interdental  spaces 
are  short  and  narrow. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  length  with  rather  flat  buccal  surfaces. 
The  molars  show  much  more  bulging  buccal  surfaces.  The  cusps  of  the 
posteriors  are  fairly  prominent,  with  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well   with   upper  moulds   23-1-9-71-48-47. 

Indications.  Useful  for  plates  without  gums  in  front.  The  anteriors  re- 
quire 7  mm.  vertical  space  above  ridge,  the  bicuspids  6V2  mm.,  and  the  second 
molars  6  mm. 

The  molars  will  be  found  valuable  where  the  upper  arch  is  narrow  in  the 
molar  region.  The  buccal  surface  inclines  inward  in  the  occlusal  third  and 
throws  the  buccal  cusps  well  toward  the  tongue.  This  permits  proper  articu- 
lation with  narrow  upper  plates,  without  setting  the  lower  molars  out  of 
position. 


MOULD  71.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  3-^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  4^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Combined  width  4 
incisors  (approximately),  25  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approxi- 
mately), 39  mm.     Width  full  14,  104  mm. 

The  width  of  the  necks  in  the  anteriors  makes  them  look  short  and  wide. 
The  bicuspids  are  small  with  short,  rounding  cusps  and  well-defined  sulci. 
The    molars    have    quite    large    occlusal    surfaces    with    short    cusps    and 
shallow  sulci. 

Articulates  with  plain  upper  mould  71. 

143 


79  M 


MOULD  79.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  5%  mm.,  bite 
3  3-^  mm.,  shut  3]>^  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Very  slight  collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors  (approximately),  37  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
103  mm. 

The  centrals  are  wider  than  mould  40,  but  the  laterals  are  a  little  narrow- 
er, and  the  cuspids  a  good  deal  narrower,  the  result  being  that  the  4  anteriors 
are  but  little  wider  and  the  6  anteriors  actually  narrower  than  in  mould  40. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium,  and  the  molars  rather 
large.  The  cusps  are  short  and  rounding,  and  the  sulci  only  fairly  deep. 
Bicuspids  and  molars  have  thick  lingual  cusps. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  79-9-1-12-71. 

Indications.  For  wide  mouths  where  vertical  absorption  of  the  ridge  is 
not  marked.  Anteriors  require  7y3  mm.  vertical  space  above  ridge,  bicuspids 
7  mm.,  and  second  molars  6  mm. 

Useful  for  plates  without  gums  in  front. 


104 


MOULD  104.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^4  mm.,  width  5)>i  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2}^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
S%  imm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  25  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 38  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  109  mm. 

A  slightly  longer  mould,  intermediate  in  width  between  40  and  79.  The 
anteriors  are   well   proportioned.     Narrow  interdental    spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium,  and  the  molars  large.  All 
have  short,  rounding  cusps  and  faint  sulci.     Lingual  cusps  quite  thick. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  104-105-107. 

Indications.  For  fairly  wide  mouths  where  vertical  absorption  is  mod- 
erate. Anteriors  set  mostly  on  ridge  and  lap  it  but  little.  They  require 
SVo  mm.  vertical  space,  the  bicuspids  7  mm.,  and  the  second  molars  7  mm. 
Useful  for  plates  without  gums  in  front. 

144 


107 


MOULD  101.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10^2  mm.,  width  5%  mm., 
bite  4:}i>  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  Q],^  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 40  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  106  mm. 

Incisors  have  their  greatest  width  far  enough  below  the  incisal  edges  to 
separate  the  incisal  angles.  Taper  by  very  pleasing  curves  to  narrow  necks, 
leaving   interdental   spaces   of   medium   width   and   length. 

First  bicuspid  small,  second  medium;  molars  large.  All  have  short  round- 
ing cusps  and  faint  sulci. 

The  molars  are  distinguished  by  the  fact  that  the  lingual  cusps  project 
so  far  over  the  pins.     This  makes  its  use  possible  in  a  rather  close  bite. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   101-104-105-107-64-45. 

Indications,  Combined  bite  and  shut  in  molars  is  long,  8  mm.,  and  indi- 
cates use  where  vertical  absorption  is  considerable.  Owing  to  the  absence  of 
collar,  these  anteriors  are  useful  for  plates  without  gums. 

The  bicuspids  require  7  mm.  vertical  space  above  ridge,  and  the  second 
molars  eVs  mm. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  5  94  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5  mm.  Collar.  Combined  width 
4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approxi- 
mately), 37  mm.     Combined  width  full  14   (approximately),  102  mm. 

The  approximal  surfaces  of  the  anteriors  are  quite  straight  and  the  necks 
wide,  leaving  long  narrow  interdental   spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  is  quite  large.  The  molars  medi- 
um.    The  cusps  are  rounding  and  the  sulci  well  defined. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds   12-23-25-71-76-79. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  are  medium,  8  mm.,  and  indi- 
cate use  of  this  mould  where  vertical  absorption  is  not  great. 

The  biscupids  require  0  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  and  the 
second  molars  5  mm. 

145 


49 


MOULD  49.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  5%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.,  shut  51^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^^^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
9  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Combined  width  4  in- 
cisors, 25  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors,  39  mm.  Combined  width  full  14, 
102  mm. 

The  incisors  have  their  greatest  widths  slightly  below  the  cutting  edges, 
so  that  the  incisal  angled  of  adjacent  teeth  are  a  little  separated.  The  necks 
are  rather  narrow  and  leave  medium  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size.  The  first  molar  is  quite  long;  the  sec- 
ond  is   shorter.     The   occlusal   surfaces   show   short    cusps   and   shallow   sulci. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould  49. 
It   articulates   well   with   plain   upper   moulds   9-47-50-56-81. 


105 


MOULD  105.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  5%  mm.,  bite 
4:},^  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^^  mm.  Cortibined  bite  and  shut  of 
central,  9  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  No  collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  25  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors (approximately),  37  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
104  mm. 

Quite  wide  anteriors  with  narrow  necks  and  showing  quite  long  and  wide 
interdental  spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium,  and  the  molars  large. 
All  the  posteriors  have  short,  rounding  cusps  and  faint  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  105-104. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  a  space  9  mm.  high  to  permit  them 
to  set  on  the  ridge.  The  bicuspids  require  8  mm.  to  permit  them  to  set  on 
ridge.  The  measurements  indicate  this  mould  only  in  cases  showing  consid- 
erable vertical  absorption.  The  second  molars  require  7  mm.  vertical  space 
above  the  ridge. 

146 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  WIDE. 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite 
3^  mm.,  shut  3^2  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 41  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  115  mm. 

The  anteriors  have  their  greatest  width  near  the  incisal  edges  and  taper 
to  rather  narrow  necks,  leaving  interdental  spaces  of  good  size. 

The  posteriors  are  of  medium  size,  short,  with  narrow  necks,  prominent 
cusps  and  deep  sulci.     The  first  bicuspid  is  smaller  than  the  second. 

Articulates  well   with  upper  moulds  45-94-64-43-86-G9. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  reciuire  a  space  TVa  mm.  high  to  permit  pins 
to  set  on  ridge,  the  bicuspids  require  the  same  space,  and  the  second  molars 
6  mm.     The  use  of  this  mould  is  confined  to  cases  having  wide  mouths. 


69  t 


69 


MOULD  69.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10 ^.^  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite 
^Yz  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
7  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Deep  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  27  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 42  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  111  mm. 

When  the  collars  of  the  anteriors  are  covered  with  rubber  the  enamel  sur- 
faces are  very  short,  being  practically  8  mm.  long.  The  necks  are  wide,  the 
curves  full,  and  the  interdental  spaces  short. 

The  posteriors  are  of  medium  size  with  fairly  prominent  cusps  and  deep 
sulci.     The  first  bicuspid  is  smaller  than   the  second. 

Articulates  v/ell  with  upper  moulds  69-75-104-105. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  a  space  7  mm.  high  to  permit  the  pins 
to  set  on  ridge.  It  requires  7  mm.  to  permit  the  second  bicuspid  pins  to  set 
on  ridge,  and  6  mm.  for  the  second  molars. 

147 


107 


MOULD  107.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10 1^^  mm.,  width  6  mm., 
bite  4  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
8  %  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  No  collar. 
Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  27  mm.  Combined  width  6  an- 
teriors  (approximately),  41  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
109  mm. 

The  dimensions  of  the  anteriors  are  similar  to  those  in  mould  69,  but  the 
difference  in  outlines  makes  the  moulds  entirely  unlike.  These  anteriors  have 
narrow  necks  and  show  wide  and  high  interdental   spaces. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  medium,  the  second  quite  large,  and  the  molars  are 
large,  especially  mesio-distally.  The  posteriors  show  short  rounding  cusps 
and  medium  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with   upper   moulds  107-101-104-105-93. 

Indications.  This  mould  is  indicated  for  wide  arches  with  wide  mouths 
and  for  cases  where  there  is  considerable  absorption.  The  anteriors  and  bi- 
cuspids require  a  space  SVz  mm.  high.  Valuable  for  plates  without  anterior 
gums.     The  second  molars  require  7  mm.  vertical  space. 


MOULD  18.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite 
3^  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4:%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central. 
7  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approximately),  27  mm.  Combined  width 
6  anteriors  (approximately),  42  mm.  Combined  width  full  14  (approximately), 
106  mm. 

The  approximal  sides  of  the  incisors  lie  in  contact  through  the  incisal 
third  and  then  taper  to  medium  wide  necks. 

The  labial  surfaces  are  wide  and  rather  flat. 

The  posteriors  are  long,  with  narrow  necks,  rounding  cusps  and  fairly 
deep   sulci.     The  first  bicuspid  is  smaller  than  the  second. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  64-93-101. 

Indications.  For  wide  mouths  but  where  wide  postejriors  are  not  indi- 
cated. The  combined  bite  and  shut  of  anteriors  is  7  mm.,  and  indicates  this 
mould  where  vertical  absorption  is  not  extensive.  Bicuspids  require  vertical 
space  of  GVz  mm.  above  ridge,  and  second  molars  7  mm. 

148 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG     AND    NARROW 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  dVz 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5y2  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  21  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 33  mm.    Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  91  mm. 

A  very  narrow  mould  in  proportion  to  its  length,  both  as  regards  the 
width  of  the  anteriors  and  the  full  14.  The  anteriors  show  very  flat  curves, 
narrow  necks  and  leave  long  interdental  spaces. 

The  posteriors  are  of  medium  length,  have  narrow  necks,  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci.  The  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  bicuspids  are  medium,  of  the 
molars  small. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  27. 

Indications.  The  use  of  this  mould  is  restricted  to  small  mouths  and 
narrow  arches  and  to  cases  where  vertical  absorption  is  marked.  The  an- 
teriors require  9V:>  mm.  above  the  ridge,  the  second  bicuspid  requires  7  mm., 
but  the  second  molar  requires  only  SVs  mm. 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  S% 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  5}/^  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  22  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 36  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  97  mm. 

The  anteriors  are  slightly  wider  than  in  mould  25  and  carry  the  width 
further  cervically  leaving  shorter  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  long.  The  bicuspids  have  rather  straight 
buccal  surfaces,  but  in  the  molars  the  buccal  surface  is  shaped  to  throw  the 
buccal  cusps  well  toward  the  lingual.  The  occlusal  surfaces  are  of  medium 
size  with  rounding  cusps  and  medium  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  8-10-26-38-51-74. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  SVs  mm.  above  surface  of  ridge,  the 
bicuspids  require  7  mm.  and  the  second  molar  5  or  SVs  mm.  This  indicates  use 
where  there  is  much  vertical  absorption  in  front. 

140 


95 


MOULD  95,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
41^  mm.,  shut  5  mm.,  ridge-lap  21.2  mm.  Combined  width  4  incisors,  23  mm. 
Combined  width  6  anteriors,  37  mm.  Combined  width  full  14,  101  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  10  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar, 
7}i  mm.     Slight  collar. 

The  incisors  have  their  greatest  widths  at  the  junction  of  the  middle  and 
incisal  thirds.  The  necks  are  medium  wide.  Interdental  spaces  not  very  wide 
and  do  not  extend  far  up  the  teeth. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  rather  long.  The  first  bicuspid  is  small; 
the  second  is  large.     The  first  molar  is  large  and  the  second  rather  small. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  short  cusps,  medium  deep  sulci  and  thick 
lingual   cusps   thick   over   pins   to   permit   grinding. 

This  mould  was  made  especially  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould  95. 
It  articulates  also  with  plain  upper*  moulds  50-49-1-87. 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG   AND   MEDIUM   WIDE. 


96  * 


MOULD  96,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11 1.^  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.,  shut  4:%  imm.,  ridge-lap  314  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 8%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6%  mm.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  25  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 40  mm.     Combined  width  full  14,  109  mm. 

Anteriors  have  their  greatest  widths  at  the  cutting  edges  and  are  made 
to  set  very  close  together  in  this  region.  Have  rather  narrow  necks,  and  very 
pleasing  outlines  when  collars  are  covered  with  rubber. 

Bicuspids  have  medium  large  occlusal  surfaces.  The  molars  have  quite 
large  occlusal  surfaces. 

Made  to  articulate  with  plain  upper  mould  96.  Articulates  also  with  plain 
upper  mould  No.  96. 

150 


©e®® 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  12  mm.,  width  5^  mm., 
bite  6  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
9J^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 38  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  102  mm. 

The  anteriors  carry  their  greatest  widths  cervically  nearly  half  the  length 
of  the  enamel  surface.  When  the  collars  are  covered,  interdental  spaces  of 
moderate  length  and  width  will  be  seen. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium;  the  first  molar  large  and 
the  second  medium.  The  cusps  are  prominent,  somewhat  rounding  and  sep- 
arated by  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  1-76-86-49-56. 

Indications.  The  combined  bite  and  shut  in  the  anteriors  are  so  long  that 
they  require  QVs  mm.  vertical  space.  The  second  bicuspid  requires  7  mm., 
and  the  second  molar  requires  6  mm. 


MOULD  12.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  5^4  mm., 
bite  6  mm.,  shut  3  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
9%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  26  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 41  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  107  mm. 

The  outlines  of  the  anteriors  are  practically  like  those  of  mould  93,  allow- 
ing for  the  greater  length  and  absence  of  collar. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  quite  long,  but  seem  not  to  be  so  in  com- 
parison with  the  anteriors.  The  buccal  surfaces  are  quite  straight,  the  cusps 
rounding  and  the  sulci  deep. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  50-45-74-86-93. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  gVg  mm.  vertical  space  so  that  they 
may  set  on  top  of  the  ridge;  the  bicuspids  require  7  nxni.  and  the  second  molar 
6  mm. 

151 


74 


MOULD  74.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  5M  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  9*'^ 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  Deep  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  24  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 36  mm.    Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  98  mm. 

The  anteriors  carry  their  greatest  width  through  the  middle  third,  taper 
to  medium  wide  necks  and  leave  short,  narrow  interdental  spaces. 

The  posteriors  are  quite  long,  have  narrow  necks,  short  cusps  and  shal- 
low sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  74-38. 

Indications.  The  anteriors  require  a  vertical  space  of  dVz  mm.  above  the 
ridge,  and  lap  it  4  mm.  The  bicuspids  require  about  8  mm.,  and  the  second 
molar  about  6  mm. 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  14  mm.,  width  5  3-^  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.,  shut  7^  mm.,  ridge-lap  2^^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  12 
mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  8  mm.  Collar  medium  deep  on 
anteriors,  very  deep  on  posteriors.  Combined  width  4  incisors  (approxi- 
mately), 26  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  40  mm.  Com- 
bined width  full  14  (approximately),  101  mm. 

Narrow  in  proportion  to  its  length.  The  incisors  taper  from  near  the 
incisal  edges  to  medium  wide  necks  and  present  long,  narrow  interdental 
spaces. 

The  posteriors  are  very  long  with  very  deep  collars,  medium  size  occlusal 
surfaces,  short  rounding  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  moulds  50-74-49-81. 

Indications.  For  cases  showing  extensive  vertical  absorption  since  the 
anteriors  require  12  mm.  vertical  space;  the  bicuspids  require  9  mm.,  and  the 
second  molar  8  mm. 

152 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG  AND  WIDE. 


84 


MOULD  84.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  11%  mm.,  width  6  94  mm., 
bite  4:%  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  3M  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  cen- 
tral, 9  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  6  mm.  No  collar.  Com- 
bined width  4  incisors  (approximately),  30  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors 
(approximately),  46  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  117  mm. 

The  shortest  of  the  long  moulds.  The  anteriors  are  all  wide,  the  centrals 
being  practically  as  wide  as  the  laterals.  The  necks  are  wide  enough  to  leave 
very  small  interdental  spaces. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  large,  with  rounding  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 
The  first  bicuspid  is  smaller  than  the  second. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  84. 

Indications.  For  wide  mouths  and  arches  wide  from  one  tuberosity  to  the 
other.  The  anteriors  have  hollow  ridge-lap  and  will  set  in  9  mm.  vertical 
space.  The  posteriors  also  have  hollow  ridge-lap.  The  bicuspids  will  set  in 
7  mm.  vertical  space  and  the  second  molar  in  6  mm.  Useful  for  plates  without 
anterior  gums. 


MOULD  82,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  13  mm.,  width  6%  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.,  shut  5^4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2}^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
11  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  8  mm.  Collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  29  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 45  mm.    Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  117  mm. 

All  the  teeth  are  large  in  all  dimensions.  The  incisors  have  their  greatest 
width  near  the  cutting  edge  and  taper  to  medium  wide  necks,  leaving  long  in- 
terdental spaces  of  medium  width. 

The  posteriors  are  large  with  short  rounding  cusps  and  shallow  sulci. 
All  have  thick  lingual  cusps,  long  shut  and  slightly  hollow  ridge-lap. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  82. 

153 


Indications,  The  combined  bite  of  the  anteriors  and  shut  occupy  11  mm., 
and  indicate  the  necessity  of  that  much  vertical  space  above  the  ridge.  The 
bicuspids  require  9  mm.  vertical  space,  and  the  second  molar  8  mm. 


vy  v^ 


MOULD  83.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  14^^  mm.,  width  QYz  mm., 
bite  6  mm.,  shut  5}^  mm,  ridge-lap  3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central, 
12  mm.  Required  vertical  space  second  molar,  7  mm.  No  collar.  Combined 
width  4  incisors  (approximately),  28  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (ap- 
proximately), 44  mm.     Combined  width  full  14  (approximately),  117  mm. 

An  extremely  long  mould.  The  incisors  have  their  greatest  width  about 
the  middle  third,  and  taper  slowly  to  rather  wide  necks,  leaving  small  inter- 
dental spaces. 

The  posteriors  are  long,  with  narrow  necks,  but  the  occlusal  surfaces  are 
not  large  in  proportion  to  the  other  dimensions.  The  cusps  are  short  and  the 
sulci  shallow.  The  lingual  cusps  are  thick.  The  shut  is  rather  short,  and  the 
ridge-lap  hollow. 

Articulates  well  with  upper  mould  83. 

Indications.  For  wide  mouths  and  arches  showing  extreme  absorption. 
The  anteriors  require  12  mm.  vertical  space  above  the  ridge,  the  bicuspids 
require  9  mm.,  and  the  second  molar  7  mm. 


It  is  important  that  artificial  teeth  be  set  in  the  proper  vertical  slant. 
That  is,  the  upper  molars  should  not  slant  out  too  much,  or  the  lo'wers 
too  much  inward. 

It  is  one  of  the  advantages  of  the  anatomical  moulds  that  they  may 
be  set  in  proper  positions  and  the  occlusal  surfaces  have  the  slopes  re- 
quired for  articulation.  On  this  account,  as  well  as  others,  the  use  of 
anatomical  moulds  is  strongly  recommended. 


154 


TO  SECURE  EXTREMELY  SHALLOW 
BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS. 

When  none  of  our  plain  lower  bicuspids  and  molars  are  suffi- 
ciently shallow  to  set  in  proper  positions,  Saddleback  bicuspids  and 
molars,  lowers,  with  regular  double-headed  vulcanite  pins  may 
be  ordered  from  Saddleback  Facing  Moulds  Nos.  2-3-7-10  and  13, 
shown  below. 


10 


As  these  teeth  may  not  be  regularly  carried  in  stock  by  your 
dental  depot,  orders  should  be  sent  us  direct  to  be  filled  through 
your  dealer. 

,     A  few  of  these  shallow  teeth  should  be  kept  on  hand  by  every 
dentist,  since  they  are  often  very  useful. 

The  dimensions  can  be  obtained  with  sufficient  accuracy  from 
the  illustrations  which  are  the  same  sizes  as  the  teeth. 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH 
PLAIN  LOWERS  IN  6's. 


Al  i-i 


MOULD  Al.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.,  shut,  5%  mm.,  ridge-lap,  4  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  S%  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  43  mm.  No 
collar. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  95-18-12-93  to  form  14s. 


155 


/\2  « 


MOULD  A2.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  IV/z  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  bite, 
3  mm.,  shut,  6  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2%  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge  at 
central,  9^4  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm. 

Long  narrow  anteriors  with  medium  narrow  necks.  Narrow  interdental 
spaces. 

This  mould  shows  a  medium  bite,  long  shut  and  short  ridge-lap. 
Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  74-11-28-16  to  form  14s. 


A3  H 


MOULD  A3.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  5%  mm., 
bite,  2  mm.,  shut,  5  mm.,  ridge-lap,  4  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  7%  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  39  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  74-11-18-28-95-105  to 
form  14s. 


A4 


MOULD  A4.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6  mm., 
bite,  2%  mm.,  shut,  5^  mm.,  ridge-lap,  4  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above) 
ridge  at  central,  8%  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  44  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  12-13-93-95  to  form  14s. 


MOULD  4.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  12^  mm.,  width,  43^  mm. 
bite,  S%  mm,,  shut,  7^  mm.,  ridge-lap,  1^/^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  11^  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  34  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  11-74-13  to  form  14s. 


15. — No   Illustration, 


MOULD  15. — Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  4  mm.,  bite, 
3  mm.,  shut  4  mm.,  ridge-lap  2  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge  at 
central,  7%  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  34  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  7-8-17-67-10  to  form  14s. 


156 


20 


MOULD  20.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  16  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  bite, 
3^  mm.,  shut,  10^  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  1^%  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  38  mm. 


MOULD  22,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  1^%  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  bite, 
4:%  mm.,  shut,  5^  mm.,  ridge-lap,  4^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  IQi^  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm. 

Combine  well   with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds   13-93   to   form   14s. 


23  a 


MOULD  23.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  1Q^^  mm.,  vndth,  4^  mm., 
bite,  5  mm.,  shut  6  mm.,  ridge-lap,  5y^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  ll^/^  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  33  mm. 


MOULD  26,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  19^  mm.,  width,  5%  mm., 
bite,  Gy^  mm.,  shut,  7%  mm,,  ridge-lap,  5^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  14^'  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  40 
mm. 


MOULD  31.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  4  mm.,  bite, 
2%  mm.,  shut,  6  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridg,e 
at  central,  9  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors   (approximately),  30  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  25-74-16  to  form  14s. 


157 


32  ri 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  bite, 
3  mm.,  shut,  6  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge  at 
central,  ^Yz  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  35  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  7S-25-5  to  form  14s. 


MOULD  33.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  l^Yz  mm.,  width,  4^  mm., 
bite,  3  mm.,  shut  8  mm.,  ridge-lap,  ^Yz  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  11^^^  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  34 
mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  13-93-74  to  form  14s. 


34 


MOULD  34.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  12^^  mm.,  width,  5  mm., 
bite,  ZYz  mm.,  shut  QY2  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2Y2  mrn.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  10^  mm.  Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  35 
mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  13-93-74  to  form  14s. 

A. — No   Illustration. 

MOULD  A.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  4  mm.,  bite, 
IY2  mm.,  shut,  5  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge  at 
central,  7  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors    (approximately),  29   mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  mould  52. 


35 


MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  I2Y2  mm.,  width,  4^  mm., 
bite,  3  mm.,  shut,  7  mm.,  ridge-lap,  2Y2  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above 
ridge  at  central,  IOY2  mm.    Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  33  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  74-11-25  to  form  14s. 

158 


36  *■ 


MOULD  36.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  IV/z  mm.,  width,  4'/^  mm., 
bite,  3  mm.,  shut,  5  mm.,  ridge-lap,  3^  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  S%  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  34  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  25-74-11  to  form  14s. 


29 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  5  mm., 
bite,  3  mm.,  shut,  7  mm.,  ridge-lap,  1  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  10^  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  36  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  90-91-65-79-78  to  form 
14s. 


MOULD  37.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  bite, 
3  mm.,  shut,  9  mm.,  ridge-lap,  none.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge  at 
central,  S%  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  35  mm. 

Combine  well  with  posteriors  from  lower  moulds  90-91-78-65-74  to  form 
14s. 

60. — No   Illustration, 

MOULD  60.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length,  16  mm.,  width,  5%.  mm., 
bite,  5  mm.,  shut,  7  mm.,  ridge-lap,  4  mm.  Required  vertical  space  above  ridge 
at  central,  12i/^  mm.     Combined  width  6  anteriors  (approximately),  41  mm. 

Combine  well  with   posteriors  from  lower  mould  83. 


The  lower  vulcanite  moulds  regularly  comprising  anatomical  bicus- 
pids and  molars  have  been  carded  so  that  the  lower  anteriors  are  of 
correct  widths  for  the  upper  anteriors.  Allowances  have  been  made, 
however,  for  slight  irregularities  in  the  lower  anteriors,  which  do  so 
much  to  make  dentures  look  natural. 


I'j'j 


CHAPTER  XII 


Gum  Vulcanite  Moulds 

In  Twentieth  Century,  Solila  and  Dentsply  Teeth 
With  Measurements,  Illustrations  and  Descriptions. 

In  selecting  gum  teeth  the  considerations  are  slightly  different 
from  those  involved  in  choosing  plain  teeth,  owing  to  the  fact  that 
the  anterior  teeth  on  each  block  are  in  fixed  relations  to  each  other. 

Each  anterior  block  manifests  several  characteristics  which 
should  be  considered.  First  comes  the  curvature,  mesio-distally. 
Some  arches  are  very  flat  in  front,  showing  a  nearly  straight  line 
between  the  cuspid  eminences.  Others  are  much  curved.  Some 
arches  show  marked  prominences  in  the  cuspid  regions  while  others 
curve  regularly  from  median  line  to  tuberosity.  Moulds  having 
anterior  blocks  with  the  proper  curvature  should  be  chosen. 

The  indications  in  some  cases  are  for  anterior  blocks  with 
full  or  even  bulging  gums,  while  others  call  for  medium  full  or  re- 
treating gums.  These  considerations,  together  with  the  gum  mark- 
ings, have  much  to  do  with  the  appearance  of  the  finished  set.  By 
means  of  the  illustrations  and  descriptions,  these  characteristics  of 
each  mould  may  be  accurately  determined. 

Following  the  gum  moulds  in  sets  of  14s,  will  be  found  a  line 
of  gum  moulds  in  4s  Front,  that  is  in  two  blocks  each  showing  the 
central  and  lateral.  These  will  be  found  very  useful  for  partial 
cases  and  for  many  repair  cases. 

How  The  Gum  Moulds  Are  Measured. 

The  "length"  of  the  central  is  determined  by  measuring  the 
labial  surface  from  the  highest  point  of  the  festoon  of  the  gum  to 
the  cutting  edge  in  the  median  line. 

■      -■  i-T    «/    Etc.' .-.•.. 

160 


^  The  "width"  of  the  central  is 

^k  the    distance    between    mesial    and 

^B  distal   surfaces  at  the  widest  part 

a^L  of  the  tooth. 

—m^dK^%  '^^^   "bite"   is  similar  to  the 

SHUT  <'    f}^7.\'7  ]  bite    in   plain   upper   teeth. 

-^       /    -.^COMBINED  The  "combined  bite  and  shut" 

/'''  \     /,--'' BITEahdSHUT  is  learned  by  adding  together  the 

BI'TE— — W^  bite  and  shut,  with  the  addition  of 

one-half  millimeter  to  allow  for  rubber  between  ridge  and  block. 

The  "Width  3  anteriors"  was  obtained  by  laying  the  celluloid 
measure  along  the  labial  surfaces  of  the  teeth  as  close  to  the  cutting 
edge  as  possible.  The  distance  from  the  mesial  angle  of  the  cen- 
tral to  the  distal  angle  of  the  cuspid  is  taken  as  the  width  of  the 
anteriors.  This  does  not  include  any  of  the  block  outside  of  the 
teeth. 

The  width  of  the  bicuspids  was  gotten  by  measuring,  with 
calipers,  from  the  contact  point  on  the  mesial  surface  of  the  first 
bicuspid  to  the  contact  point  on  the  distal  surface  of  the  second 
bicuspid.  This  does  not  include  any  of  the  block  outside  the  teeth. 
The  molars  were  measured  like  the  bicuspids. 

The  width  of  the  full  fourteen  is  gotten  by  adding  together 
the  widths  of  the  blocks  and  adding  3  millimeters  to  allow  for  joints 
in  setting  up.  In  the  wide  moulds  4  millimeters  are  added.  This 
has  been  found  by  experience  to  be  about  what  Is  required. 

The  Lower  Gum  Moulds  were  measured  in  the  same  way. 


The  greater  interest  in  the  articulation  of  artificial  dentures,  which 
has  been  manifested  of  late,  is  marked  by  a  distinct  preference  for  plain 
vulcanite  teeth  in  preference  to  gum  teeth.  For  this  reason,  the 
anatomical  moulds  are  furnished  in  plain  vulcanite  teeth  only,  and  not 
in  gum  teeth. 


101 


TABLE  NO.   8 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH— GUM  UPPERS 

TABLE  OF  MOULDS  ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

Width 

three 

anteriors 

Width 

Width 

Width 

full 
fourteen 

Articulates 
best  with 

Cut  and 

Mould 

descrip- 

No. 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

Combined 
bite 

bicuspids 

molars 

lower  gum 
moulds! 

tion  on 
page 

and  shut 

1 

8 

7 

3 

6H 

21 

12 

163^ 

102 

4-3 

170 

2 

8 

7 

3 

63^ 

21 

12 

17 

103 

4-3 

171 

3 

7H 

7 

2 

5K 

21 

13 

18 

107 

7-4 

166' 

4 

8 

6^ 

2H 

6 

21 

12 

16 

101 

2-3 

167 

5 

8 

7 

3 

7 

22 

123^ 

17 

106 

10-6 

171 

6 

9 

73^ 

3 

5^ 

22 

12 

163^ 

104 

52-1 

182 

7 

12 

8 

4 

8 

25 

14 

21 

124 

13 

192 

8 

10 

8 

33^ 

7 

25 

13 

17 

114 

12 

191 

9 

10 

8H 

33^ 

7 

25 

13 

19 

118 

120 

192 

10 

10 

83^ 

5 

9 

25 

13 

18 

116 

12 

191 

11 

8 

7 

3 

6 

21 

12 

16 

101 

7-4 

171 

13 

8 

W2 

2 

6 

22 

12H 

17 

106 

11-10 

177 

14 

10 

8 

3>^ 

73^ 

23 

13 

17 

109 

53-9 

191 

15 

9H 

7H 

3>^ 

7 

23 

13 

153^ 

107 

8-11 

188 

16 

9 

IVi 

4 

7^ 

23 

13 

18 

112 

16-8 

182 

17 

8 

IVi 

33^ 

7 

23 

12 

16 

106 

6-11 

177 

18 

9 

6K 

,  1^ 

53^ 

21 

12M 

17 

104 

6-7 

180 

19 

10 

7 

3 

7 

22 

123^ 

17 

106 

10-4 

189 

20 

8 

7 

23^ 

6 

21 

12 

17 

103 

7-4 

172 

21 

9 

7 

3K 

8 

22 

123^ 

17  M 

107 

10-6 

180 

22 

8 

7 

2H 

7 

22 

13 

17 

107 

10-4 

172 

23 

9 

lYi 

33^ 

7 

23 

13 

17 

109 

11-51 

182 

24. 

8 

6H 

2K 

6 

21 

12 

163^ 

102 

3-2 

168 

25 

7H 

7 

2 

53^ 

20 

12 

163^ 

100 

7-3 

167 

27 

8J^ 

7 

23^ 

5^ 

22 

123^ 

163^ 

105 

6-51 

179 

28 

lOH 

8 

5 

8H 

25 

13 

18 

114 

28 

198 

29 

8 

7 

.  3 

7 

21 

12 

17 

103 

4-3 

173 

32 

8 

7H 

3 

7H 

22 

12^ 

16^ 

105 

11-51 

178 

33 

8 

7 

2J^ 

6 

21 

12 

17 

103 

2-4 

173 

34 

8 

63^ 

2>^ 

6 

20 

UK 

16 

98 

2-3 

168 

35 

7H 

63^ 

2H 

53^ 

19 

10 

15 

91 

35 

167 

36 

9 

8 

33^ 

7 

23 

13 

18 

112 

9-1 

188 

37 

8 

7 

4 

7^ 

21 

iiM 

163^ 

101 

3-4 

173 

38 

9 

73^ 

2 

6 

23 

13 

17 

110 

11-7 

181 

39 

10 

73^ 

3^ 

7K 

22 

11^ 

16 

102 

11-4 

190 

40 

9 

73^ 

3 

7 

22 

123^ 

18 

108 

11-51 

183 

41 

9 

7 

3 

7 

22 

IIH 

17 

104 

52-11 

180 

42 

8 

7 

2 

6^ 

20 

12>i 

18 

104 

7-52 

174 

43 

8 

7 

33^ 

63^ 

21 

12  K 

163^ 

103 

8-6 

174 

44 

10 

73^ 

33^ 

7 

22 

13 

17 

107 

11-51 

190 

45 

8 

7 

3 

6^ 

21 

113^ 

16K 

101 

4-3 

175 

46 

9 

7 

33^ 

7 

22 

123^ 

18 

108 

4-10 

181 

47 

9 

7>^ 

^Yi 

7 

21 

13 

17 

105 

11-51 

183 

48 

9 

7^ 

33^ 

7 

21 

12K 

18 

106 

11-10 

184 

50 

9 

7^ 

•3 

63^ 

22 

12 

16 

103 

11-8 

184 

51 

8 

7 

2K 

6 

21 

12 

16 

100 

3-2 

175 

52 

8 

6>^ 

33^ 

7 

21 

12 

18 

105 

51-11 

169 

53 

8 

6>^ 

23^ 

6 

21 

12 

18 

105 

7-52 

169 

54 

8 

6H 

3 

63^ 

20 

12 

173^ 

102 

3-4 

170 

55 

8 

7 

3 

6K 

21 

12 

18 

105 

7-10 

175 

♦Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

fBlack-faced  type  indicates  a  lower  mould  made  especially  to  articulate  with  that  upper.  All  moulds 
are  arranged  in  order  of  excellence  of  articulation,  the  best  being  first. 

162 


TABLE  NO.   V>—{,Conlim(ed) 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH— GUM  UPPERS 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

1 

Width 

width 

Articulates 

'  Cut  and 

Mould 

Width 

Width 

full 

best  with 

descrip- 

No. 

Combined 

anteriors 

bicuspids 

molars 

lower  gum 

tion  on 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

b!t2 

and  shut 

moulds  t 

page 

56 

9 

7H 

3^ 

W2 

22 

12 

17 

105 

11-51 

185 

57 

8 

7j/3 

IH 

5 

22 

12 

17 

105 

6-7 

178 

58 

8 

8 

2 

6 

23 

13 

17H 

111 

52-11 

179 

59 

10 

7 

IH 

6 

21 

13 

17 

105 

6-8 

189 

60 

9 

ly-?. 

4 

7 

23 

13 

17 

109 

9-16 

185 

61 

9 

7^2 

3 

6 

22 

12 

17 

105 

4-7 

186 

62 

9 

7i/^ 

4 

6^ 

23 

13 

18 

111 

9-16 

186 

63 

9 

73/2 

2 

5 

22 

123^ 

17 

106 

11-6 

186 

64 

8 

7 

2 

51^ 

20 

12 

17 

105 

64-4 

176 

65 

9 

IV-?. 

4 

73^ 

24 

13 

18 

114 

9-16 

187 

66 

5 

6^ 

2 

6 

20 

12 

17 

101 

52-7 

166 

67 

8 

7 

2 

6H 

20 

IIH 

17 

100 

6-7 

176 

68 

10 

7^« 

4 

9 

23 

'  13 

18^ 

113 

68-9 

193 

69 

9 

7^ 

2K^ 

6H 

22 

12 

17 

105 

6-11 

187 

70 

8^2 

7 

4 

7 

21 

12 

16 

100 

19 

194 

71 

8^ 

7 

4 

72 

21 

12 

17 

102 

17 

195 

72 

9 

6 

4 

8 

21 

12 

17 

102 

8 

195 

73 

9 

7 

5 

8 

23 

13 

17 

108 

14 

196 

74 

8 

72 

4 

7 

22 

13 

18 

108 

18 

194 

75 

9 

7 

32 

7 

23 

13 

18 

110 

14 

196 

76 

8 

72 

3 

7 

21 

13 

18 

106 

15 

193 

77 

9 

7 

42 

9 

22 

13 

17 

106 

17 

197 

89 

10 

7 

5 

9 

24 

13 

18 

112 

15 

197 

TABLES  OF  UPPER  GUM  MOULDS  ARRANGED  BY  SIZE 

SHORT  MOULDS 
SHORT  AND  NARROW  t 


Dimensions  of 

Central 

Width 

anterior 

block 

Width 
bicuspid 

Width 
molars 

Width  full 

fourteen 

set  up 

Articulates 
best  with 
lower  gum 

Cut  and 

Mould 
No. 

Combined 

descrip- 
tion on 

Length 

bite   and 
shut 

moulds! 

page 

66 

5 

6 

20 

12 

17 

101 

52-7 

166 

3 

7H 

53^ 

21 

13 

18 

107 

7-4 

166 

35 

lYi 

W2 

19 

10 

15 

91 

35 

167 

25 

7^ 

W2 

20 

12 

163^ 

100 

7-3 

167 

4 

8 

6 

21 

12 

16 

101 

2-3 

167 

24 

8 

6 

21 

12 

16H 

102 

3-2 

168 

34 

8 

6 

20 

^Wi 

16 

98 

2-3 

168 

52 

8 

7 

21 

12 

18 

105 

51-11 

169 

53 

8 

6 

21 

12 

18 

105 

7-52 

169 

54 

8 

6H 

20 

12 

17  H 

102 

3-4 

170 

1 

8 

63^ 

21 

12 

163^ 

102 

4-3 

170 

2 

8 

6H 

21 

12 

17 

103 

4^3 

171 

5 

8 

7 

22 

123^ 

17 

106 

10-6 

171 

11 

8 

6 

21 

12 

16 

101 

7-4 

171 

flncludes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  8  mm.  long  or  less  and  7  mm.  wide  or  less. 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

§Black-faced  type  indicates  a  lower  mould  made  especially  to  articulate  with  that  upper.  All  moulds 
are  arranged  in  order  of  excellence  of  articulation,  the  best  being  first. 

163 


TABLE  NO.    %—{Contimie(£) 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH— GUM  UPPERS 

SHORT   M.Om.'D^— {Continued) 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


SHORT  AND  NARROW  t—C'on<mited 


Dimensions  of 

Central 

Width 

Width 

Width 

Width 
full     14 
set  up 

Articulates 
best  with 

Cut  and 

Mould   " 

No. 

Length 

Combined 
bite  and 

block 

bicuspid 

molars 

lower  gum 
moulds§ 

tion  on 
page 

shut 

20 

8 

6 

21 

12 

17 

103 

7-4 

172 

22 

8 

7 

22 

13 

17 

107 

10-4 

172 

29 

8 

7 

21 

12 

17 

103 

4-3 

173 

33 

8 

6 

21 

12 

17 

103 

2-4 

173 

37 

8 

73^ 

21 

11^ 

163^ 

101 

3-4 

173 

42 

8 

^Vi 

20 

123^ 

18 

104 

7-52 

174 

43 

8 

6H 

21 

Vi'Vl 

16H 

103 

8-6 

174 

45 

8 

6H 

21 

IIH 

163^ 

101 

4-3 

175 

51 

8 

6 

21t 

12 

16 

100 

3-2 

175 

55 

8 

6K 

21 

12 

18 

105 

7-10 

175 

64 

8 

5^ 

20 

12 

17 

105 

64-4 

176 

67 

8 

6H 

20 

113^ 

17 

100 

6-7 

176 

70 

8H 

7 

21 

12 

16 

100 

19 

194 

71 

8M 

73^ 

21 

12 

17 

102 

17 

195 

72 

9 

8 

21 

12 

17 

102 

8 

195 

flncludes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  8  mm.  long  or  less  and  7  mm.  wide  or  less. 
jCuspids  on  separate  block.    This  is  width  of  both  blocks,  set  up. 

SHORT  AND  MEDIUM  WIDEf 


13 

8 

6 

22 

123/^ 

17 

106 

11-10 

177 

17 

8 

7 

23 

12 

16 

106 

6-11 

177 

32 

8 

^Yi 

22 

viYi 

163^ 

105 

11-51 

178 

57 

8 

5 

22 

12 

17 

105 

6-7 

178 

74 

8 

7 

22 

13 

18 

108 

18 

J  94 

76 

8 

7 

21 

13 

18 

106 

15 

193 

TThis  group  includes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  8  mm.  long  and  between 
7  and  8  mm.  wide. 

SHORT  AND  WIDE 


58 


23 


13 


1734 


111 


52-11 


179 


MEDIUM  LONG  MOULDS 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  NARROW  t 


27 

Wi 

5H 

22 

1234 

1634 

105 

6-51 

179 

18 

9 

53^ 

21 

123^ 

17 

104 

6-7 

180 

21 

9 

8 

22 

12>^ 

173^ 

107 

10-6 

180 

41 

9 

7 

22 

1134 

17 

104 

52-11 

180 

46 

9 

7 

22 

1234 

18 

108 

4r-10 

181 

flncludes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  centrals  is  over  8  and  not  more  than  9  mm. 
long  and  7  mm.  wide  or  less. 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

§Black-faced  type  indicates  a  lower  mould  made  especially  to  articulate  with  that  upper.  All  moulds 
are  arranged  in  order  of  excellence  of  articulation,  the  best  being  fisst. 

164 


TABLE  NO.    \>,~{Conthmed) 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEE!  H-GUM  UPPERS 

LONG  MOULDS 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


MEDIUM  LONG  AND  MEDIUM  WIDEf 


Dimensions  of 

Central 

Width 

anterior 

block 

Width 
bicuspid 

Width 
molars 

Width 
full  14 

Articulates 
best  with 
lower  gum 

Cut  and 

No. 

Combined 

descrip- 
tion on 

Length 

bite  and 
shut 

moulds§ 

page 

38 

9 

6 

'23 

13 

17 

110 

11-7 

181 

6 

9 

^Vi 

22 

12 

16J^ 

104 

52-1 

182 

16 

9 

iVi 

23 

13 

18 

112 

16-8 

182 

23 

9 

7 

23 

13 

17 

109 

11-51 

182 

40 

9 

7 

22 

12J^ 

18 

108 

11-51 

183 

47 

9 

7 

21 

13 

17 

105 

11-51 

183 

48 

9 

7 

21 

123^ 

18 

106 

11-10 

184 

50 

9 

6^ 

22 

12 

16 

103 

11-8 

184 

56 

9 

lYi 

22 

12 

17 

105 

11-51 

185 

60 

9 

7 

23 

13 

17 

109 

9-16 

185 

61 

9 

6 

22 

12 

17 

105 

4^7 

186 

62 

9 

6^ 

23 

13 

18 

111 

9-16 

186 

63 

9 

5 

22 

12^ 

17 

106 

11-6 

186 

65 

9 

7.1^ 

24 

13 

18 

114 

9-16 

187 

69 

9 

6>i 

22 

12 

17 

105 

6-11 

187 

73 

9 

8 

23 

13 

17 

108 

14 

196 

75 

9 

7 

23 

13 

18 

110 

14 

196 

77 

9 

9 

22 

13 

17 

106 

17 

197 

89 

10 

9 

24 

13 

18 

112 

15 

197 

tincludes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  over  8  mm.  long  and  not  over  9;   and 
where  it  is  between  7  and  8  mm.  wide. 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  WIDE 


36 


23 


13 


18 


112 


9-1 


188 


LONG  AND  MEDIUM  WIDEf 


15 

9?^ 

7 

23 

13 

15^ 

107 

8-11 

188 

19 

10 

7 

22 

12K 

17 

106 

10-4 

189 

59 

10 

6 

21 

13 

17 

105 

6-8 

189 

39 

10 

7^ 

22 

UK 

16 

102 

11-4 

190 

44 

10 

7 

22 

13 

17 

107 

11-51 

190 

tincludes  all  moulds  where  the  enamel  surface  of  the  central  is  over  9  mm.  long  but  not  more  than 
10  mm.;  and  between  7  and  8  mm.  wide. 

LONG  AND  WIDE 


8 

10 

7 

25 

13 

17 

114 

12 

191 

68 

10 

9 

23 

13 

18K 

113 

68-9 

193 

14 

10 

7J^ 

23 

.  13 

17 

109 

53-9 

191 

9 

10 

7 

25 

13 

19 

118 

120 

192 

7 

12 

8 

25 

14 

21 

124 

13 

192 

10 

10 

9 

25 

13 

18 

116 

12 

191 

•Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

§  Black-faced  type  indicate.?  a  lower  mould  made  especially  to  articulate  with  that  upper.  All 
moulds  are  arranged  in  order  of  excellence  of  articulation,  the  best  being  first. 

165 


Twentieth    Century 
Vulcanite   Teeth 


GUM  UPPERS. 


SHORT     AND     NARROW. 


MOULD  66.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  5  mm.,  width  QYz  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.    Width  full  14,  101  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 

7  mm. 

The  shortest  upper  gum  mould.  The  enamel  surface  in  all  the  anteriors 
is  considerably  wider  than  it  is  long.  The  anterior  block  is  quite  flat,  and  may 
be  used  in  a  comparatively  wide  arch. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  prominent  over  the  cuspids  and  then 
slopes  away  rapidly  to  meet  the  bicuspid  blocks.  The  depressions  between  the 
roots  of  the  anteriors  are  very  faint. 

The  ridge  side  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  noticeably  hollowed  at  the  cuspid, 
indicating  the  use  of  this  mould  over  ridges  prominent  in  that  region. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  prominent  cusps,  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  52-7. 


MOULD  3.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  71^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central  5^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  107  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  dimensions  of  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  are  similar  to  those  in  mould 
35,  but  the  anterior  block  is  more  curved,  indicating  its  use  in  an  arch  not  so 
flat  between  the  cuspids. 

The  bicuspids  are  slightly  wider  than  those  in  mould  25,  and  the  molars 
considerably  wider.  The  result  is  that  this  set  is  noticeably  wider  than  in 
mould  25. 

This  mould  also  requires  slightly  more  vertical  space  for  the  anteriors, 
and  a  full  millimeter  more  for  the  posteriors. 

This   mould   articulates   well   with   lower   gum   moulds   7-4. 

166 


MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  71^  mm.,  width  G'\>^  mm., 
bite  2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors, 
20  mm.  Width  bicuspids,  10  mm.  Width  molars,  15  mm.  Vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  93  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 

The  gum  is  inclined  to  be  flat  above  all  the  anleriors  and  shows  no  prom- 
inence over  the  cuspid. 

The  anteriors  are  small  with  straight  sides  and  comparatively  wide  necks. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  well  curved. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  small  with  prominent  cusps  and  fairly  deep 
sulci.     The  result  is  that  the  full  fourteen  is  very  narrow. 

This  mould  articulates   well   with   lower  gum   mould   35. 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7^^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  %  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16 1>^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
mm.     Width  full  14,  100  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  shows  no  prominence  over  the  cuspid.  It 
rounds  away  evenly  from  the  central. 

The  enamel  surface  of  the  centrals  is  nearly  as  wide  as  it  is  long,  and  it 
tapers  to  a  rather  wide  neck.  The  laterals  are  more  triangular  and  are  set  on 
more  of  a  slant.  The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. ,   The  molars  are  rather  small. 

The  anterior  blocks  of  this  mould  are  rather  flat. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-3. 


MOULD  4.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  GYz   mm.,  bite 
2}^  mm.    Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.    Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 

107 


Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.     Width  molars,  16  mm.     Vertical  space,  molars,  5^^ 
mm.     Width  full  14,  101  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anteriors  is  medium  full  with  scarcely  visible  depres- 
sions between  roots.  It  curves  evenly  from  the  central  and  presents  no 
prominence  over  the  cuspid. 

The  enamel  space  of  the  centrals  is  longer  than  in  any  of  the  moulds 
so  far  described,  with  comparatively  straight  sides,  and  medium  wide  necks. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  medium  round. 

The  bicuspids  are  rather  small.     The   molars  are  of  medium  size. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  2-3-4. 


24 

MOULD  24.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width,  6^^  mm.,  bite 
2i>^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  IQM  mm.  Vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  102  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  cen- 
tral, 5  mm. 

Gum  of  anterior  blocks  is  quite  flat.  It  shows  depressions  between  roots 
quite  plainly  and  slight  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 

The  centrals  are  quite  narrow  in  proportion  to  their  length,  with  medium 
wide  necks.  The  anterior  blocks  are  medium  rounding.  The  bicuspids  and 
molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and  well  defined  sulci. 

This  mould  will  be  useful  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  comes 
about  6  mm.  below  the  surface  of  the  ridge. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  3-2-4. 


34 

MOULD  34.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  G%  mm.,  bite 
2^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  11  ^.^  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  98  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anteriors  is  rather  flat.  It  shows  faint  depressions  and 
very  slight  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 

The  centrals  are  of  the  same  dimensions  as  those  in  mould  24,  but  the 
anterior  block  is  narrower  and  a  good  deal  more  curved.  The  laterals  are 
quite  irregular,  somewhat  on  the  lap-lateral  style. 

168 


The  bicuspids  and  molars  arc  rather  small.  They  show  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci.  The  whole  fourteen  is  quite  narrow,  indicating  its  use  in  small 
mouths.  The  bicuspids  and  molar  blocks  require  only  5  mm.  vertical  space, 
and  may  l)c  used  for  quite  a  close  bite. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with   lower  L'um   mould  2-3. 


52 

MOULD  52.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  6^2  mm.,  bite 
SVz  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.     Width  full  14,  105  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  ;mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  very  smooth.  It  shows  almost  no  de- 
pression  and   is   not   prominent   over   the   cuspids. 

The  centrals  are  much  like  those  in  mould  ?A,  but  the  laterals  have  much 
wider  necks  and  the  cuspids  are  considerably  larger  in  all  dimensions.  The  re- 
sult is  that  the  anterior  blocks  are  each  one  a  millimeter  wider  than  in  mould 
34.  The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat.  The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size, 
while  the  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  molars  are  rather  large.  All  the  posteriors 
present  sharp,  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

The  anteriors  are  indicated  in  cases  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite 
comes  about  7  mm.  below  the  ridge.  The  posteriors  require  space  as  indi- 
cated. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  51-11. 


53 

MOULD  53.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  6^i  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  105  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central  4  mm. 

While  the  anterior  blocks  do  not  show  any  marked  prominences  over  the 
cuspids,  the  ridge  sides  of  the  gums  are  hollowed  to  allow  them  to  fit  ridges 
prominent  in  the  cuspid  region.  This  makes  the  labial  side  straighter  from 
central  to  cuspid  than  in  many  of  the  moulds.  The  cuspids  slant  mesially  and 
somewhat  inward  to  align  with  the   incisors. 

The  measurements  are  practically  identical  with  mould  52,  but  the  an- 
teriors have  narrow  necks,  and  the  anterior  blocks  are  more  rounding. 

This  mould  also  requires  slightly  less  space  between  the  ridge  and  labio- 
incisal  angle  of  bite. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-52-51. 

109 


MOULD  54.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  G)'^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^4  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  3-^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5^ 
mm.     Width  full  14,  102  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  very  thin  and  retreats  immediately 
above  the  festoon.  It  makes  this  mould  valuable  where  it  is  necessary  to 
avoid  bulk  under  the  upper  lip. 

The  dimensions  of  the  anteriors  are  nearly  the  same  as  those  in  moulds 
53  and  52,  but  the  anterior  blocks  are  more  rounding  and  a  trifle  narrower. 
The  bicuspids  are  a  little  smaller,  and  the  molars  noticeably  smaller.  The  re- 
sult is  that  the  full  fourteen  is  two  millimeters  narrower. 

This  mould  is  indicated  for  cases  presenting  the  same  size  arch  and  the 
same  distance  from  ridge  to  labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  as  in  the  two  moulds 
above,  but  where  the  mouth  is  narrower. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  3-4-2. 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16 1-^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5'^i   mm.     Width  full  14,  102  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4 


The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gums.  The  cuspid  is  set  well  out- 
ward and  the  ridge  side  of  the  gum  is  hollowed  behind  it  to  permit  this  block 
to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  the  cuspid  region.  The  depressions  on  this  gum  are 
faint.     The  anterior  blocks  are   quite  rounding. 

The  anteriors  appear  slightly  wedge  shape,  due  to  the  narrow  necks. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  width,  and  have  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  is  indicated  for  arches  narrow  from  side  to  side,  and  where  the 
labio-incisal  angle  of  bite  come  about  6J^  mm:  below  the  ridge. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-3. 

170 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  Qlz  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.     Width  full  14,  103  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  medium  full  and  shows  quite  plainly  de- 
pressions between  the  roots.  The  cuspid  is  set  far  enough  forward  to  give 
the  teeth  due  prominence  in  that  region  and  the  ridge  side  of  the  gum  is  con- 
siderably hollowed  behind  the  cuspid. 

The  dimensions  are  the  same  as  those  for  mould  1,  but  the  anterior 
blocks  are  .more  rounding. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-3-3. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  ^-^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.    Width  full  14.  106  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gums,  with  very  faint  depres- 
sions and  very  slight  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 

The  anteriors  show  quite  straight  approximal  sides  with  medium  wide 
necks.     The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  rounding. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  prominent  cusps,  and  deep 
sulci. 

The  anteriors  are  indicated  where  the  labio-incisal  angle  is  about  7  mm. 
below  the  ridge. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  10-6-11-51. 


MOULD  11.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.     Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 

171 


Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.     Width  molars,  16  mm.     Vertical  space,  molars,  9 
mm.    Width  full  14,  101  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  mould  shows  the  depressions  between  the  roots  of  the 
anteriors  rather  plainly.     There  are  no  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 

This  mould  is  practically  identical  with  mould  4,  except  that  the  anterior 
blocks  are  more  curved. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-4-3. 


20 

MOULD  20.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.    Width  full  14,  103  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

A  lap-lateral  mould. 

Anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gums,  with  especial  prominences  over 
the  lateral  roots.  The  ridge  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  evenly  hollowed. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  medium  curved. 

The  appearance  of  the  anteriors  is  distinguished  by  the  especially  long 
mesial  angle  of  the  laterals,  and  their  positions  with  reference  to  the  centrals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  Avell  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-4. 


MOULD  22.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2% 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors^  22  mm.. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  107  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm.  ' 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  thin  gum  which  retreats  immediately  above 
the  festoon.  The  prominences  over  the  roots  and  the  depressions  between 
them  are  plainly  marked,  and  there  is  a  noticeable  prominence  over  each  cus- 
pid. The  ridge  side  of  these  blocks  is  but  slightly  hollowed  over  the  centrals 
and  laterals,  but  much  more  so  over  the  cuspid.  It  will,  therefore,  fit  ridges 
prominent  in  the  cuspid  region. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  10-4-11-8. 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm- 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
mm.     Width  full  14,  103  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  ri^ge  side  of  the  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  hollow  over  the  cus- 
pid to  permit  it  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region.  The  labial  surface  is 
smooth,  showing  faint  depressions  between  the  roots  and  no  prominence 
■over  the  cuspids. 

The  anteriors  are  as  shown.  The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  flat.  The  bi- 
cuspids and  molars  are  medium  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  requires  7  mm.  between  the  ridge  and  the  labio-incisal  angle 
of  bite.     It  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-3. 


33 


MOULD  33.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
23'^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  15  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  103  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  first  bicuspid  in  this  mould  is  small;  the  second  medium;  the  molars 
small.     The  posteriors  all  show  prominent  cusps,  with  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  2-4-3. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  inclined  to  be  very  flat  and  smooth 
and  shows  no  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 


37 

MOULD  37.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7}^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11  J>^  mm.  Width  molars,  16^^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5%  mm.  Width  full  14,  101  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5 
mm. 

173 


The  measurements  of  this  mould  are  practically  identical  with  those  of 
mould  43,  but  the  shape  of  the  gum  portion  of  the  block  is  quite  different. 
In  mould  43  the  gum  shows  a  decided  prominence  over  each  cuspid,  which 
makes  the  anterior  blocks  rather  flat  as  far  distally  as  the  cuspid  eminence.  In 
this  mould  the  blocks  are  not  prominent  over  the  cuspid,  and  rounds  gradually 
from  the  centrals  to  the  bicuspids.  The  cuspids  in  this  mould  are  smaller  than 
in  mould  43.     The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  flat. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  3-4. 


42 

MOULD  42.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6}^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12 1^  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5%  mm.  Width  full  14,  104  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5 
mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  only  medium  full.  The  depressions  be- 
tween the  roots  are  plainly  visible,  and  there  is  a  prominence  over  each  cuspid. 
This  makes  the  labial  surface  of  these  blocks  rather  straight.  The  anterior 
blocks  are  quite  flat. 

The  measurements  are  practically  the  same  as  those  in  mould  29,  but  the 
laterals  and  cuspids  set  on  less  of  a  slant  towards  the  ridge,  and  show  wider 
necks. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-52. 


43 

MOULD  43.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3% 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12^^  mm.  Width  molars,  16 1^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5%  mm.  Width  full  14,  103  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5 
mm. 

The  ridge  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  hollowed  over  the  cuspids  to 
allow  them  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region.  The  prominence  of  the  cus- 
pids makes  the  labial  surface  quite  straight.     Anterior  blocks  are  quite  flat. 

The  anteriors  project  farther  below  the  pink  of  the  gums  and  the  cus- 
pids are  considerably  larger  than  in  mould  42. 

The  bicuspids  are  the  same  size,  but  the  molars  are  noticeably  smaller. 
The  sulci  in  the  posteriors  are  unusually  deep,  resulting  in  long  cusps. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  8-6-51. 

174 


MOULD  45.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite, 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  Q%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  llf^  mm.  Width  molars,  16^2  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  101  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

This  mould  is  distinguished  by  the  fact  that  the  anteriors  instead  of  set- 
ting nearly  perpendicular  to  the  gum,  incline  noticeably  outward.  This  makes 
a  block  which  is  thick  linguo-labially  over  the  ridge. 

This  mould  will  be  useful  in  cases  where  the  absorption  is  such  that  the 
anteriors  need  to  slope  forward  in  order  to  give  the  lips  their  proper  expres- 
sion. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-3. 


MOULD  51.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm 
Width  ,bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
mm.  Width  full  14,  100  mm.  Cuspids  on  separate  block.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 

This  mould  is  distinguished  by  having  the  cuspids  on  a  separate  block. 
This  permits  setting  the  blocks  holding  the  centrals  and  laterals  almost  straight, 
and  arranging  the  cuspids  as  desired.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  small, 
with  prominent  cusps  and  deep   sulci.      The  whole   fourteen   is  narrow. 

Articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  3-2. 


35 


MOULD  65.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  S  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  e^^^mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  105  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm, 

175 


The  gum  over  each  cuspid  is  quite  prominent  and  makes  the  blocks  nearly 
straight  on  the  labial  surface. 

The  bicuspids  are  rather  small.  The  molars  are  rather  large  with  square 
stirfaces.     All  the  posteriors  show  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  7-3  0-6-8. 


64 


MOULD  64.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
mm.     Width  full  14,  105  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  measurements  are  practically  the  same  as  those  of  mould  57,  but  the 
appearance  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  entirely  dififerent,  due  to  the  difference  in 
the  shape  of  the  gums.  The  gum  in  this  mould  is  much  less  prominent  than 
that  in  67,  and  the  natural  depressions  between  the  roots  of  the  anteriors  are 
delicately  indicated.  The  anteriors  slope  slightly  outward,  but  not  to  such  an 
extent  as  in  mould  67,  and  do  not  form  such  an  angle  with  the  gum.  The 
cuspid  in  this  mould  has  a  noticeable  mesial  slant  and  slants  also  somewhat 
inward. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  slightly  smaller  occlusal  surfaces,  shorter 
cusps  and  more  shallow  sulci  than  in  mould  67. 

Articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  64-4. 
This   mould   will   fit  well   ridges   that   are   quite   prominent   in   the   cuspid 
region. 


MOULD  67.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11^^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.    Width  full  14,  100  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  7  mm. 

The  gum  is  very  deep  over  the  centrals  and  curves  down  to  the  cuspids  in 
quite  a  different  manner  than  any  previously  shown.  The  gum  is  also  quite  full. 
That  is,  it  is  made  to  represent  a  plump  or  prominent  gum,  having  its  greatest 
plumpness  about  2  mm.  above  the  festoon  about  the  neck  of  the  central.    It 

176 


then  rounds  in  noticeably  to  form  the  festoons.  The  ridge  side  of  this  gum  is 
so  hollowed  that  it  will  best  fit  ridges  prominent  in  the  central  and  lateral 
region.     The  anteriors  project  down  and  out,  and  the  block  is  quite  rounding. 

The  bicuspids  are  rather  small.  The  molars  are  medium.  The  sulci  are 
deep,  and  the  cusps  prominent,  the  molar  cusps  especially  so. 

While  the  anteriors  of  this  mould  project  in  somewhat  the  same  way  as 
those  of  mould  45,  the  appearance  is  made  entirely  different  by  the  flatness  of 
the  gum  in  mould  45,  and  its  plumpness  in  this  mould. 

Articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-7. 


SHORT  AND  MEDIUM  WIDE. 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7I2  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12^4  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5% 
mm.    Width  full  14,  106  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  fairly  full  gum.  The  depression  between  the 
roots  of  the  anteriors  is  delicately  shown  and  the  cuspid  sets  far  enough  out 
to  give  the  blocks  a  somewhat  straight  labial  surface.  The  ridge  side  of  the 
block  is  very  hollow.  The  incisors  are  of  medium  size,  with  medium  wide  necks. 
The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  with  slightly  rounding  cusps  and  fairly 
deep  sulci. 

The  hollow  on  the  ridge  side  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  such  as  to  indicate 
the  use  of  this  mould  where  the  ridge  is  quite  prominent  in  the  anterior  re- 
gion, and  the  blocks  need  to  curve  about  it. 

This   mould  articulates  well   with  lower  gum  moulds   11-10-6-51. 


MOULD  17.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
3^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5}^  mm.  Width  full  14,  106  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central 
4  mm. 

177 


The  gum  in  the  anterior  blocks  is  retreating  and  thin.  The  eminences 
caused  by  the  roots  and  the  depressions  between  them  are  plainly  shown,  but 
there  is  no  special  eminence  over  the  cuspid. 

The  hollow  on  the  ridge  side  of  these  blocks  is  such  as  to  indicate  their 
use  where  the  gum  is  rather  flat. 

The   anteriors   are    of   quite   good   size   with   rather   narrow  necks. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  small,  with  prominent  cusps  and  fairly 
deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-11. 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7}^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12i>2  mm.  Width  molars,  16  ^.^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.    Width  full  14,  105  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  medium  full,  very  smooth,  and  shows 
no  prominence  over  the  cuspid.  The  anterior  teeth  flare  outward,  noticeably 
more  than  in  most  of  the  moulds  so  far  described.  The  cuspid  sets  quite 
well  forward  and  the  ridge  sides  of  the  blocks  are  so  hollowed  that  they  will 
fit  ridges  prominent  in  the  cuspid  section.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are 
medium  in  size,  with  medium  prominent  cusps  and  rather  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  should  be  valuable  in  cases  where  the  lower  anterior  teeth 
come  well  forward  and  it  is  desired  to  avoid  bulk  under  the  upper  lip. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-51-8-6-10. 


57 

MOULD  57.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7}i  mm.,  bite 
1}^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
4  mm.    Width  full  14,  105  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  is  medium  full,  with  very  gentle  markings.  The  ridge  side  of 
the  blocks  is  so  shaped  as  to  closely  fit  ridges  not  especially  prominent  in 
the  cuspid  regions.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  small,  with  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-7-4-2. 

178 


SHORT  AND  WIDE. 


MOULD  58.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17 14  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5%  mm.  Width  full  14,  111  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5 
mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  medium  full  gum,  with  faint  depressions 
between  the  roots.  There  are  no  prominences  over  the  cuspids.  The  ridge  side 
of  the  blocks  is  more  deeply  hollowed  over  the  laterals,  and  will  closely  fit 
ridges  prominent  at  that  point. 

The  anterior  teeth  are  of  medium  size.  The  centrals  show  rather  wide 
necks,  but  the  necks  of  the  cuspids  and  laterals  are  rather  narrow. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size.  The  bicuspids  have  very 
sharp  cusps  and  deep  sulci,  but  the  cusps  of  the  molars  are  not  so  prominent. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  52-11-8. 


MEDIUM  LONG  AND  NARROW. 


MOULD  27.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8^^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
2^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors  22 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12 1^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  105  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of 
central,  5  mm. 

The  gum  in  the  anterior  blocks  is  medium  full  and  very  smooth.  It 
shows  no  depressions  between  the  roots,  and  no  prominences  over  the  cuspids. 
The  labial  surfaces  of  the  cuspids  are  large  and  have  prominent  ridges. 

Articulate  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-51. 

179 


MOULD  18.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  G'^^  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  104  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anteriors  show  quite  full  gums,  with  depressions  between  the  roots 
of  the  anteriors.  While  there  is  no  special  prominence  over  the  cuspid,  this 
tooth  is  set  well  outward  making  the  labial  side  of  the  gum  rather  straight. 
The  ridge  side  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  hollowed  deeply  behind  the  cuspids 
to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  section.     The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  straight. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  a  trifle  less  than  medium  in  size,  with 
prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-7-8-10. 


27 

MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5  mm. 
Width  full  14,  107  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  retreating  gum,  with  marked  depressions 
between  the  roots.  The  cuspid  is  set  well  outward  and  there  is  a  prominence 
over  the  root.  The  result  being  that  the  labial  surface  of  the  block  is  rather 
flat.     The  ridge  side  of  the  gums  is  slightly  more  hollowed  over  the  cuspid. 

The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

This   mould   articulates  with  lower  gum   moulds   10-6-51. 


MOULD  41.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  S% 
mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.     Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm, 

180 


Width  bicuspids,  11^2    mm.     Width  molars,  17  mm.     Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  104  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gums,  quite  smooth.  The  laterals 
are  set  well  outward  and  there  is  a  slight  depression  over  the  root.  The  ridge 
side  of  the  gum  is  slightly  more  hollowed  behind  the  cuspid.  The  anterior 
blocks  are  quite  flat. 

The  laterals  are  set  with  the  distal  angle  twisted  outward,  almost  lapping 
the  central.    This  lends  an  appearance  of  naturalness. 

The  bicuspids  are  a  trifle  smaller  than  medium,  and  the  molars  medium. 
All  have  very  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  52-11. 


46 

MOULD  46.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  4  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm.  Width 
bicuspids,  12}^  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5}^  mm. 
Width  full  14,  108  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  full  gum,  with  broad  depressions  between 
the  root.  There  is  no  especial  prominence  over  the  cuspid,  but  the  ridge  side 
of  the  anterior  blocks  are  more  deeply  hollowed  at  this  point. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size.  The  cusps  are  prominent 
and  the  sulci  deep. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-10. 


MEDIUM  LONG   AND   MEDIUM  WIDE. 


MOULD  38.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8^  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5}ri 
mm.      Width  full  14,  110  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  medium  full  gum,  with  gently  rounding  prom- 
inences over  the  roots  and  shallow  depressions  between.  The  cuspid  is  set 
quite  well  outward,  and  the  ridge  side  of  the  blocks  are  so  shaped  that  they 
will  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region.  The  labial  side  of  the  gum,  however, 
is  not  especially  prominent  over  the  cuspid. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  all  respects. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  moulds  11-7-8-51. 

181 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  3.^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16 1,^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.    Width  full  14,  104  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  quite  a  full  gum.  The  prominences  over  the 
roots  and  the  depressions  between  them  are  very  faintly  indicated.  The  root 
of  the  cuspid  is  set  well  outward. 

The  ridge  side  of  the  blocks  is  quite  flat  over  the  central  and  lateral, 
but  quite  deeply  hollowed  over  the  cuspid  and  will  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this 
region. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 
The  molars  are  also  medium  with  short  cusps  and  shallow  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  moulds  52-1-11-8. 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7%  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7}^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.    Width  full  14,  112  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  a  medium  full  gum,  almost  'entirely  free  from 
markings.  There  is  no  prominence  over  the  cuspids.  The  ridge  side  of  the 
block  is  rather  shallow  and  curves  evenly  from  the  central. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 
The  molars  are  also  medium,  but  have  shorter  cusps  and  shallow  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  16-8. 


MOULD  23.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^   mm.,  bite 
3  %  mm.    Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.    Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 


182 


Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.     Width  molars,  17  mm.     Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  109  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

Medium  full  gum  showing  slight  depressions  between  the  roots  but  no 
prominence  over  the  cuspid.  The  ridge  side  of  the  block  is  evenly  hollowed 
throughout,  and  is  designed  to  fit  ridges  which  show  no  special  prominences. 

The  centrals  are  of  full  medium  size,  with  medium  wide  necks.  The  necks 
of  the  laterals  and  cuspids  are  narrow. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep 
sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-51. 


MOULD  40.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  IVz  mm.,  bite 
3^2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  J^  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  108  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  full  but  not  bulging,  and  the  depressions 
between  the  roots  of  the  anteriors  are  plainly  shown.  No  special  prominence 
over  the  cuspid.  The  gum  sides  of  the  blocks  are  evenly  hollowed  and  are 
intended  for  ridges  not  especially  prominent  in  the  cuspid  region.  The 
anterior  blocks  are  quite  curved. 

The  proportions  of  the  anterior  teeth  are  very  pleasing  for  faces  of  medium 
size. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  and  the  molars  inclined  to  be  small. 

The  cusps  are  fairly  prominent,  and  the  sulci  fairly  deep. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-51-1. 


MOULD  47.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  lYz  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  105  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gums  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  quite  full,  and  show  neither  prom- 
inences over  the  root  nor  depressions  between  them.  The  ridge  sides  of 
the  blocks  are  evenly  hollowed.     The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  rather  small,  with  slightly  rounding  cusps 
and  medium  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-51-8. 

183 


MOULD  48.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm,,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 

4  mm.    Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.    Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  121.^   mm.     Width  molars,  18  mm.     Vertical  space,  molars, 

5  mm.    Width  full  14,  106  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gums  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  medium  full,  but  the  prominences 
over  the  roots  and  the  depressions  between  give  them  the  appearance  of  being 
less  full  than  they  are.  There  is  no  especial  prominence  over  the  cuspid, 
but  the  cuspid  is  set  well  outward,  and  the  ridge  sides  of  the  block  are  more 
deeply  hollowed  in  this  region  to  fit  ridges  prominent  at  the  cuspid.  The 
anterior  blocks  are  very  rounding. 

The  central  is  full  medium  size,  the  lateral  and  cuspid  a  trifle  smaller  in 
proportion. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size,  with  fairly  prominent  cusps 
and  medium  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-10-1. 


MOULD  50.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7}i  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  G}>i  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
ram.    Width  full  14,  103  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

This  mould  is  immediately  distinguished  by  the  prominence  of  the  lateral, 
which  stands  forward  slightly  out  of  line,  somewhat  as  the  lap-lateral  moulds 
do  in  the  plain  teeth.     It  gives  an  added  appearance  of  naturalness. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  quite  full  but  not  bulging.  In  proper 
lights  it  shows  faint  depressions  between  the  roots.  The  anterior  blocks  are 
quite  curved.  The  ridge  sides  of  the  anterior  block  are  evenly  hollowed,  and 
are  intended  for  ridges  evenly  curved.  The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size,  with 
prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci.  The  first  molar  is  rather  small,  and  the 
second  molar  very  small. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-8-6. 

184 


MOULD  56.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  71.2  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5],^ 
mm.     Width  full  14,  105  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  almost  full  enough  to  be  called  bulging. 
It  shows  no  special  prominence  over  the  cuspid.  The  upper  margin  of  the 
block  is  so  curved  as  to  make  the  porcelain  of  the  gum  deepest  over  the 
cuspid  root. 

The  anterior  blocks  are  medium  curved. 

The  centrals  are  full  medium  size,  with  wide  necks.  The  cuspids  slope 
noticeably  mesially. 

In  proportion  to  the  anteriors  the  bicuspids  and  molars  seem  rather  small. 
The  bicuspids  have  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci,  and  the  molars  shorter 
cusps,  more  rounding. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  trum  moulds  11-51. 


MOULD  60.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^2  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  109  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gums  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  quite  full,  and  plainly  show  depres- 
sions between  the  roots.  There  is  no  especial  prominence  over  the  cuspid, 
but  the  upper  margin  of  the  block  curves  in  such  way  as  to  carry  the  gum 
high  at  this  point.  The  ridge  sides  of  the  block  are  most  deeply  hollowed 
over  the  lateral  and  will  fit  ridges  most  prominent  in  this  region. 

The  centrals  are  of  good  size.  The  lateral  and  cuspid  are  rather  large  in 
proportion. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  full  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps 
and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  9-16. 

185 


MOULD  61.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7'^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5  mm. 
Width  full  14,  105  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  quite  full,  and  shows  plainly  the  depres- 
sions between  the  roots.  It  is  most  prominent  over  the  lateral.  The  ridge 
sides  of  the  block  are  most  deeply  hollowed  over  the  lateral,  to  fit  ridges 
prominent  in  this  region.     The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  curved. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  somewhat  larger.  Both  molars 
are  small.    The  posteriors  all  show  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  4-7. 


MOULD  62.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.    Width  full  14,  111  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gums,  with  depressions  between  the 
roots.  There  is  quite  a  prominence  over  the  cuspid.  The  ridge  sides  of  the 
anterior  blocks  are  slightly  more  hollowed  at  the  cuspid  to  fit  ridges  which 
show   slight  prominence   in  this   region.     The  anteror  blocks   are   rather   flat. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  slightly  rounding  cusps 
and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  9-16. 


MOULD  63.     Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7'^i  mm.,  bite 
2  mm.     Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  mm.     Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 

186 


Width  bicuspids,  12 1,^    mm.     Width  molars,   17   mm.     Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  106  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  full  gums,  most  prominent  over  the  lateral,  and 
with  slight  depressions  between  the  roots.  The  cuspid  is  set  quite  well  out- 
ward, but  has  no  prominence  over  it.  The  ridge  sides  of  the  blocks  are 
slightly  more  hollowed  in  the  cuspid  region  to  fit  ridges  prominent  at  that 
point.     The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

This  ,mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-6. 


MOULD  65.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  71^  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  lYz  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  24  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.     Width  full  14,  114  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  9  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  bulging  gums  with  faint  depressions  between 
the  roots.  The  prominence  over  the  cuspid  is  not  very  well  marked  on  the 
labial  side  of  the  gum,  but  the  cuspid  is  set  well  outward,  and  the  ridge  sides 
of  the  block  are  considerably  hollowed  behind  it  to  fit  ridges  prominent  at 
that  point.     The  blocks  are  very  curved. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  seem  small  in  proportion  to  the  anterior  blocks. 
They  have  prominent  cusps,  deep  sulci,  and  retreating  gums. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  9-16. 


MOULD  69.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 
2}4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  Gy2  mm.  Width  3  anteriors, 
22  mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  105  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 

This  mould  is  distinguished  by  having  the  cuspids  on  separate  blocks. 
The  gums  of  the  anterior  block  are  quite  full  and  show  a  faintly  marked 
depression  between  the  roots.  The  blocks  are  almost  straight.  The  bicuspids 
and  molars  are  a  trifle  less  than  medium  in  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-11. 

187 


MEDIUM  LONG  AND  WIDE. 


MOULD  36.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  3^^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5  mm. 
Width  full  14,  112  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  full  gums,  with  very  faint  markings.  The 
cuspid  is  set  far  enough  outward  so  that  the  labial  surface  of  the  block  seems 
quite  straight.  The  ridge  surface  of  the  block  is  considerably  hollowed  behind 
the  cuspid  to  fit  ridges  prominent  at  this  point.  The  anterior  blocks  are  of 
medium  curve. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  show  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  9-1. 


LONG  AND  MEDIUM  WIDE. 


MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  dVz  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 
3  ^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  15 1^  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.    Width  full  14,  107  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gum,  with  very  faint  markings. 

The  ridge  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  not  deeply  hollowed,  and  will 
fit  ridges  which  curve  gradually  from  the  central,  with  no  especial  promi- 
nences. 

The  anterior  teeth  are  of  medium  size  with  narrow  necks. 

The  bicuspids  are  of  medium  size  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 
Compared  with  the  rest  of  the  set  the  molars  are  noticeably  small. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  8-11. 

188 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6  mm. 
Width  full  14,  106  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  have  quite  full  gums,  with  broad  depressions  between 
the  roots.  The  gum  sides  of  the  blocks  are  slightly  more  hollowed  back  of 
the  cuspid,  and  will  fit  ridges  which  show  a  slight  prominence  in  this  region. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  quite  flat. 

The  central  has  a  wide  neck,  but  the  lateral  and  cuspid  have  narrow  necks. 
All  three  are  set  on  a  noticeably  mesial  slant. 

The  first  bicuspid  is  small,  the  second  medium.  The  molars  are  small. 
All  the  bicuspids  have  prominent  cusps,  with  deep  sulci. 

Articulate  well  with  lower  gum  moulds  10-4-8. 


MOULD  59.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  l}^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.     Width  full  14,  105  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  rnrn. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  rather  flat,  and  shows  prominences  over 
the  roots,  with  broad  depressions  between.  The  cuspids  are  set  quit-e  well  for- 
ward, and  slight  prominences  over  the  cuspid  roots  make  the  labial  sides  of  the 
blocks  quite  straight.  On  the  ridge  side,  the  gum  is  hollowed  behind  the 
cuspid,  and  will  fit  ridges  which  show  slight  prominence  in  this  region. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  medium  curved. 

The  anterior  teeth  have  narrow  necks,  and  are  set  on  more  of  a  down- 
ward and  outward  slope  than  in  many  moulds. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium.  The  molars  are  rather  small.  All  have  prom- 
inent cusps  with  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  6-8-10. 

189 


MOULD  39.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  TVz  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7y2  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  113^  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  5 
mm.    Width  full  14,  102  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

A  lap-lateral  mould,  with  rather  full  gums,  and  very  faint  prominences 
over  the  roots.  The  cuspids  are  set  quite  well  outward  and  the  ridge  side  of  the 
gum  is  hollowed  behind  them  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  the  cuspid  region.  The 
anterior  blocks  are  medium  curved. 

The  position  of  the  laterals  in  these  blocks  is  such  as  to  give  the  plate 
a  more  natural  appearance  than  where  the  laterals  are  in  perfect  position. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size,  with  sharp  cusps  and  deep 
sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-4-1. 


MOULD  44.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm,,  width  TYz  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  6 
mm.    Width  full  14,  107  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  upper  margin  of  the  gum  in  the  anterior  blocks  is  so  curved  that  the 
gum  is  deepest  over  the  cuspid.  The  gums  are  medium  full  with  well  marked 
prominences  over  the  roots,  and  depressions  between.  These  blocks  will  fit 
ridges  which  are  slightly  prominent  in  the  cuspid  region.  The  anterior  blocks 
are  quite  curved. 

The  bicuspids  are  small.  The  buccal  cusp  is  about  medium  size,  but  the 
lingual  cusp  is  extremely  short  in  the  linguo-buccal  diameter.  The  molars  are 
medium  in  size. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  11-51. 

190 


LONG    AND    WIDE 


'  \   ■' 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  25  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  IZ%  mm.  Width  molars,  ll\-i  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.    Width  full  14,  114  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  anterior  blocks  show  medium  full  gum,  with  broad  prominences  and 
depressions.  The  ridge  side  of  the  blocks  is  about  equally  hollowed  through- 
out for  ridges  presenting  no  especial  prominences. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size,  with  prominent  cusps  and 
deep    sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with   lower  gum   mould    12. 


10  -w' 

MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  8i^  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  9  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  25  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  13  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  7 
mm.    Width  full  14,  116  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  ^Vz  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  rounds  away  evenly  and  shows  no  emi- 
nences over  the  roots  and  no  depressions  between  them.  The  ridge  side  of 
each  anterior  block  is  deeply  and  evenly  hollowed  to  fit  a  prominent  ridge. 

The  anterior  teeth  have  well  developed  individual  characteristics  as  per 
illustration.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  of  medium  size  with  prominent 
cusps  and  deep  sulci. 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
Zy^.  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.   Width  full  14,  109  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5^^  mm. 

191 


The  anterior  blocks  are  very  deep,  and  show  a  medium  full  gmm,  which 
does  not  bulge  in  the  vertical  diameter.  The  prominences  over  the  roots  are 
quite  broad,  and  the  depressions  are  plain.  The  anterior  blocks  are  medium 
curved. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  slightly  larger  than  medium,  with  promi- 
nent cusps  and  deep  sulci. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  moulds  9-53. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  8^^  mm.,  bite 
314  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  25 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  20  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars, 
5  mm.  Width  full  14,  118  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5 
mm.,  over  the  lateral,  7  mm.,  over  the  cuspid,  6  mm. 

The  upper  margins  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  so  curved  that  the  gum  is 
deepest  over  the  lateral.  This  is  to  allow  the  use  of  these  blocks  in  cases  where 
the  gum  is  freely  exposed  in  laughing,  but  where  the  presence  of  the  frenum 
prevents  the  gum  being  higher  in  the  median  line.  The  gum  of  the  anterior 
blocks  is  quite  full  and  shows  noticeable  prominences  over  the  cuspids.  The 
gum  side  of  the  blocks  is  imost  deeply  hollowed  back  of  the  cuspid  to  fit 
ridges  prominent  in  this  locality. 

The  anterior  teeth  are  large,  and  set  on  a  noticeable  slant. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  a  little  larger  than  medium,  with  prominent 
cusps  and  deep  sulci.     The  full  fourteen  is  very  wide. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  mould  120. 


MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  12  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  25  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  14  mm.  Width  molars,  21  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  8 
mm.    Width  full  14,  124  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

A  very  large  mould.  The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  quite  full,  with 
faint  markings.  There  is  a  prominence  over  the  root  of  each  cuspid  and  the 
gum  behind  the  cuspid  is  more  hollowed  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  less  than  medium  curved. 

192 


The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  large,  with  prominent  cusps  and  deep  sulci, 
and  the  full  fourteen  is  very  wide. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  mould  13. 


GU 


MOULD  68.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  9  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  ISM  mm.  Vertical  space,  molars,  7 
mm.    Width  full  14,  113  mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  shows  faint  depressions  between  the  roots 
of  the  teeth.  The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat  but  are  well  hollowed  on  the 
ridge  sides. 

The  anterior  teeth  are  of  very  pleasing  form  and  show  faintly  marked 
transverse  ridges. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size  with  fairly  deep  sulci  and  sharp  cusp. 
The  molars  are  also  medium  in  size  but  have  shallow  sulci  and  short  but  sharp 
cusps. 


New  Gum  Moulds 


76 


MOULD  76.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Width  full  14,  106  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  relatively  smooth,  showing  broad,  shal- 
low eminences  and  shallow  depressions  between  the  teeth.  The  lingual  side 
of  the  upper  blocks  is  evenly  hollowed  to  fit  ridges  not  prominent  in  the 
cuspid  region. 

A  lap-lateral  mould.  The  centrals  sit  on  a  noticeable  slant  to  the  median 
line,  carry  their  width  well  up  to  the  cervical  third,  and  present  rather  wide 
necks. 

193 


The  laterals  have  long  mesial  angles  which  lap  the  distal  surfaces  of  the 
centrals.  They  maintain  the  straight-sided  character  of  the  central,  but  slope 
to  rather  narrow  necks. 

The  cuspids  slope  noticeably  toward  the  median  line  and  preserve  well 
the  character  shown  in  the  laterals. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  have  well  defined  occlusal  surfaces  of  medium 
size  and  pleasing  character. 

This  mould  articulates  with  gum  vulcanite  lower   mould   No.   15. 


MOULD  74.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7^  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Comibined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm.  Width' 
bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Width  full  14,  108  mm.  Depth 
of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  very  even,  showing  broad,  shallow  de- 
pressions between  the  roots  of  the  teeth.  The  lingual  side  of  the  blocks  is 
noticeably  hollow  at  the  cuspids,  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  section. 

A  short  wide  mould,  in  which  the  size  and  shape  of  the  laterals  over- 
come the  effect  of  the  rather  wide  central,  and  give  a  pleasing  effect  to  all 
four  anteriors.  The  cuspids  are  not  noticeably  large,  but  have  a  good  deal 
of  character  in  the  labial  surfaces  and  appear  well  in  the  mouth. 

The  bicuspids  are  slightly  larger  than  medium.  The  molars  are  medium 
in  size. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  18. 


MOULD  70.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8%  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  16  mm.  Width  full  14,  100  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  so  marked  as  to  produce  most  pleas- 
ing changes  of  light  and  shade.  The  eminences  over  the  roots  of  the  latera,l 
and  cuspid  are  well  marked  as  are  the  depressions  between  the  teeth.  The 
gum  is  carried  out  in  such  way  as  to  make  a  considerable  prominence  in  the 
cuspid  region. 

A  straight-sided  mould,  tapering  to  a  pleasing  neck.  The  character  of 
the  curves  in  the  approximal  surfaces  of  the  laterals  softens  the  straight- 
sided  outline  in  such  way  as  to  give  a  really  pleasing  effect.     The  cuspids  are 


194 


like  the  laterals  in  character  and  are  well  proportioned  to  the  other  anteriors. 
The  anterior  blocks  are  rather  flat  and  are  well  calculated  to  carry  out  the 
cuspid  eminence  where  the  patient  needs  fulness  at  the  corners  of  the  mouth. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size  with  well  defined  occlusal 
surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum   vulcanite   mould   No.   19. 


MOULD  71.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8^4.  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.    Width  molars,  17  mm.     Width  full  14,  102  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  shows  sufficient  markings  to  have  good 
character.  The  festoons  over  the  roots  of  the  teeth  are  fairly  prominent  but 
round  softly  away  into  the  gum  above.  The  lingual  side  of  the  anterior  blocks 
is  well  hollowed  at  the  cuspids. 

The  centrals  present  an  evenly  curved  outline  which  will  harmonize  with 
a  good  many  faces  which  show  no  marked  character.  The  approximal  curves 
are  even  and  pleasing,  and  the  labial  surfaces  are  smooth  and  practically  free 
from  the  markings.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size  with  well 
marked  occlusal  surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  17. 


MOULD  72.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  6^^  mm.,  bite  4 
ram.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Width  full  14,  102  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  relatively  smooth,  showing  very  slight 
eminences  over  the  central  and  lateral  roots,  but  more  pronounced  eminences 
over  the  cuspids.  The  lingual  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  well  hollowed 
at  the  cuspids  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region. 

This  is  a  mould  of  a  type  formerly  known  as  "nervous."  The  anterior 
teeth  have  the  outline  of  the  teeth  frequently  seen  in  people  of  what  is  called 
the  "nervous  temperament."  The  labial  surfaces  are  marked  enough  to  break 
up  the  light,  hurt  not  enough  to  show  the  markings  unless  closely  observed. 
The  laterals  and  cuspids  carry  out  very  well  indeed  the  character  of  the  cen- 
tral and  make  the  mould  suitable  for  people  with  rather  long,  narrow  faces, 
with  gently  curving  outlines  and  medium  narrow  chins. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  8. 

195 


MOULD  73.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  num.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  5 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.    Width  molars,  17  mm.     Width  full  14,  108  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  very  smooth  showing  no  eminences 
over  the  central  or  lateral  roots  and  only  slight  eminences  over  the  cuspids, 
and  slight  depressions  between  the  lateral  and  the  cuspid.  The  lingual  sides 
of  the  anterior  blocks  are  well  hollowed  at  the  cuspids  to  fit  ridges  prominent 
in  this  region. 

The  anterior  blocks  are  given  their  special  character  by  the  shape  of 
the  laterals,  which  are  shorter  than  the  centrals  which  are  set  on  a  decided 
slope  toward  the  median  line,  and  which  have  distal  angles  noticeably  cut 
away  as  if  by  wear  from  the  lower  anteriors.  The  result  is  that  the  blocks 
have  a  very  pleasing  character.  The  gum  is  smooth  with  just  enough  undula- 
tion to  give  pleasing  lights  and  shadows.  The  cuspid  eminences  are  not  par- 
ticularly marked. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  14. 


MOULD  75.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  23  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  nim.  Width  of  full  14,  110  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  smooth,  showing  no  eminences  above 
any  of  the  roots  and  only  very  shallow  depressions  where  the  gum  goes  down 
between  the  teeth.  The  lingual  sides  of  the  gum  blocks  are  evenly  hollowed 
in  order  that  they  may  fit  more  perfectly  ridges  showing  no  special  eminence 
at  the  cuspid  region. 

The  upper  anteriors  differ  by  pleasing  curves  to  medium  wide  necks.  The 
laterals  are  set  to  lap  the  centrals  somewhat  and  are  slightly  more  prominent 
at  the  distal  angle  of  the  centrals.  The  bicuspids  and  molars  are  medium  in  size 
with  well  marked  occlusal  surfaces. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  14. 

196 


MOULD  77.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
4^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  22  mm.  Width 
bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Width  full  14,  106  mm.  Depth 
of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  relatively  smooth  showing  very  slight 
eminences  over  the  roots  and  very  shallow  depressions  between  the  roots. 
The  lingual  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  well  hollowed  at  the  cuspid  to 
fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region. 

The  anteriors  of  this  mould  have  smooth  surfaces.  The  labial  surface  of 
the  central  might  be  called  bulging.  The  curve  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  flat 
and  the  cuspid  eminence  is  well  carried  out. 

The  bicuspids  are  medium  in  size  and  the  molars  a  trifle  smaller  than 
medium,  noticeably  the  second  molar. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  17. 


MOULD  89.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  9  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  24  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Width  full  14,  112  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  5  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  block  is  very  smooth.  There  is  practically  no- 
eminence  over  the  roots  of  the  centrals,  but  the  roots  of  the  lateral  and  cus- 
pid show  plainly.  The  lingual  sides  of  the  anterior  blocks  are  especially  well 
hollowed  at  the  cuspid  to  fit  ridges  prominent  in  this  region. 

The  centrals  and  laterals  in  this  mould  carry  their  widths  up  through 
their  incisal  halves  and  then  taper  to  medium  round  necks.  The  labial  sur- 
faces are  without  the  markings  seen  in  many  artificial  teeth  and  resemble 
teeth  which  have  been  worn  smooth  by  lip  action.  The  bicuspids  are  slightly 
larger  than  medium.  The  first  molar  is  of  good  size,  but  the  second  molar  is. 
noticeably  smaller  in  order  not  to  carry  the  molar  block  too  far  back  on  the 
model. 

This  mould  articulates  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  15. 

197 


28        '•^^ 

MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  lO^/^.  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite 
5  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  &i/^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  25 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Width  full  14,  114 
mm.     Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 

The  gum  of  the  anterior  blocks  is  strongly  marked.  The  festoons  of 
gum  over  the  root  of  each  tooth  are  prominent  and  the  depressions  between 
the  roots  are  marked.  The  central  and  cuspid  roots  are  prominent,  the  lateral 
roots  retreating  slightly.  The  anterior  blocks  are  relatively  flat  and  are  evenly 
hollowed  from  the  lingual  side,  to  accommodate  ridges  not  prominent  in  the 
cuspid  region. 

This  is  a  large  mould,  but  the  outlines  soften  the  appearance  of  size,  so 
that  in  mouths  where  it  is  indicated,  it  does  not  appear  noticeably  large.  All 
three  anterior  teeth  set  with  only  slight  mesial  slopes. 

This  mould  articulates  well  with  lower  gum  vulcanite  mould  No.  28. 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH 

GUM  UPPERS— 4's  FRONT. 


TABIvB  OF  UPPER  GUM  MOULDS— 4's  FRONT. 

(ALI,  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MII^WMETERS.)* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

Combined 
Width 

Cut 
and 

Mould 

Depth  of 

Combined 

Gum 

Central 

Descrip- 

No. 

I<ength 

Width 

Bite 

Bite  and 

above 

and 

tion  on 

Shut 

Festoon 

I,ateral 

Page 

1 

8 

7 

2 

5^ 

3M 

14 

199 

2 

9 

7 

3H 

8 

4 

14 

199 

3 

9 

8 

^2 

W2 

7 

14 

199 

4 

10 

8 

4 

8 

7 

14 

199 

5 

5M 

7 

2 

6 

^'A 

13 

200 

6 

8 

8 

2 

5K 

4 

15 

200 

7 

9 

8K 

3 

W2 

4K 

17 

200 

8 

8K 

7 

m 

^¥2 

4K 

14 

201 

9 

9 

7 

3 

6 

4 

14 

202 

10 

10 

7 

3 

7 

4 

14 

201 

11 

^'A 

7 

3K 

7)^ 

4M 

15 

202 

12 

10 

7M 

2M 

6H 

4 

14 

202 

29 

9 

7M 

m 

7M 

5 

15 

202 

30 

8 

^Vi 

2M 

^'A 

4K 

13 

202 

31 

8 

6 

3 

7 

4 

13 

202 

32 

8 

8 

2 

6 

3 

15 

203 

33 

8K 

7 

2K 

7 

4K 

14 

203 

34 

8 

7 

2M 

6M 

3H 

14 

203 

35 

9 

7M 

3 

7 

4 

15 

203 

36 

9 

8K 

W2 

6K 

4M 

16 

204 

*Owing-  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

198 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5i>2  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  3^  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

Labial   surface  of  central   quite   rounding.      Gum   quite   prominent. 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  3^^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

The  gum  is  medium  full.  Shows  a  well  marked  depression  'between  the 
teeth. 


MOULD  3.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  Z% 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7^^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  7  mm.     Combined  width  of  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

A  very  deep  gum  over  the  central.  Gum  is  full  and  only  faintly  marked. 
Ridge  side  of  block  is  well  hollowed. 


MOULD  4.     Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.    Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.    Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

199 


of  central.  7  mm. 


Medium   full   gum   faintly   marked.      The  ridge   side   of  the   gum   is   quite 
hollow. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  5  3-4  mm.,  width  7  mm,,  bite 
2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  5^  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  13  mm. 

Centrals  are  much  wider  than  they  are  long.  The  gum  is  full,  almost  bulg- 
ing, and  is  but  faintly  marked.  The  gum  portion  of  the  block  is  quite  thick. 
It  is  evenly  hollowed  on  the  labial  surface. 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm,,  width  8  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  5  f4  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  15  mm, 

A  short  wide  central.  A  medium  full  gum  with  shallow  depressions  be- 
tween the  roots.     Lingual  side  of  block  quite  hollow. 


MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  8%  mm,,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7'^^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  fes- 
toon of  central,  4^^  mm.     Combined  width  of  central  and  lateral,  17  mm. 

Large  central  and  lateral,  well  separated.  Well  marked  depressions  be- 
tween the  teeth.  Gum  medium  full.  Ridge  side  of  the  block  is  well  hollowed 
especially  over  the  lateral. 

200 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8^.^  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
iy2  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  BYz  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  iYz  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

A  very   pleasing  mould   with   medium   full   gum. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.    Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

The  teeth  slope  outward  more  than  with  most  moulds,  making  the  gum 
seem  rather  retreating.    In  reality  the  gum  is  medium  full. 


MOULD  10,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  10  mm.,  vsddth  7  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.  Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm, 

A  rather  flat,  straight  gum  with  a  depression  between  the  teeth. 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  QYz  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
Z}^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7^4  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  4J>^  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  15  mm, 

A  medium  full  gum,  faintly  marked.  The  ridge  side  of  the  block  is  but 
little  hollowed. 

201 


MOULD  12.  Dimensions  of  centrals  length  10  num.,  width  7'^^  mm.,  bite 
21.^  itlm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6}^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  4  mm.    Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

The  gum  is  retreating.  From  immediately  above  the  teeth  it  falls  away 
and  presents  an  almost  smooth,  straight  surface. 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^4  mm.,  bite 
3^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7'^^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  5  mm.    Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  15  mm. 

A  full,  almost  bulging  gum,  practically  without  markings.  The  ridge  side 
of  the  block  is  quite  hollow. 


MOULD  30.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  6%  mm.,  bite 
2f^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
festoon  of  central,  4i>^  mm.     Combined  wddth  central  and  lateral,  13  mm. 

A  medium  full  gum,  smooth  and  almost  without  markings. 


MOULD  31.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  6  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  13  mm. 

When  the  small  size  of  the  teeth  is  considered,  the  gum  is  bulging.  It  is 
smooth  and  shows  no  markings. 

202 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  3  mm.     Combined  width  of  central  and  lateral,  15  mm. 

The  central  is  very  short  and  wide.  The  gum  is  medium  full  and  very 
smooth. 


MOULD  33.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  S^i  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite 
2^  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  fes- 
toon of  central,  4:%  mm.    Combined  vndth  of  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

Quite  a  full  gum  over  the  teeth  but  with  well  marked  depression  between. 


34 

MOULD  34.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  8  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  bite  2% 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6}^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  Z14   mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  14  mm. 

The  gu,m  is  medium  full  and  shows  no  markings. 


MOULD  85.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon 
of  central,  4  mm.     Combirted  width  of  central  and  lateral,  15  mm. 

Medium  full  gum,  very  smooth. 

203 


MOULD  36.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  length  9  mm.,  width  S},^  mm.,  bite 
UJ4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6}^  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above 
iestoon  of  central,  4:%  mm.     Combined  width  central  and  lateral,  16  mm. 

A  medium  full  gum  with  a  depression  between  the   teeth. 


CHART  OF  GUM  VULCANITE  TEETH, 
WITH  TERMS  FOR  ORDERING. 


Tens  [lUsJ 


Twenty-eights  [28s] 
204 


TWENTIETH  CENTURY  VULCANITE  TEETH— GUM  LOWERS 


TABLE  OF  LOWER  GUM  MOULDS,  ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

i 

Cut  and 
descrip- 

Mould 

Com- 
bined 
bite  and 

Width 

three 

anteriors 

Width 

Width 

Width 

full 
fourteen 

gum  below 

No. 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

bicuspids 

molars 

festoon 
of  Central 

tion  on 
page 

shut 

1 

71/^ 

m 

3 

6 

18 

11^ 

17 

95 

3^ 

207 

2 

8 

4 

4 

6^ 

16 

11 

17 

91 

4 

208 

3 

7 

3V. 

3 

6 

16 

11 

17 

90 

4 

206 

4 

8 

4 

3 

6 

17 

12 

17 

94 

3 

208 

6 

8 

4 

3 

6 

17 

IIH 

17 

93 

3^ 

208 

7 

7 

4 

3^ 

6H 

17 

12 

17^ 

95 

3 

207 

8 

8 

31/^ 

3 

63^ 

16 

12 

17H 

93 

33^ 

207 

9 

8 

4 

3 

7 

19 

13 

18 

102 

4 

208 

10 

8 

4 

4 

6^ 

17 

11)^ 

1'1V2 

94 

4H 

209 

11 

8 

4 

3 

6}^ 

17 

12 

17 

94 

3 

209 

12 

8 

5 

3 

7 

20 

13^ 

21 

114 

5 

210 

13 

10 

5 

3 

7 

20 

13K 

21 

112 

4 

211 

16 

8 

4 

4 

8 

18^ 

13H 

19 

114 

4 

209 

35 

6 

3 

2 

53^ 

15 

11 

153^ 

85 

4 

206 

51 

8 

4V^ 

3H 

6J^ 

17 

12H 

17H 

96 

3H 

209 

52 

7 

4 

2 

6 

18 

12 

17K 

97 

3 

207 

53 

11 

4 

4 

8 

19 

13 

19 

104 

2 

211 

64 

7 

31^ 

2V9. 

6 

17 

12^ 

19 

99 

4 

206 

68 

81/^ 

4 

ZVo. 

7 

18 

13 

18 

100 

4 

210 

105 

8 

5 

3 

7 

21 

13^ 

19 

110 

4 

210 

120 

8 

5 

33^ 

7 

20 

13H 

20 

110 

5 

210 

TABLE  OF  LOWER  GUM  MOULDS,  ARRANGED  BY  SIZE 


DIMENSIONS  OF  CENTRAL 

Width 

Width 

Width 

Width 

Depth  of 
gum  below 

Cut  and 

Mould 

descrip- 

No. 

Com- 

three 

bicuspids 

molars 

full 

festoon  of 

tion  on 

Length 

Width 

Bite 

bined 

bite  and 

shut 

anteriors 

fourteen 

Central 

page 

35 

6 

3 

2 

53^ 

15 

11 

15K 

85 

4 

206 

3 

7 

31/^ 

3 

6 

16 

11 

17 

90 

4 

206 

64 

7 

31/^ 

21^ 

6 

17 

12>^ 

19 

99 

4 

206 

52 

7 

4 

2 

6 

18 

12 

173^ 

97 

3 

207 

7 

7 

4 

31^ 

63^ 

17 

12 

173^ 

95 

3 

207 

1 

73^ 

4^ 

3 

6 

18 

UH 

17 

95 

33^ 

207 

8 

8 

3^ 

3 

63^ 

16 

12 

17^ 

93 

33^ 

207 

2 

8 

4 

4 

6^ 

16 

11 

17 

91 

4 

208 

4 

8 

4 

3 

6 

17 

12 

17 

94 

3 

208 

6 

8 

4 

3 

6 

17 

113^ 

17 

93 

3H 

208 

9 

8 

4 

3 

7 

19 

13 

18 

102 

4 

208 

10 

8 

4 

4 

63^ 

17 

113^ 

17K 

94 

43^ 

209 

11 

8 

4 

3 

63^ 

17 

12 

17 

94 

3 

209 

16 

8 

4 

4 

8 

183^ 

13^ 

19 

104 

4 

209 

51 

8 

43^ 

33^ 

63^ 

17 

123^ 

173^ 

96 

3K 

209 

12 

8 

5 

3 

7 

20 

133^ 

21 

114 

5 

210 

120 

8 

5 

33^, 

7 

20 

133^ 

20 

110 

5 

210 

105 

8 

5 

3 

7 

21 

13^ 

19 

110 

5 

210 

68 

^V9. 

4 

33^ 

•  7 

18 

13 

18 

100 

4 

210 

13 

10 

5 

3 

7 

20 

13^ 

21 

112 

4 

211 

53 

11 

4 

4 

8 

19 

13 

19 

104 

2 

211 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 

205 


Gum  Vulcanite  Moulds 

In  Twentieth  Century,  Solila  and  Dentsply  Teeth 


LOWER  MOULDS 
35 


MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  6  mm.,  width  3  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  55^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  15  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11  mm.  Width  molars,  15^/^  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  85  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 


MOULD  3.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7  mm.,  width  Z%  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  16  mm.i 
Width  bicuspids,  11  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space.,, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  90  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 


64 


MOULD  64.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7  mm.,  width  3^  mm.,  bite 
'2%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  7  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12^  mm.  Width  molars,  19  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  17  mm.  Width  full  14,  99  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 

206 


MOULD  52.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  2 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  18  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17^  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  97  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 


MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  3^ 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^  "^^n-  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17^2  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  95  mm.  Depth  of  gum  above  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  7^^  mm.,  width  4%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  18  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11^/^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space,, 
molars,  6  mm.    Width  full  14,  95  mm.    Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central. 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  3%  mm.,  bite 
3  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  G%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  16  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17^  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  93  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
3%  mm. 

207 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  G]4  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  16  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  91  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 


MOULD  4.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  5  mm.  Width  full  14,  94  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  3  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm.  Width 
bicuspids,  11^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space,  molars, 
6  mm.  Width  full  14,  93  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  fcentral,  Z'^/^ 
mm. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  19  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  IS  mm.  Required  vertical  space 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  102  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 

208 


MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  11^  mm.  Width  molars,  17^  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  G%  mm.  Width  full  14,  94  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  cen- 
tral, 4:%  mm. 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  94  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
3  mm. 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite  4 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  18^^  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13^^  mm.  Width  molars,  19  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  7  mm.  Width  full  14,  104  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
4  mm. 


MOULD  51.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  4^/^  mm.,  bite 
3%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  6^  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  12^^  mm.  Width  molars,  17^  mm.  Required  vertical 
space,  molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  96  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  o£ 
central,  3^  mm. 

209 


MOULD  12.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm^ 
Width  bicuspids,  13^  mm.  Width  molars,  21  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  7  mm.  Width  full  14,  114  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
5  mm. 

120 


MOULD  120.  Dimensions  of  central:  Length  8  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite 
3K  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13^^  mm.  Width  molars,  20  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  7  mm.  Width  full  14,  110  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
5  mm. 

105 


MOULD  105.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  21  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13^  mm.  Width  molars,  19  mm.  Required  vertical  space 
molars,  7  mm.  Width  full  14,  110  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
5  mm. 

Medium  full  gums  with  shallow  markings.  Teeth  of  pleasing  form,  dis- 
tinctly separated. 

Bicuspids  and  molars  medium  in  size  with  sharp  cusps  and  deep  sulci. 


MOULD  68.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8^  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite 
S%  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  18  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  7  mm.  Width  full  14,  100  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central, 
2  mm. 

210 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  10  mm.,  width  5  mm.,  bite  3 
mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13^  mm.  Width  molars,  21  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  7  mm.,  Width  full  14,  112  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  cen- 
tral, 4  mm. 

53 


MOULD  53.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  11  mm.,  width  4  mm.,  bite 
4  mm.  Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  19  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  19  mm.  Required  vertical  space, 
molars,  6  mm.  Width  full  14,  104  mm.  Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  cen- 
tral, 2  mm. 

14 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  central:  Length  8  mm.,  width  4^^  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  7%  mm.  Width  3  anteriors,  17  mm.  Width 
bicuspids,  12  mm.  Width  molars,  18  mm.  Width  full  14,  97  mm.  Depth  of 
gum  below  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 


MOULD   15.     Dimensions  of  central:     Length    8  mm.,    width    i^^  mm. 

Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,    7^^   mm.     Width    3    anteriors,    18  mm. 

Width  bicuspids,    12  mm.     Width  molars,    19  mm.      Width    full    14,    101  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 


211 


MOULD    17.     Dimensions   of  central: 
Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  7  mm. 
bicuspids,  12  mm.     Width  molars,  18  mm. 
gum  below  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 


Length    8  mm.,    width    414    nun. 

Width  3  anteriors,  16  mm.     Width 

Width  full  14,  95  mm.     Depth  of 


MOULD   18.     Dimensions  of  central:     Length    7^^   mm.,    width    5  mm. 

Combined  bite  and  shut    of    central,    ly^    mm.     Width    3    anteriors,    18  mm. 

Width  bicuspids,  12  mm.     Width  molars,  17    mm.     Width    full    14,    97  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  central:  Length  9  mm.,  width  5  mm.  Com- 
bined bite  and  shut  of  central,  8>^  mm.  Combined  width  3  anteriors,  20  mm. 
Width  bicuspids,  13  mm.  Width  molars,  19  mm.  Width  full  14,  107  mm. 
Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central,  4  mm. 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  central:  Length  8  mm.,  width  4^4  mm. 
Combined  bite  and  shut  of  central,  8  mm.  Combined  width  3  anteriors,  17 
mm.  Width  bicuspids,  lli/^  mm.  Width  molars,  17  mm.  Width  full  14,  94 
mm.     Depth  of  gum  below  festoon  of  central,  3  mm. 

212 


CHAPTER  XIII 

Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings 

(patent  applied  for) 


The  greatest  improvement  which  has  been  made  in  pin  facings 
in  a  decade,  consists  in  pointing  the  pins  so  that  they  may  be  thrust 
through  gold  backings.  This  improvement  is  confined  to  Dentsply 
Pointed  Pin  Facings.  In  every  other  respect  save  the  pointing  of 
the  pins,  these  facings  are  like  the  regular  line  of  Dentsply  Facings. 
They  are  made  of  the  famous  Twentieth  Century  Porcelain,  in 
all  shades,  and  in  a  carefully  selected  line  of  moulds,  illustrations 
and  dimensions  of  which  will  be  found  immediately  following. 

The  pins  are  the  largest  in  diameter  offered  in  facings  at  the 
present  time.  They  are  long  enough  to  permit  satisfactory  repair 
by  means  of  the  Bryant  Bridge  Repair  Outfit. 

The  operating  advantages  of  these  facings  may  be  summed  up 
as  follows : 

Speed  of  Backing  Adaptation.  Merely  lay  the  pure  gold 
backing,  (34  gauge  is  suggested)  on  a  piece  of  rubber  or  the  end 
of  a  pine  block  and  press  the  pins  directly  through  it.  This  is  much 
quicker  than  locating  the  pins  and  punching  the  holes  with  a  plate 
punch. 

Accuracy  of  Backing  Adaptation.  When  holes  for  the  pins 
are  made  with  a  plate  punch,  they  are  likely  to  be  too  near  together 
or  too  far  apart.  Either  is  dangerous  to  the  safety  of  the  facing,  as 
will  be  shown  later.  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings  punch  their 
own  holes.     They  are  properly  located. 

Avoidance  of  "Accidents."  Most  "accidents"  to  facings 
during  soldering  doubtless  occur  by  the  hot  borax  or  soldering  fluid 
running  down  the  pins,  through  the  backing  and  coming  in  contact 
with  the  porcelain.  This  is  sure  to  crack  the  facing.  It  can  be  pre- 
vented only  by  making  the  joint  between  the  backing  and  the  pms 
"borax-tight."  This  can  easily  be  done  by  the  use  of  Dentsply 
Pointed  Pin  Facings. 

(Continued  on  Page  216) 
213 


Ordinary  Blunt  Pin  Facing  and 
Backing  Through  a  Reading  Glass 

Holes  for  blunt  facing  pins  are  usually  made  with  a  plate  punch. 
They  are  generally  too  large  and  leave  a  crevice  alongside  the  pin 
through  which  fluid  borax  gains  access  to  the  porcelain.  Borax 
betw^een  backing  and  facing  either  discolors  or  cracks  the  facing. 
Blunt  facing  pins  are  often  bent  to  hold  the  backing  in  place. 
This  places  a  strain  on  the  porcelain  w^hich  may  become  dangerous 
when  the  pins  are  heated. 

The  use  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings  obviates  the  dangers 
from  borax  and  from  bending  the  pins. 


214 


I 


-!! 


Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  and  Backing 
Seen  Through  a  Reading  Glass 

When  a  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  is  thrust  through  a  34  G. 
pure  gold  backing,  a  deep  flange  is  turned  alongside  each  pin. 
Condensing  this  flange  about  the  pin,  as  shown  here,  makes  so 
tight  a  joint  that  even  the  hot  borax,  which  is  very  thin,  cannot 
get  to  the  porcelain.  This  exclusion  of  borax  does  more  to 
protect  facings  from  discoloration  and  cracking  than  any  other 
one  thing.  Condensing  the  flanges  locks  the  backing  so  firmly 
in  position  that  no  bending  of  the  pins  is  necessary.  This 
obviates  a  dangerous  strain  on  the  porcelain. 


215 


(Continued  from  Page  213) 

When  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings  are  thrust  through  the 
backing,  a  flange  is  turned  up  alongside  each  pin.  To  fasten  the 
backing  onto  the  facing,  condense  this  flange  about  the  pin  with  an 
instrument  (an  old  knife  is  excellent).  This  makes  a  borax-tight 
joint.     It  will  prevent  checking  of  facings  by  borax. 

Avoidance  of  Strain  on  Porcelain.  The  custom  of  bend- 
ing the  facing  pins  to  hold  the  backing  in  place  is  unwise,  since 
it  often  puts  a  strain  on  the  porcelain  which  results  in  a  fracture 
when  the  facing  is  heated.  The  use  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Fac- 
ings entirely  avoids  the  bending  of  the  pins,  since  the  backing  is 
securely  locked  in  place  by  condensing  the  flanges  about  the  pins. 

Preserving  Facing  Colors.  It  is  sometimes  claimed  that 
the  lighter  colored  facings  change  under  the  heat  of  soldering.  The 
cause  of  such  apparent  change  often  lies  in  the  fact  that  hot  borax 
has  run  through  the  holes  punched  for  the  pins  and  formed  a 
colored  glass  on  the  facing  side  of  the  backing.  Such  an  occurrence 
will  entirely  destroy  the  esthetic  value  of  a  bridge.  It  may  be  pre- 
vented by  the  use  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings,  since  the 
condensing  of  the  flange  about  each  pin  prevents  the  running  of 
borax  through  the  backing  and  consequent  discoloration. 


216 


Handy  Facing  Assortment  No.  228 
IN  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings 


[Contains  228  Facings] 


If  there  are  two  lines  of  tooth  selection  where,  more  than  any 
other,  the  skill  of  the  dentist  should  be  exercised  to  produce  life- 
like effects,  they  are  in  the  selection  of  porcelain  crowns  and  of 
bridge  facings. 

For  the  dentist  whose  vision  never  rises  above  the  mere  filling 
of  a  gap  between  natural  teeth,  a  tooth  may  be  merely  a  tooth. 
But  for  the  dentist  who  is  awake  to  his  possibilities,  teeth  differ  quite 
as  much  as  people.  He  sees  harmony  between  a  given  face  and 
certain  shapes  and  shades  of  teeth,  and  a  lack  of  harmony  between 
the  same  face  and  other  forms  of  teeth.     As  he  works  on  this  line, 


217 


he  becomes  more  and  more  particular  and  achieves  finer  and  finer 
results.  Naturally  enough,  his  pride  and  pleasure  in  his  work 
increase,  and  his  reputation  among  desirable  patients  grows  apace. 


S  M  S  M 


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228  Pointed  Pin  Facings  in  Twentieth  Century  porcelain  and  in  the 
moulds  and  shades  which  experience  has  show^n  to  be  most  valuable 
25  X  4  upper  incisors  20  x  2  upper  cuspids 

6x4  molars  w^hich  may  be  used  for  uppers  or  low^ers 
10  X  4  upper  bicuspids,  w^hich  might  be  used  for  cuspids  in  case  of  need 

4x4  lower  incisors         2x2  low^er  cuspids  2x2  low^er  bicuspids 

This  assortment  comprises  the  best  selection  of  moulds  possible  in  this  number  of 
facings . 

The  proportions  of  incisors  and  cuspids  and  of  bicuspids  and  molars  are  those  shown  by 
long  experience  to  be  most  advantageous  in  practice. 

The  molar  facings  may  be  used  for  uppers  or  lowers,  as  required,  and  the  cuspids  and 
bicuspids  may  be  used  interchangeably.  This  greatly  increases  the  usefulness  of  the  assort- 
ment. 

The  presence  of  the  shade  guide  makes  sure  that  the  shade  tooth  will  be  of  the  same 
porcelain  as  the  facing  —a  most  important  point. 

If  such  intelligent  selection  teaches  the  dentist  two  things  more 
strongly  than  others,  they  are  that  he  must  make  his  own  selections 
of  teeth  for  each  case  or  have  them  made  by  some  one  who  is  a 
second  self,  for  this  purpose  at  least;  and  that  they  must  be  made 
in  the  presence  of  the  patient.  No  selection  from  a  plaster  model; 
no  carrying  in  mind  of  the  individual  characteristics,  will  permit  the 
best  type  of  selection. 

Artistic  selection  of  facings  requires  that  the  dentist  have  the 
facings  in  the  , patient's  presence  in  his  own  office.      He  cannot  well 

218 


take  the  patient  to  the  depot,  though  dentists  occasionally  do  this. 
He  needs  a  representative  stock  at  hand  from  which  he  may  change 
individual  teeth  at  will,  till  just  the  moulds  and  shades  most  desirable 
for  the  case  are  selected. 

This  may  be  done  with  the  very  best  of  results  by  the  use  of 
the  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Pacing  Mould  Guide,  but  it  can  be  well 
done  also  from  Dentsply  Facings  Assortment  No.  228,  illustrated 
here.  The  advantage  oftered  by  the  Assortment  is  that  when  the 
facings  are  selected,  there  is  no  necessity  for  ordering.  The  iden- 
tical facings  selected,  may  be  used  for  the  bridge.  And  the  result  so 
carefully  sought  will  be  attained  by  the  shortest  possible  method. 

Economies  in  Tlme. 

In  the  central  part  of  the  United  States  a  dentist  practices  who 
has  a  widespread  reputation  for  his  skill  in  selecting  teeth  for  any 
form  of  restoration.  His  method  is  successful  so  far  as  results 
go,  but  it  is  unnecessarily  expensive  in  time.  Having  studied  the 
patient  and  made  a  series  of  notes,  he  goes  to  the  dental  depot, 
selects  from  14  to  30  sets  of  vulcanite  teeth,  and  returns  with  them 
to  his  office.  To  make  full  uppers  and  lowers  he  chooses  a  tooth 
here  and  there,  varying  the  mould  and  shade,  and  repeatedly  trying 
them  in  until  he  gets  just  the  effect  desired.  Outside  of  the  mouth, 
the  dentures  are  homely.     In  the  mouth  they  are  just  what  is  needed. 

So  great  is  his  skill  that  other  dentists  desiring  to  achieve  artistic 
results,  send  patients  to  him  for  tooth  selection.  He  charges  $25 
for  selecting  the  teeth  for  one  or  two  dentures  and  proportionately 
for  selecting  facings. 

His  method  is  excellent  so  far  as  artistic  effects  are  concerned, 
but  wasteful  of  time,  and  time  is  money.  Assortment  228  would 
meet  most  of  his  requirements  in  selecting  facings  for  ordinary 
cases.  He  would  avoid  the  loss  of  time  at  the  Dental  Depot. 
Whatever  facings  he  desired  that  were  not  contained  in  this  Assort- 
ment could  easily  be  selected  from  the  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin 
Facings  Mould  Guide.  He  would  achieve  like  results  at  less  cost 
— and  that  is  the  secret  of  profits  in  dental  practice. 

The  Moulds  Comprised  In  The  Assortment. 

While  the  illustration  of  the  box  gives  a  general  idea  of  the 
moulds   comprised   in  the  Asssortment,   the   usual   illustrations   of 

219 


the  moulds  will  enable  the  dentist  to  better  note  the  differences 
in  form  and  character.  Take  two  moulds  that  at  a  mere  glance 
appear  about  alike,  such  as  Moulds  90  and  37.  A  second  careful 
look  shows  that  the  centrals  in  Mould  90  have  nearly  straight 
approximal  sides,  and  that  these  sides  taper  from  near  the  cutting 


7  75 


68 


106 


123 


109 


111 


735 


113 


The  Range  of  Upper  Incisor  Moulds 

edge  to  the  neck.  The  central  in  Mould  37  has  its  greatest  width 
nearer  the  middle  third  of  the  tooth  and  rounder  approximal  sur- 
faces. The  distal  incisal  angle  rounds  away  differently  and  gives 
the  whole  tooth  a  totally  different  appearance. 

The  moulds  selected  for  this  Assortment  are  rich  in  such  subtle 
differences  and  character  markings,  which  need  only  to  be  carefully 
looked  for  to  be  clearly  seen,  and  should  only  need  seeing  to  be 
appreciated. 

This  Assortment  is  furnished  in  a  neat  and  substantial  mahogany 
case.  Its  fine  appearance  reflects  credit  on  the  dentist  who  brings 
it  into  the  patient's  sight,  for  purpose  of  selection.  Intelligent 
patients — the  kind  who  most  freely  spend  money  for  things  they 
appreciate — greatly  appreciate  the  artistic  possibilities  it  offers. 


220 


CHAPTER   XIV 


facing  selection  by  means  of 

The  Dents  ply 

Pointed  Pin  Facing  Mould  Guide 

THE  GREATEST  CONVENIENCE  OF  THE  KIND 
EVER  OFFERED 


Sample  Moulds  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings 


Th&ite  sanvplc  faclorf*  hov 


uaionof  pro^licnl  . 


^mmm  ^^iisiie  Tec^ese^c  .erlillll 

lll#ifeiil    123||^|f     103    f|§§|f         109 
113§i§§ii    135||i§||     119    Ittill  TO 


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426  Pointed  Pin  Facings  in  86  moulds.  Baked  in  composition  pins  intended  only  as  a  means 
of  facilitating  mould  selection — ^not  for  soldering.  By  means  of  this  Guide,  facings  can  be 
selected  better  and  quicker  than  by  other  methods.  Orders  may  then  be  given  in  mould 
number  and  shade  number. 

Every  dentist,  when  confronted  by  the  task  of  selecting  facings 
for  a  bridge,  wishes  for  some  easy  and  accurate  method  of  know- 
ing just  what  facings  will  make  the  most  creditable  piece.  This 
Facing  Mould  Guide  makes  the  selection  of  facings  easy. 


221 


It  contains  426  facings  divided  as  follows: 

32  X  6  upper  anteriors  in  different  sizes  and  types 
27  X  4  special  moulds  of  upper  and  lower  bicuspids 
9x6  lower  anteriors 
18  X  4  upper  and  lower  molars 

One  T>ventieth  Century  Shade  Guide 

They  comprise  the  moulds  most  frequently  ordered  by  dentists 
all  over  the  country,  and  from  among  them  selection  may  be  made 
to  meet  any  ordinary  requirements.     Note  first  the 

Convenience  of  Selection. 

The  dentist  may  select  from  the  Mould  Guide  those  facings 
which  he  thinks  suitable.  He  may  arrange  a  little  wax  on  al  piece  of 
screen  wire  iand  mount  the  facings  directly  on  it  and  try  them  in  the 
mouth,  to  get  the  effect 

This  avoids  the  necessity  of  making  a  model  for  the  selection  of 
facings.  He  may  select  his  facings  and  order 'them  in  less  time 
than  it  would  take  to  pour  a  model. 

The  patient  may  be  interested  to  help.  A  selection  may  be 
determined  upon  which  will  be  known  in  advance  to  be  pleasing. 
The  patient  will  appreciate  this  and  will  probably  speak  of  it  to 
friends.     That  builds  reputation. 

Fine  Opportunities  for  Artistic  Selection. 

The  fact  that  the  Guide  contains  facings  of  similar  sizes  but 
with  different  outlines,  makes  possible  artistic  selections  which  are 
ordinarily  not  possible  to  the  dentist. 

In  the  first  place,  teeth  should  be  selected  "in  the  mouth,"  and 
by  the  dentist.  That  is  the  only  place  to  get  the  exact  effect  of 
different  moulds,  and  the  dentist  is  the  only  one  really  capable  of 
making  the  selections. 

The  teeth  on  different  sides  of  the  same  mouth  differ  in  form. 
If  they  are  replaced  by  teeth  which  are  uniform  in  character,  an 
artificial  appearance  is  given  to  the  mouth.  This  may  be  avoided 
by  vairying  the  moulds  of  teeth  slightly.  Take  for  instance  an  up- 
per i)ridge  with  the  cuspids  as  abutments  and  carrying  the  four 
incisors.  Note  the  possibilities  of  selection  by  use  of  the  Dentsply 
Pointed  Pin  Facing  Mould  Guide. 

222 


The  upper   right  cuspid  is  the  same  in  both  sets. 

The   upper   right   lateral    of   mould    134   slopes   more    m«sially    than    that    in    130   and    clianges   the 

vertical   axis. 

This  removes  "sameness." 

The  difference  between  tlie  upper  right  central  in  mould   i;-;o  and  that  in  m.uld  47   is  not  greater 

than   is    frequently   seen    in   natural   teeth. 

The  upper  left  centrals  are  identical  in  both  sets. 

The   upper   left   lateral    cf   mould   111    differs  from    the   left   lateral    of   mould    134   just   enough   to 

form  a  pleasing  contrast. 

The  upper  left  cuspid  of  mould  113  differs  in  appearance  from  that  of  mould   130  and  harmonizes 

well   with   the  lateral   from  mould   111. 

The  selection   of  these   several   moulds  relieved  the   bridge   cf   the   api;carance   of   artificiality. 

Upper  anteriors  of  mould  130  are  satisfactory  as  to  size  and 
generally  as  to  outline.  Both  dentist  and  patient  desire  to  secure 
a  more  natural  looking  effect  than  the  use  of  six  teeth  of  one  mould 
will  produce.  The  dentist  selects  from  The  Mould  Guide  the  up- 
per six  of  mould  130  and  then  substitutes  other  teeth  in  the  six  to 
break  up  the  exact  similarity.  He  chooses  an  upper  right  lateral  of 
mould  134,  which  is  of  the  same  size  as  the  lateral  in  mould  130 
but  of  different  outline,  especially  in  the  mesial  surface.  An  upper 
right  central  of  mould  47  is  similar  in  size  but  a  little  narrower  at 
the  neck.  The  upper  left  lateral  is  from  mould  iii,  and  differs 
slightly  from  the  character  of  the  left  central  and  the  upper  right 
lateral.  A  left  cuspid  from  mould  113  is  suitable  in  the  peculiar 
conditions  in  this  corner  of  the  mouth.  No  two  adjoining  teeth  are 
quite  alike  in  character.  The  differences  axe  so  slight  that  to  the 
untrained  eyes  of  friends  they  merely  appear  natural.  But  the 
sameness  is  lost  and  with  it  the  appearance  of  artificiality. 

Such  Selection  Practically  Impossible 
Under  Other  Conditions. 

The  substitution  which  was  satisfactory  to  the  patient  and  den- 
tist required  but  a  few  minutes.  The  dentist  and  patient  saw  the 
selection  of  facings  in  the  patient' s  mouth  and  knew  just  how  they 
were  going  to  look. 

Without  a  carefully  selected  stock  at  the  dentist's  hand,  this 
artistic  bridge  would  have  been  impossible.     The  dentist  would  not 

22.3 


have  known  what  facings  would  appear  well  together.  He  could  not 
have  felt  that  the  patient  would  be  satisfied.  He  would  have  been 
afraid  to  complete  the  bridge,  lest  the  patient  should  refuse  to 
accept  it. 

The  tooth  clerk  in  the  depot  might  have  made  a  selection  for 
the  dentist,  but  he  could  not  have  been  sure  of  pleasing  the  dentist 
and  patient. 

If  the  dentist  had  gone  to  a  depot  and  had  been  handed  out 
trays  containing  hundreds  of  sets  of  facings,  the  very  number  of 
moulds  and  shades  would  have  confused  him.  He  does  not  want 
numberless  moulds  to  select  from.  He  needs  a  sufficient  stock  of 
carefully  selected  moulds.  Anything  more  than  that  hinders  more 
than  it  helps. 

Convenience  in  Ordering. 

The  dentist  did  not  send  a  model  to  the  depot.  He  wrcvte : 
"Send  me  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings  as  follows: 

Upper  right  central,  mould  47,  shade  16 


«               « 

lateral. 

"       134, 

'       16 

«               « 

cuspid. 

"       130, 

'      20 

left 

central. 

"       130, 

'       16 

«           « 

lateral. 

"       111, 

'       16 

«           « 

cuspid. 

"       113, 

'      20 

His  order  was  filled  immediately.  He  got  just  what  he  wanted. 
He  did  not  make  the  model  until  his  abutments  were  ready  for  the 
placing  of  the  dummies. 

Note  the  Professional  Advantages. 

He  has  the  right  sizes. 

He  broke  up  the  artificiality  which  would  result  from  having 
one  mould  throughout. 

He  broke  it  up  in  such  way  that  the  result  is  pleasing,  rather 
than  displeasing,  'which,  it  might  easily  have  been  under  any  other 
method. 

He  has  selected  "in  the  mouth"  which,  after  all,  is  the  one  place 
for  satisfactory  selection. 

He  hais  made  the  selection,  rather  than  left  it  to  someone  who 
could  not  see  the  patient. 

He  has  secured  his  patient's  co-operation  in  doing  the  best  work 
he  is  capable  of.    She  is  pleased  in  advance.     She  has  been  told  and 

224 


shown  that  such  care  is  unusual,  that  she  may  be  proud  of  the  result 
when  It  Is  In  the  mouth.  She  will  be  a  "booster"  for  him  In  the  best 
sense  of  the  word. 

He  saved  his  patient  an  Impression. 

Note  the  Money  Making  Advantages. 

He  did  not  make  a  model  for  the  selection  of  facings.  He  tried 
them  directly  into  the  mouth  on  a  piece  of  wax.  He  saved  the  time 
of  an  Impression  and  model  making,  probably  twenty  minutes. 

He  did  not  mail  a  model  to  the  depot,  which  might  be  delayed 
in  arrival,  or  broken.  He  saved  the  postage  on  the  model.  This  is 
small,  but  no  wide-awake  business  house  would  neglect  It. 

His  order  was  filled  at  once.  There  was  no  waiting  for  the 
model,  no  fitting  of  facings  to  It,  no  uncertainty.  Every  depot  car- 
rying Dentsply  Facings  has  the  stock  so  arranged  that  orders  by 
mould  number  can  be  filled  at  once. 

He  did  not  have  to  change  any  facings. 

He  can  often  get  a  better  fee  for  a  bridge  of  such  artistic  merit 
than  he  would  receive  for  a  bridge  like  every  other  dentist  Is 
making. 


The  Facings  in  the  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  Guide  haive 
baked-in  composition  pins  and  are  suitable  only  for  selection.  They 
are  not  suitable  for  soldering. 


225 


CHAPTER  XV 

Dentsply   Platinum   Pin   Facings. 


Hints  Regarding  The  Use  Of  Facings. 

In  the  pages  which  follow  this  preface  will  be  found  illustra- 
tions of  the  moulds  of  Dentsply  Facings  and  Saddleback  Facings, 
with  the  millimeter  measurements  for  the  same.  While  this  is  not 
a  text  book  on  bridgework,  it  may  be  found  helpful  to  consider  a 
few  practical  hints  on  this  subject.  These  hints  naturally  divide 
themselves  under  the  following  headings. 

Backings  and  Tips. 

The  art  of  soldering. 

The  causes  of  Checks  in  Soldering. 

Repairs  of  Facings  Broken  in  Service. 

Values  of  Backings  and  Tips. 

The  backing  which  a  dentist  places  behind  the  facings  has  two 
purposes.  First,  to  support  the  facing  in  position.  Second.,  to  pro- 
tect the  friable  porcelain  against  pressure  during  mastication.  The 
second  purpose  requires  that  the  backings  extend  over  the  incisal 
edge  of  the  porcelain  so  that  the  lower  teeth  can  exert  no  force 
directly  on  the  porcelain.  The  necessity  for  thus  protecting  the 
end  of  the  facing  developed  the  practice  of  grinding  away  the  in- 
cisal edge  and  replacing  it  with  an  incisal  edge  of  gold  of  thicknesses 
varying  to  suit  the  requirements  of  different  cases.  For  the  delicate 
lady  who  would  not  exert  much  force  with  her  teeth  the  tip  of  an 
anterior  facing  may  be  very  small,  and  may  in  many  cases  be  al- 
most invisible.  For  the  strong  man  who  exerts  great  force  on  the 
closure  of  his  jaws,  the  tip  should  be  heavy  and  such  as  to  protect 
the  porcelain  from  whatever  force  he  may  exert.  In  these  cases 
the  effort  to  keep  the  gold  invisible  will  probably  cause  it  to  be  in- 
sufficient and  be  very  likely  to  lead  to  fracture  of  the  facing  in  act- 
ual use. 

226 


Lower  facings  are  very  much  more  liable  to  be  durable  if  the 
tips  of  the  anteriors  be  covered  with  gold  to  sufficient  depth  to  pro- 
tect them  from  pressure  in  biting.  This  method  is  less  artistic, 
however,  and  the  dentist  must  choose  between  art  and  durability 
as  the  case  may  indicate. 

The  form  of  tip  advisable  on  upper  anterior  facings  will  be  de- 
termined in  some  measure  by  the  relation  in  which  these  facings  set 
to  the  lower  anteriors.  If  the  lower  anteriors  are  in  normal  posi- 
tions the  proper  position  for  the  upper  anteriors  would  ordinarily 
be  such  that  when  the  jaws  were  closed  naturally  there  would  be  a 
space  about  the  thickness  of  a  postal  card  between  the  tips  of  the 
lower  anteriors  and  the  lingual  surface  of  the  backings  of  the 
uppers.  Under  these  conditions  the  thrusting  forward  of  the  lower 
jaw,  in  biting,  would  bring  pressure  directly  upon  the  incisal  edges 
of  the  upper  incisors,  and  on  the  porcelain  unless  it  was  protected. 
If  under  such  conditions  the  end  of  the  upper  facings  be  not  pro- 
tected by  tips,  a  sudden  bite  on  some  hard  substance  would  very 
likely  break  a  facing.  The  dentist  must  therefore  decide  between 
the  protecting  this  tip  and  exhibiting  a  line  of  gold  along  the  edge 
of  the  facing  or  the  alternative  of  leaving  a  tip  unprotected  and 
exposed  to  almost  sure  breakage. 

Making  Protective  Tips. 

Suppose  the  dentist  decides  to  tip  the  facings  and  protect  them. 
There  are  several  convenient  methods,  of  which  the  following  are 
probably  as  handy  as  any. 

Mark  with  a  lead  pencil  across  the  labial  surface  of  the  facing, 
indicating  just  how  deep  the  tip  shall  be,  that  is,  how  much  of  the 


Gold  swaged  to  impression. 


Swaging  Block. 

Facing  pressed  into 
softened  lac. 


Facing  ground 
to  resist  fracture. 


porcelain  shall  be  replaced  with  gold.  There  are  several  crown 
swaging  devices  which  the  dentist  may  use  for  shaping  the  tip. 
Soften  the  Dental  Lac  in  one  of  the  devices  and  imbed  the  end  of 


227 


the  facing  in  the  Dental  Lac  to  or  slightly  above  the  lead  pencil 
line  showing  the  depth  of  the  desired  tip.  When  the  Lac  is  cool 
the  moistened  facing  will  be  easily  removed.  Trim  the  Lac  so  the 
impression  will  show  a  straight,  sharp  edge  and  be  nearly  as  deep 
as  the  metal  tip  is  to  be.  Lay  a  piece  of  pure  gold,  32  gauge  over 
the  impression,  put  the  rest  of  the  swaging  device  in  place  and 
swage  the  gold  to  fit  the  impression.  Should  the  gold  tear,  place  a 
similar  piece  of  gold  over  the  tear  and  swage  that  down.  Remove, 
fill  with  22-karat  solder,  hold  over  a  flame  and  flow  the  solder. 
Trim  close.     File  or  grind  the  lower  surface  flat. 

With  a  true  running  carborundum  stone,  not  too  coarse,  grind 
the  tip  of  the  facing  to  the  pencil  line  in  such  manner  that  the  sur- 
face which  is  left  will  be  at  right  ajigles  to  the  plane  of  the  lingual 
side  of  the  facing.  See  illustration.  This  will  allow  the  tip  to  have 
proper  seat,  will  enable  the  facing  to  take  the  strain  on  a  flat  surface 
instead  of  a  knife  edge  and  will  be  of  great  value  in  preventing 
checking. 

Making  The  Backing. 

For  the  backing  use  first  a  piece  of  pure  gold,  34  gauge.  Lay 
this  on  the  end  of  a  piece  of  soft  wood,  or  on  a  rubber  eraser  and 
push  the  pointed  pins  of  a  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  directly 
through  the  gold. 

Tipping  the  Back  Without  Heating  Porcelain. 

This  will  leave  a  flange  about  each  pin.  This  flange  serves 
several  important  purposes  which  will  be  explained.  By  any  de- 
sired means  such  as  rolling  rubber  dam  about  the  facing  and  swag- 
ing, or  by  the  use  of  a  swaging  outfit,  adapt  the  gold  backing  close- 
ly to  the  lingual  surface  and  end  of  the  facing.  When  this  is  done 
remove  the  backing  from  the  facing,  without  bending  it. 

Tip  trimmed.  ^ 

f/Q       Whiting  (^  \>} 

lp  J       or  I,ead.  C.^  I  1/ 

I  n       in  Place.  A  ^ 

Backing  adapted  to  |/  Tip  and  backing 

lingual  surface  soldered  without 

and  end.  Backing.  heating  facing. 

With  a  soft  lead  pencil,  or  some  whiting  dissolved  in  water, 
make  a  well  defined  line  on  the  lingual  surface  of  the  backing,  just 
cervically  to  the  flat  surface  on  which  the  tip  is  to  set.  In  the  same 
manner  blacken  or  paint  the  under  side  of  the  flat  surface  on  which 

228 


the  tip  is  to  set.  This  is  to  prevent  the  solder  of  the  tip  running 
down  on  the  rest  of  the  backing  or  under  the  flat  surface  on  which 
the  tip  is  to  set.  Trim  the  tip  already  made,  apply  a  litde  flux  to  the 
flat  surface  on  which  the  tip  is  designed  to  rest,  put  the  tip  in  posi- 
tion, hold  over  a  gentle  flame  and  heat  it  until  the  solder  in  the  tip 
starts  to  flow.  The  backing  and  tip  have  been  soldered  without 
exposing  the  facing  to  heat  of  the  flame. 

Fastening  Backing  to  Facing. 

Thoroughly  clean  the  backing  in  water  or  pickle,  put  in  place 
on  the  facing,  swage  or  press  to  perfect  adaptation  and  condense 
about  each  pin  the  little  flange  which  was  formed  when  the  instru- 
ment was  thrust  through  the  backing.  The  value  of  these  flanges 
will  now  be  apparent.  They  will  perfectly  hold  the  backing  in 
position  about  the  pins,  may  be  burnished  down  so  that  there  will 
be  not  the  slightest  opening  through  which  solder  or  flux  can  reach 
the  porcelain  to  check  it  and  do  entirely  away  with  any  necessity 
for  bending  or  nicking  the  pin.  They  thus  avoid  several  of  the  most 
common  causes  of  checks  in  soldering. 


Approximal  view  facing 
and  backing.  Any  over- 
lapping of  gold  &t  A  will 
cause  check  in  soldering. 


Facing,  backing  and  tip 
in  Asbe.sto.=  Fibre.  Piece 
of  solder  as  large  as  back- 
ing and  tip. 


Backing  and  tip  in  posi- 
tion— soldered. 


One  apparently  small  point  should  receive  the  most  careful  at- 
tention before  any  heat  is  applied  to  the  facing  for  soldering.  It  is 
so  small  as  to  receive  attention  by  comparatively  few  dentists,  yet 
is  a  fruitful  source  of  checks  in  facings.  When  the  tip  is  adapted 
to  the  end  of  the  facing  it  should  be  supported  on  the  lingual  surface 
by  the  finger  and  the  labial  side  filed  from  incisal  to  cervical.  This 
will  adapt  the  tip  to  the  end  of  the  facing  and  will  make  sure  that 
the  tip  does  not  project  labially.  Finish  with  a  very  fine  file  and 
the  utmost  care  should  be  taken  that  no  gold  from  the  tip  overlaps 
the  labial  side  of  the  facing.  If  even  a  fine  line  of  gold  overlap 
the  facing  on  the  labial  side  it  prevents  the  expansion  which  is  un- 
avoidable when  the  porcelain  is  heated  and  a  check  is  almost  sure  to 
result.     This  point  cannot  be  given  too  careful  attention. 


229 


One  of  the  most  convenient  ways  of  disposing  of  the  facings 
when  work  has  proceeded  this  far  is  to  lay  the  facing  on  an  asbestos 
block  or  soft  asbestos  fibre  with  the  backing  up  and  with  a  brush 
flame  from  the  blow  pipe,  soldering  pins  and  backing  together. 

This  is  best  done  by  cutting  off  the  pins  fairly  close  to  the  back- 
ing, moistening  the  solder  with  flux,  cutting  the  solder  in  pieces  of 
practically  the  same  area  as  the  lingual  side  of  the  facing,  laying 
the  solder  flat  on  the  top  of  the  facing,  heating  up  with  a  brush 
flame,  by  holding  it  at  first  some  distance  from  the  facing  so  that 
the  heat  from  the  edge  of  the  flame  radiates  to  the  solder,  but  the 
flame  does  not  come  anywhere  nearly  in  contact  with  it.  Move  the 
flame  about  the  facing  in  a  circle  several  times,  slowly  drawing 
closer  and  closer  until  the  brush  flame  may  be  turned  directly  on 
the  solder  covering  the  upper  surface  of  the  facing.  In  this  manner 
and  with  the  soft  flame,  heat  until  it  is  almost  time  for  the  solder  to 
flow,  when  the  amount  of  air  may  be  slightly  reduced  and  the  solder 
will  flow  over  the  surface. 

If  22-karat  solder  was  used  for  the  tip,  20-karat  may  well  be 
used  for  the  backing  in  this  manner.  A  little  practice  in  this  way 
will  make  it  possible  to  solder  facings  very  quickly,  entirely  without 
investment  for  anteriors,  and  without  the  danger  of  breaking  the 
facing.  The  facing  is  now  to  the  bridge  what  a  vulcanite  tooth  is 
to  the  plate,  and  there  need  be  no  danger  of  distorting  the  backing 
or  moving  the  tip.  The  facing  may  be  waxed  up  in  the  bridge  as 
the  tooth  would  be  to  a  plate,  invested,  and  the  spaces  between  the 
several  facings  soldered. 

The  Art  of  Soldering. 

The  soldering  of  bridges  is  regarded  by  many  dentists  as  very 
difficult,  but  if  a  few  simple  considerations  are  borne  in  mind  it  be- 
comes easy  and  the  danger  of  checking  facings  is  removed.  These 
considerations  may  be  tabulated  as  follows: 

First,  The  parts  to  be  soldered  shall  be  in  such  adaptation  that 
there  will  be  no  gaps.     The  solder  cannot  span  a  gap. 

Second,  The  parts  to  be  soldered  and  the  solder  used  shall  be 
chemically  clean,  save  for  the  presence  of  the  proper  amount  of  flux. 

Third,  The  case  shall  be  gradually  heated  from  the  porcelain 
side  nearly  to  the  point  where  the  solder  flows  before  any  flame  is 
turned  on  the  solder  or  the  parts  to  be  soldered. 

230 


Fourth,  A  small  amount  of  flux  shall  have  been  applied  to  the 
surfaces  of  the  solder  and  the  solder  put  in  the  position  and  heated 
up  with  the  case,  as  far  as  may  be. 

Fifth,  When  the  case  is  almost  hot  enough  for  the  solder  to 
flow  a  soft  flame  exhibiting  a  small  percentage  of  air  and  merely 
pressure  enough  to  apply  it  to  the  parts,  shall  be  gradually  turned 
on  the  solder  and  the  parts  to  be  soldered,  until  the  solder  flows. 

Sixth,  The  case  shall  be  allowed  to  cool  gradually. 

If  these  very  simple  considerations  are  borne  in  mind,  the  oper- 
ator should  not  fear  checks  from  the  soldering  process. 

Any  piece  to  be  soldered  should  be  invested  in  a  material  which 
will  not  check  or  distort  under  the  influence  of  the  flame,  and  will 
neither  move  the  parts  out  of  position  nor  expose  the  porcelain 
directly  to  the  flame. 

Why  Facings  Check  in  Soldering. 

When  a  Dentsply  Facing  checks  in  soldering,  there  is  always 
a  cause  in  the  method  of  manipulation.  These  causes  divide  them- 
selves into  classes  and  in  a  general  way  may  be  noted  as  follows. 

First.  Poor  investment.  This  affords  many  opportunities  for 
checks.  The  investment  material  may  be  such  that  when  it  is 
subjected  to  the  heat  required  for  soldering,  it  checks  or  parts  in 
such  manner  as  to  expose  the  porcelain  to  the  flame,  or  moves  the 
parts  in  such  manner  that  the  flux  used  for  flowing  the  solder  gets 
upon  the  porcelain.  The  material  used  for  investing  should  be 
such  that  it  will  not  check  or  crack  and  will  not  expose  the  porce- 
lain to  unequal  heat. 

The  investment  may  be  of  such  form  as  to  render  the  facings 
liable  to  check.      If  a  bridge  composed  of  six  anteriors  is  to  be 


Investment  thick  over  cus- 
pids ;  ^Az«  over  ceutrals. 


Flame  and  heat  turned  away 
from  flat  under  surface. 


Flame  and  heat  envelope 
properly  shaped  investment. 


soldered  and  the  backing  is  thick  over  the  cuspids  but  extremely 
thin  on  the  labial  surface  of  the  centrals,  It  Is  quite  possible  that 
when  the  heat  is  applied  the  sudden  expansion  of  the  thinly  cov- 
ered portions  of  the  centrals  will  cause  a  check. 


231 


An  investment  should  not  be  bulky  at  any  point  but  should  be  as 
nearly  even  as  possible,  so  that  heat  will  be  distributed  evenly  to 
all  parts. 

The  shape  of  the  investment  should  be  such  that  the  flame  will 
envelope  the  piece  as  far  as  may  be.  If,  for  instance,  the  anterior 
bridge  just  spoken  of  be  so  invested  that  the  surface  exposed  to 
the  heat  be  perfectly  flat,  it  will,  on  account  of  the  form,  afford 
much  less  heat  to  the  ends  of  the  bridge  than  to  the  center.  This 
unequal  heat  is  always  a  source  of  danger.  If  this  investment  be 
trimmed  in  such  way  that  it  practically  follows  the  outline  of  the 
bridge,  so  that  there  is  from  a  quarter  to  a  half  inch  investment 
all  over  the  labial  surface  of  the  porcelain,  the  heating  up  will  be 
attended  with  much  less  danger  of  breakage  and  soldering  will  be 
rendered  very  much  easier. 

Improper  Heating. 

This  is  a  fruitful  source  of  checks  in  facings.  Improper  heat- 
ing may  take  any  of  the  three  forms.  First,  it  may  be  too  rapid. 
Second,  the  heat  may  vary,  now  high,  now  low.  Third,  it  may 
be  on  the  wrong  side  of  the  investment. 

First,  as  to  being  too  rapid.  This  is  a  common  fault  with 
many  who  fail  to  realize  that  when  the  investment  is  first  placed 
over  the  flame  to  dry  out,  it  contains  a  large  percentage  of  moisture, 
much  of  which  is  in  the  center  of  the  investment.  This  must  be 
driven  by  slow  stages  to  the  surface  and  evaporated,  in  order  that 
it  may  not  cause  undue  pressure  in  the  center  of  the  investment. 
If  the  heat  be  rapidly  applied,  that  is,  if  a  large  flame  be  turned 
directly  on  the  investment  at  the  beginning  of  the  heating,  the 
outer  surface  of  the  investment  is  dried,  while  the  inner  portion  is 
yet  wet  and  expanded.  The  outer  surface  of  the  investment  is 
compelled  to  check  or  crack,  and  this  crack  frequently  goes  through 
to  the  porcelain.  The  remedy  is  very  simple.  It  is  to  place  a 
gentle  heat  below  the  investment  for  drying  out,  and  allow  a  rea- 
sonable time  for  it  to  accomplish  its  end.  This  time  will  not  be 
long.  When  the  investment  is  thoroughly  dry,  the  heat  may  be  in- 
creased quite  rapidly. 

FIeating  the  Investment  from  the  Wrong  Side. 

It  should  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  investment  can  be  safely 
heated  only  from  the  porcelain  side.     Some  dentists  make  a  prac- 

232 


tice  of  placing  the  investment  on  a  fireproof  support  with  the  porce- 
lain side  down,  turning  a  blow-pipe  Hame  onto  it  from  above  and 
drying  out,  heating  up  and  soldering  in  this  manner.  This  is  very 
unsafe.  It  almost  insures  checking  facings.  The  rates  of  expan- 
sion of  platinum  and  porcelain  are  different.  The  porcelain  should 
be  allowed  to  expand  first  to  accommodate  the  expansion  of  the 
platinum  pins.  As  has  been  said  above  the  investment  should  be 
placed  above  a  flame,  porcelain  side  down,  a  gentle  heat  applied 
to  dry  out  and  the  heat  gradually  increased. 

Probably  one  of  the  most  convenient  methods  of  heating  up 
bridgework  and  one  most  liable  to  secure  a  favorable  result  is  to 
place  the  investment  in  the  iron  frame  work  or  spider  of  a  Bunsen 
burner  surrounded  by  small  pieces  of  charcoal.  This  charcoal 
should  come  up  around  the  sides  as  high  as  may  be.  A  little  prac- 
tice will  develop  a  technic  which  enables  the  dentist  to  heat  up 
gently  and  evenly  and  to  carry  all  parts  of  the  investment  to  about 
the  same  heat  at  the  same  time.  So  evenly  will  the  heat  be  distrib- 
uted by  the  aid  of  the  charcoal  that  the  soldering  of  the  bridge  is 
made  extremely  simple  and  the  solder  may  be  flowed  to  a  finished 
surface. 

Improper  Backing. 

The  use  of  the  plate  punch  for  punching  holes  for  pins  is 
doubtless  responsible  for  a  large  portion  of  the  checks  which  fac- 
ings receive  in  soldering.  The  use  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Fac- 
ings and  the  practice  of  condensing  the  flanges  about  the  pins  does 
away  with  a  large  percentage  of  breaks.  The  hole  made  by  the 
plate  punch  rarely  fits  the  pin  tight  and  it  affords  an  opportunity  for 
flux  to  run  down  under  the  backing  when  fluid,  and  for  solder  to  go 
down  between  the  backing  and  the  facing.  Either  of  these  causes 
will  probably  check  the  facing. 

When  the  plate  punch  is  used  it  becomes  necessary  that  the 
backing  be  fastened  in  place  by  bending  the  pins  or  nicking  them. 
The  practice  of  bending  pins  often  places  a  considerable  strain  on 
the  porcelain  which  may  be  wholly  avoided.  Condensing  the 
flanges  turned  up  by  the  pointed  pins  prevents  the  flux  and  solder 
running  under  the  backing  and  makes  it  entirely  unnecessary  to 
bend  or  nick  the  pins. 

The  last  cause  which  may  give  rise  to  a  check  in  the  facing  is 
i-mproper  cooling  of  the  teeth  after  soldering  is  complete.     The 

233 


charcoal  referred  to  above  offers  the  finest  possible  method  of 
cooling.  Simply  shut  off  the  heat.  The  charcoal  will  let  the  piece 
cool  slowly.  In  this  way  the  various  parts  will  accommodate  them- 
selves to  each  other  without  damage  to  any  part. 

Repairs  of  Facings  Broken  in  Service. 

No  matter  how  skillfully  a  bridge  may  be  made,  either  accidents 
or  carelessness  on  the  part  of  the  person  using  it  may  cause  it  to 
be  broken  in  service.  It  is  desirable  then  to  repair  it  without  re- 
moving it  from  the  mouth,  and  this  may  be  done  quite  easily. 

Unless  a  facing  is  at  hand  which  meets  the  requirements,  a 
small  wax  or  modeling  compound  impression  may  be  taken,  poured, 
and  the  model  sent  to  the  dealer  for  the  purpose  of  getting  a  fac- 
ing of  the  proper  dimensions  and  outline. 

To  get  the  exact  shade,  put  a  little  piece  of  gold  behind  the 
shade  guide  tooth  to  give  the  same  effect  the  backings  give  on  the 
facings  already  in  the  bridge. 

Drill  holes  through  the  backing  where  the  pins  were,  to  put  the 
pins  of  the  new  facings  through. 

When  the  facing  has  been  ground  to  fit,  it  may  be  treated  in 
either  of  the  following  ways.  With  one  of  the  outfits  on  the  mar- 
ket for  the  purpose,  thread  the  pins  and  countersink  the  holes  on 
the  lingual  side  of  the  backing,  so  that  the  nuts  which  come  with 
this  outfit  will  go  in.  Put  the  pins  through  and  screw  up  the  nuts, 
setting  all  in  cement.  Before  setting  the  facing,  the  surface  which 
will  come  in  contact  with  the  backing  should  be  covered  with  cement 
so  that  there  will  be  no  space  between  the  backing  and  the  porcelain. 
This  makes  a  permanent  piece  of  work. 

Dentsply  pointed  pins  are  long  enough  in  the  straight  portions 
to  permit  this  form  of  repair. 

Another  way  is  to  hold  a  piece  of  wood  against  the  labial  side 
of  the  facing,  after  the  pins  have  been  thrust  through  the  holes  and 
v\'ith  a  hand  instrument  the  pins  may  be  headed.  This  will  retain 
them  in  position.  This  facing,  like  the  other,  should  be  set  in 
cement. 

A  third  method  which  is  very  well  spoken  of  is  to  cut  the  pins 
off  a  short  distance  from  the  facings,  roll  platinum  foil  about  a  wire 
to  make  little  tubes  having  openings  the  same  as  the  diameter  of  the 
pin,   setting  a  tube  over  each  pin  stump   and  soldering  in  place. 

234 


Then  smear  the  lingual  surface  of  the  facing  with  cement,  and  put 
the  two  tubes  through  the  holes  of  the  backings,  just  as  the  pins 
were  In  the  first  two  methods.  It  will  be  found  quite  simple  to  flare 
the  openings  of  the  two  tubes  of  the  Ungual  surface  In  the  backing, 
and  the  little  cavity  in  each  platinum  tube  may  be  filled  with  gold. 

How  Facings  Are  Measured. 

The  width  and  length  are  obtained  as  for  the  plain  vulcanite 
moulds. 

The  combined  bite  and  shut  constitutes  the  flat  surface  from 
which  the  pins  project.     This  is  quite  Important  in  many  cases. 

The  combined  widths  of  the  six  anterlors  when  set  on  the  Bon- 
will  Circle  are  quite  different  from  the  combined  widths  of  the  six 
anterlors  when  lying  flat  on  the  wax. 

This  is  made  plain  by  the  following  table: 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  i6>4  to 
16^4  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bon- 
will  Circle  is  37  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  17  to  i'^Ya 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bonwill 
Circle  is  38  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  Is  17^2  to 
17%  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bon- 
will Circle  is  39  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  18  to  18^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  40  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  18^  to 
1834  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bon- 
will Circle  is  41  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  19  to  19^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bonwill 
Circle  is  42  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  19  to  19% 
mm,  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bonwill  Cir- 
cle is  43  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  20  to  20^ 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anterlors  set  on  the  Bonwill 
Circle  is  44  mm. 

235 


When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  20^  to 
2o3,^  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
will  Circle  is  45  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  21  to  21^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  46  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  213/2  to 
21%  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
will  Circle  is  47  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  22  to  22^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  48  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  223^  to 
22^  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
wiil Circle  is  49  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  23  to  23^ 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  5  I  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  23^  to 
23^  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
wiil Circle  is  52  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  24  to  24^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  ^^  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  24^4  to 
24%  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
wiil Circle  is  54  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  25  to  2534 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  56  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  25 >4  to 
25%  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
wiil Circle  is  57  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  26  to  26^4 
mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bonwiil 
Circle  is  58  mm. 

When  the  width  of  the  central,  lateral  and  cuspid  is  26}^  to 
26%  mm.  the  combined  width  of  the  six  anteriors  set  on  the  Bon- 
wiil Circle  is  59  mm. 


236 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN    FACINGS— UPPERS. 


TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATLNUM  PL\  FACINGS— UPPERS. 

ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY. 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


6 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

bined 
h  six 
ors   on 
nvill 
rcle 

Illus- 

2 

trated 

o 

Combined 

Combined 

Combined 

£■5'?  5(j 

on 

S 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

page 

1 

11^ 

8 

8 

10^ 

6% 

7H 

11 

73^ 

8H 

48 

279 

2 

103^ 

W2 

7 

93^ 

6M 

7 

10 

7 

7 

45 

273 

3 

lOJi 

8 

7 

9M 

5H 

7 

10^ 

7 

73^ 

45 

275 

4 

103^ 

7 

7 

93i 

6 

63^ 

10 

7 

7 

44 

270 

5 

10 

7^ 

7 

9>^ 

6 

6H 

10 

7 

6^ 

45 

271 

6 

10 

7K 

7 

9 

6 

63i 

10 

7 

7 

45 

271 

7 

103^ 

73^ 

7H 

93^ 

5K 

7 

10^ 

7 

8 

44 

273 

8 

11^ 

7M 

8 

10^ 

6 

8 

113^ 

7 

8 

44 

278 

9 

11J4 

8 

8 

lOH 

^Yi 

lYi 

x^y, 

7 

83^ 

47 

277 

10 

12 

8 

8>^ 

11 

6 

8 

11 

7 

8 

46 

280 

11 

10 

7 

6K 

9 

6 

5>^ 

10 

7 

63^ 

44 

268 

12 

11 

8 

7^ 

93^ 

63^ 

6H 

10 

7H 

8 

47 

275 

13 

9% 

7^ 

7 

93^ 

6 

7 

93^ 

6% 

7 

44 

267 

14 

10 

73i 

7 

9 

5^ 

6 

W2 

7 

7 

43 

272 

15 

10 

6M 

6^ 

9K 

53^ 

6H 

10 

7 

7 

42 

268 

16 

10 

7}^ 

7 

9 

5M 

6 

W2 

7 

7 

43 

272 

17 

9 

7 

7 

83< 

53^ 

6 

9 

6 

6^ 

41 

263 

18 

9^ 

7 

7 

9H 

53^ 

6K 

10 

63€ 

7 

41 

264 

19 

103^ 

7 

7 

9% 

55i 

7 

10 

7 

7 

43 

270 

20 

10 

7 

7 

9 

6 

6^ 

io>^ 

7M 

7 

44 

268 

21 

9 

7M 

6K 

8 

53^ 

6 

9 

63€ 

6>^ 

42 

266 

22 

9% 

7M 

6H 

9 

5M 

6K 

10 

7 

7 

45 

267 

23 

9^ 

8 

6M 

9 

6 

6 

9^ 

7 

7 

46 

250 

24 

10 

7 

7 

93€ 

53^ 

63^ 

10 

7 

7 

43 

269 

25 

11 

8 

7^ 

W2 

6 

7 

10 

7 

8 

46 

276 

26 

11^ 

7M 

W2 

10 

634 

8 

11 

7 

83^ 

46 

278 

28 

10^ 

8^ 

73^ 

10 

6 

7K 

11 

8 

8 

49 

275 

29 

11 

73^ 

73^ 

10 

6 

7 

11 

7 

8 

45 

273 

30 

103^ 

7 

7 

10 

5M 

7 

103^ 

6% 

7 

43 

251 

31 

10 

7 

8 

9 

6 

73^ 

10 

6M 

7K 

43 

269 

32 

9 

7 

7 

8^ 

6 

6^ 

9 

7 

7     - 

44 

263 

34 

13 

9 

11 

13 

6 

11 

14 

8 

113^ 

51 

281 

35 

10 

73^ 

7 

10 

6 

7 

10 

7 

7 

45 

251 

36 

9 

7K 

6 

8 

5^ 

6 

93^ 

6M 

5^ 

44 

266 

37 

10 

7 

7 

9M 

6 

63^ 

10 

7 

7 

44 

250 

38 

12 

7H 

8 

11 

6 

iVi 

113^ 

7 

8 

45 

279 

39 

11 

8 

8 

93^ 

6 

73^ 

10 

6^ 

7H 

45 

276 

40 

11 

7 

7 

10 

6 

7 

10 

7 

73^ 

44 

270 

41 

10 

7K 

7 

9 

6 

7 

10 

63^ 

7 

44 

272 

42 

8H 

6M 

6^ 

8 

534 

5^ 

8H 

634 

63^ 

40 

262 

43 

93€ 

8K 

7 

9 

6H 

7 

9H 

7 

8 

48 

249 

44 

8M 

73i 

5K 

8 

6 

53^ 

W2 

7 

6 

44 

265 

45 

iiM 

8M 

8 

11 

6K 

7^ 

11 

7M 

8 

49 

279 

46 

11 

7M 

8K 

103^ 

5M 

8 

11 

7 

8^ 

45 

274 

47 

■lOM 

8 

7M 

9H 

6 

7 

lOM 

7 

7>^ 

46 

253 

48 

10 

83€ 

7 

8^ 

6 

6 

10 

8 

73^ 

48 

274 

49 

iiM 

8 

8 

11 

6^ 

7^ 

12 

73^ 

8 

48 

280 

50 

13 

8 

10 

12 

6 

10 

13 

7 

103^ 

46 

281 

51 

10^ 

73i 

7^ 

10 

53^ 

73^ 

10 

63^ 

7 

42 

273 

52 

9 

63^ 

6^ 

8 

5 

6 

9 

6 

7 

39 

263 

♦Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations  . 

237 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— UPPERS. 


TABLE  OP  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— UPPERS.      (Continued.) 

ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


6 
2 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

■d  «§    . 

bine 
;h  si: 
ors 
iwil] 
rcle 

Illus- 

2 

trated 

5 
o 

Combinec 

Combined 

Combined 

g-d'C  oQ 

on 

s 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

page 

53 

ny2 

7M 

9 

11 

6 

83^ 

12 

7 

10 

45 

278 

54 

9 

7M 

7H 

9 

53^ 

7M 

93^ 

7 

W2 

43 

266 

55 

13 

8 

11 

13 

63^ 

103^ 

13 

7^ 

11 

48 

281 

56 

14 

9 

113^ 

14 

7M 

103^ 

15 

9 

12 

57 

260 

57 

12 

8 

9 

11 

6^ 

9 

123^ 

73^ 

10 

48 

258 

58 

13 

8M 

11 

123^ 

73i 

11 

14 

8 

12 

52 

281 

59 

11^^ 

7>^ 

9 

11 

6 

9 

123^ 

7H 

10 

46 

256 

60 

lOM 

7 

W2 

93^ 

53^ 

73^ 

11 

63^ 

8 

42 

270 

61 

10 

8 

7 

9 

6^ 

7 

10 

73^ 

8 

48 

252 

62 

12 

7 

10 

11^ 

53€ 

9 

12 

7 

10 

42 

256 

63 

11 

7 

73^ 

93^ 

5M 

7 

io>^ 

7 

7 

43 

271 

64 

12 

9 

9 

113^ 

63^ 

83^ 

12 

8 

9 

52 

280 

67 

8M 

8M 

6 

8 

63€ 

6 

9 

73^ 

7 

48 

267 

68 

8K 

73^ 

63^ 

8M 

6 

63^ 

83^ 

73^ 

6^ 

46 

248 

69 

8 

9M 

7 

7 

8 

63^ 

9 

8H 

8 

58 

249 

70 

16 

9 

14 

15 

73€ 

133^ 

16 

8K 

14 

54 

261 

71 

12 

9M 

10 

12 

7 

93^ 

12>^ 

83€ 

10 

56 

258 

72 

13 

9 

11 

12 

7 

10>^ 

13 

8 

11 

53 

282 

73 

8 

7M 

6 

W2 

6 

6 

8 

7 

63^ 

45 

265 

74 

9 

6M 

73^ 

8 

4M 

63^ 

8 

51^ 

7 

37 

263 

75 

im 

8 

lOK 

13 

6 

103^ 

14 

7 

11 

46 

2S2 

76 

13 

8 

11 

13 

63^ 

10^ 

13>^ 

8 

11 

49 

260 

77 

14 

8 

12^ 

14 

63^ 

12^ 

15 

73^ 

13 

'    47 

282 

78 

UH 

8 

10 

11 

6 

9 

12 

7 

10 

•    46 

257 

79 

W2 

W2 

6 

7 

6K 

6 

8 

8 

63^ 

51 

249 

80 

13M 

8 

11 

13 

6 

103^ 

13 

7 

10 

46 

282 

81 

12^ 

8^ 

11 

12 

7 

11 

13 

8 

11 

52 

259 

82 

9 

6M 

7 

9 

53€ 

6K 

9 

6 

7 

40 

247 

83 

10 

7 

7 

93^ 

5M 

7 

10 

6M 

7M 

43 

250 

84 

10 

7H 

7 

9 

5^ 

6M 

93^ 

6 

7 

41 

272 

85 

11 

9 

83^ 

10 

7 

8 

10^ 

8 

7^ 

53 

254 

86 

11 

8J^ 

9 

103^ 

6K 

8 

11 

7^ 

9 

49 

254 

87 

83^ 

7 

5 

83^ 

5H 

5 

9 

7 

5^ 

43 

262 

88 

8H 

6M 

6M 

9 

5 

63^ 

8>i 

6 

6^ 

39 

262 

89 

8 

7 

5H 

8 

53^ 

6 

8 

63^ 

5K 

42 

247 

90 

9 

7 

7H 

9 

5 

7M 

10 

6 

73^ 

40 

247 

91 

9 

7 

7>^ 

9 

5H 

7^ 

9 

6M 

7 

42 

264 

92   IIM 

73^ 

8 

103^ 

6 

7 

113^ 

7 

7 

45 

274 

93 

8 

7M 

6 

73€ 

6 

6 

8 

7 

6 

45 

265 

94 

9 

8M 

8 

8 

7 

7 

9 

83i 

73^ 

52 

268 

95 

9 

7 

7 

9 

5 

7 

9 

63€ 

7 

40 

264 

96 

11 

7 

8 

103^ 

6 

83^ 

11 

7 

8 

41 

271 

98 

8M 

7M 

7 

8K 

5K 

7 

9 

7 

7 

43 

265 

99! 

9K 

W2 

73^ 

9 

53^ 

7H 

93^ 

7 

7 

44 

266 

100 

11 

8 

9 

11 

6 

9 

11^ 

73^ 

93^ 

47 

276 

101 

11 

8M 

10 

11 

63€ 

10 

12 

W2 

11 

48 

254 

102 

12 

8H 

9 

11^ 

6M 

9 

12 

7 

9H 

48 

258 

103 

11 

734 

8 

10^ 

6 

8 

11 

7 

8 

45 

252 

104 

11 

83^ 

8H 

11 

6 

8K 

11 

73^ 

9 

48 

254 

105 

11 

8K 

9 

11 

6 

9^ 

11 

7 

8H 

47 

276 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations  _ 

238 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGvS— UPPERS. 

TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— UPPERS.     (Continued.) 

ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


d 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

•d^S 

2; 

bine 
h  si: 
Drs  ( 
iwill 
rcle 

Illus- 

2 

trated 

"3 
o 

Combined 

Combined 

Combined 

c-c'C  o(3 

on 

g 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 

OT  »;ca 

page 

shut 

shut 

shut 

"^§ 

108 

10 

8 

8 

10 

6 

8 

103^ 

7 

8 

46 

252 

107 

11 

8M 

8K 

11 

6^ 

83^ 

11^ 

73^ 

9 

48 

277 

108 

nV2 

8 

93^ 

11 

6 

9>^ 

ii3i 

73^ 

10 

47 

257 

109 

13 

8K 

11 

13 

6K 

11 

13 

8 

IIM 

51 

260 

110 

9^ 

8M 

7 

9H 

6H 

63^ 

10 

I'A 

7^ 

48 

249 

111 

loy^ 

9 

8 

9H 

7 

8 

103^ 

8 

9 

53 

253 

112 

10 

9 

8 

9H 

7 

7M 

12 

8 

9 

53 

253 

113 

11^ 

9 

8H 

11 

7 

8^ 

11^ 

8 

9 

53 

257 

114 

11 

8 

9 

11 

6^ 

9^ 

113^ 

7^ 

9M 

48 

255 

115 

12 

8M 

9 

11 

6H 

9 

12 

7^ 

9 

49 

258 

116 

12 

9 

9 

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Twentieth.  Century  Facings  may  be  ordered  from  these  moulds. 
*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations 


239 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— UPPERS. 

TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— UPPERS. 

ARRANGED  BY  SIZE. 

(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


d 
2 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

Combined 

width  six 

anteriors   on 

Bonwill 

Circle 

Illus- 

2 

O 

Length 

Width 

Combined 

bite  and 

shut 

Length 

Width 

Combined 

bite  and 

shut 

Length 

Width 

Combined 

bite  and 

shut 

trated 

on 

page 

SHORT   J 

\NT>   NARROW. 

89 

8 

7 

53^ 

8 

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6 

8 

63^ 

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247 

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534 

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43 

262 

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17 

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41 

263 

32 

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9 

7 

7 

44 

263 

52 

9 

61^ 

63^ 

8 

5 

6 

9 

6 

7 

39 

263 

74 

9 

61^ 

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63^ 

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7 

37 

263 

82 

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634 

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7 

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247 

90 

9 

7 

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247 

91 

9 

7 

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7 

42 

264 

95 

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7 

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634 

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264 

18 

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7 

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41 

264 

125 

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7 

7H 

9 

5y4. 

7H 

9K 

6^i 

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41 

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SHORT 

AND, 

MEDIUM 

WIDE 

73 

8 

714 

6 

73^ 

6 

6 

8 

7 

6K 

45 

265 

93 

8 

714 

6 

7K 

6 

6 

8 

7 

6 

45 

265 

68 

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714 

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6 

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7 

43 

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9 

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127 

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13 

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7 

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44 

267 

22 

9M 

7M 

6K 

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267 

SHORT   AND   WIDE. 

79 

714 

8 14 

6 

7 

6 14 

6 

8 

8 

63^ 

51 

249 

69 

8 

934 

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7 

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6K 

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614 

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250 

Twentieth  Century  Facings  may  be  ordered  from  these  moulds. 
♦Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations. 


240 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— UPPERS. 


TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY   PLATINUM   PIN    FACINGS— UPPERS. 

ARRANGED  BY  SIZE. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


(Continued.) 


d 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS.               i-o  X  o„ 

Illus- 

2 
"3 
o 

Length  1  Width 

Combined 

bite  and 

shut 

Length 

Width 

1             :35  s  gfci 

Combined                                Combined  B-v'C  oQ 

bite  and    Length    Width    bite  and  rR'%^^ 

shut                    j                    shut              3 

trated 

on 

page 

MEDIUM   LONG   AND 

NARROW. 

11 

10 

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6 

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63^ 

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10 

7 

7 

42 

269 

20 

10 

7 

7 

9 

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63^ 

103/^ 

714 

7 

44 

269 

24 

10 

7 

7 

914 

6H 

63^ 

10 

7 

7 

43 

270 

31 

10 

7 

8 

9 

6 

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10 

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37 

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914 

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63^ 

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44 

250 

83 

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7 

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534 

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270 

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251 

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LONG 

AND    MEDIUM 

WIDE. 

5 

10 

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7 

914 

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6^ 

10 

7 

63^ 

45 

271 

6 

10 

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6K 

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10 

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7 

9 

6 

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273 

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10 

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7 

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714 

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7 

8 

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274 

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10 

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6K 

7 

42 

274 

29 

11 

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10 

6 

7 

11 

7 

8 

45 

274 

46 

11 

734 

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1014 

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8 

11 

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45 

275 

103 

11 

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8 

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6 

8 

11 

7 

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252 

92 

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8 

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6 

7 

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275 

MEDIUM   LONG   AND   WIDE. 


48 

10 

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7 

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6 

6 

10 

8 

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275 

61 

10 

8 

7 

9 

634 

7 

10 

714 

8 

48 

252 

106 

10 

8 

8 

10 

6 

8 

1014 

7 

8 

46 

252 

112 

10 

9 

8 

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7 

7K 

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53 

253 

130 

10 

8 

7 

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49 

253 

133 

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7 

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49 

275 

3 

1034 

8 

7 

9M 

5K 

7 

10^ 

7 

7K 

45 

276 

Twentieth  Century  Pacings  may  be  ordered  from  these  moulds. 
*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations. 


241 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— UPPERS. 

TABLE    OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— UPPERS.      (Continued.) 

ARRANGED  BY  SIZE. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


CENTRALS. 


Length 


Width 


Combined 

bite  and 

shut 


LATERALS. 


Length 


Width 


Combined 

bite  and 

shut 


CUSPIDS. 


Length 


Width 


Combined  S-S'cl  oi; 
bite  and    .°'SSm 
shut 


iO  ^■ 


Illus- 
trated 


MEDIUM  LONG  AND  WIDE.     (Continued.) 

47 

lOK 

8 

7K 

91/^ 

6 

7 

101/^ 

7 

7^ 

46 

253 

28 

10  J/, 

^y?. 

7^ 

10 

6 

7y2 

11 

8 

8 

49 

276 

111 

my,, 

9 

8 

9^ 

7 

8 

10  H 

8 

9 

53 

276 

12 

8 

7H 

91/^ 

6K 

Qy2 

10 

7y 

8 

47 

276 

25 

8 

7>^ 

9^ 

6 

7 

10 

7 

8 

46 

277 

39 

8 

8 

91/^ 

6 

W2 

10 

Qy 

7y2 

45 

277 

85 

9 

8J^ 

10 

7 

8 

10  ^ 

8 

73^ 

53 

254 

86 

m. 

9 

loy 

6^ 

8 

11 

7y 

9 

49 

254 

100 

8 

9 

11 

6 

9 

11 H 

7y 

9K 

47 

277 

101 

8^ 

10 

11 

QH 

10 

12 

7y 

11 

48 

254 

104 

8^ 

8^ 

11 

6 

8K 

11 

ry 

9 

48 

254 

105 

8H, 

9 

11 

6 

9K 

11 

7 

83^ 

47 

277 

107 

814 

8J^ 

11 

6^ 

W2 

wy 

7y 

9 

48 

278 

114 

8 

9 

11 

61/^ 

9M 

ny 

7y 

9M 

48 

255 

118 

8 

sy2 

10  K2 

614 

8 

11 

7y 

9 

47 

255 

119 

8^2 

8 

11 

6^ 

8 

11 

714 

8^ 

48 

255 

128 

8 

8>^ 

10  ^ 

6 

83^ 

11 

714 

9 

46 

255 

132 

8^4 

9 

11 

7 

9 

12 

8 

9H 

52 

278 

134 

'^'A 

8 

10 

714 

8 

12 

sy 

9 

56 

256 

143 

8 

7 

loy 

6 

7 

11 

6H 

7 

45 

278 

9 

iiK 

8 

8 

101/. 

&y?. 

7^ 

lOH 

7 

83^ 

47 

278 

135 

iiM 

8K2 

9 

lOM 

7 

9 

12 

8 

10 

52 

256 

LONG  AND  NARROW. 


62 


12 

7 

10 

11^ 

5M 

9 

12 

7 

10 

42 

256 


LONG   AND 

MEDIUM    WIDE. 

8 

113^ 

74 

8 

loy 

6 

8 

113^ 

7 

8 

44 

279 

26 

113/2 

7H 

83^ 

10 

64 

8 

11 

7 

83-^ 

46 

279 

63 

ny 

74 

9 

11 

6 

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7 

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45 

279 

59 

ny 

7y 

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46 

256 

142 

ny 

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7 

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114 

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8 

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12 

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8 

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280 

131 

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7% 

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iiM 

6 

93^ 

i2y2 

7 

93^ 

45 

257 

Twentieth  Century  Facings  may  be  ordered  from  these  moulds. 
*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations. 


242 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— UPPERS. 


TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM    PIN  FACINGS— UPPERS.      (Continued.; 

ARRANGED  BY  SIZE. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


CENTRALS. 


Length 


Width 


Combined 

bite  and 

shut 


LATERALS. 


Length 


CUSPIDS.  -o  X  o 

lc««?.2'    lUus- 

j  '^•S  o  c  ^    trated 

Combined  S-o?  oiQ 


Combined  _.-__„_ 

Width!  bite  and    Length     Width     bite  and   ^'^  ^« 
I      shut  shut 


on 
page 


LONG   AND   WIDE. 


1 

113^ 

8 

8 

108 

n^ 

8 

9^ 

113 

im 

9 

8M 

138 

11 H 

8 

93^ 

45 

ii«^ 

814 

8 

49 

UH 

8 

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12 

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57 

12 

8 

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64 

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71 

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934 

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102 

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115 

12 

8K 

9 

116 

12 

9 

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121 

12 

9K 

10 

122 

12 

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9K 

137 

12 

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10 

81 

121/^ 

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34 

13 

9 

11 

50 

13 

8 

10 

55 

13 

8 

11 

58 

13 

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11 

72 

13 

9 

11 

76 

13 

8 

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109 

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80 

13  K 

8 

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75 

13  K 

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53  1 

12 

7  3^ 

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lOH 

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13 

7 

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52 

14 

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51 

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7 

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14 

54 

280 
257 
257 
280 
280 
281 
257 
281 
258 
281 
258 
258 
258 
259 
259 
259 
281 
259 
282 
282 
282 
282 
283 
260 
260 
260 
283 
283 
260 
283 
284 
261 


Twentieth  Century  Facings  may  be  ordered  from  these  moulds. 
*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations. 


243 


DENTSPLY   PLATINUM    PIN   FACINGS— LOWERS. 

TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— LOWERS. 

ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


6 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

Combined 
width 

Illus- 

■a 

trated 

3 

Combined 

Combined 

Combined 

SIX 

on 

S 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Lengtli 

Width 

bite  and 

shut 

anteriors 
set  up 

page 

1 

10 

5 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

6 14 

8^ 

36 

300 

2 

10 

434 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

6 

8 

35 

300 

3 

9H 

5 

73^ 

9H 

5 

7K 

1034 

614 

8 

37 

297 

4 

101^ 

5 

9 

11 

5 

9 

11 

6K 

9 

36 

301 

5 

10 

434 

9>y2 

1014 

514 

8^ 

1014 

6 

9 

36 

298 

6 

10^4 

5 

9 

lOH 

534 

9 

11 

7 

9 

39 

301 

7 

10 

434 

8 

934 

5 

8 

10 

514 

9 

34 

297 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

514 

8 

11 

6 

9 

36 

297 

9 

9 

5 

8 

9 

534 

8 

10 

6 

8^ 

36 

300 

10 

12 

^y?. 

12 

1214 

434 

12 

13 

514 

12 

33 

299 

11 

11 

4K 

10 

11 

5 

9J^ 

12 

614 

10 

36 

298 

12 

181^, 

5^ 

13 

18 14 

6 

13 

19 

714 

13 

42 

299 

13 

151/^ 

514 

12 

1514 

514 

12 

1534 

642 

12 

38 

299 

14 

9 

41/, 

7 

9 

5 

7 

94. 

6 

7 

34 

300 

15 

8% 

514 

7 

814 

514 

7 

8 14 

6 14 

7H 

38 

297 

16 

13 

51^ 

10 

13 

6 

10 

13 

64 

11 

40 

298 

17 

14 

4 

103^ 

1314 

414 

10 

14 

6 

10 

31 

301 

18 

15 

4 

11 

15 

4M 

11 

1542 

6 

11 

33 

299 

TABLE  OF  DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS— LOWERS. 

ARRANGED  BY  SIZE, 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


d 

2 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

Combined 

Illus- 

■a 

trated 

3 

Combined 

Combined 

Combined 

anteriors 
set  up 

on 

S 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

page 

15 

8I4 

514 

7     . 

8I4 

53^ 

7 

8I4 

6 14 

7K 

38 

297 

9 

9 

5 

8 

9 

534 

8 

10 

6 

8J^ 

36 

300 

14 

9 

414 

7 

9 

5 

7 

93^ 

6 

7 

34 

300 

3 

914 

5 

7H 

914 

5 

73^ 

1034 

6 14 

8 

37 

297 

1 

10 

5 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

6K 

83^ 

36 

800 

2 

10 

434 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

6 

8 

35 

300 

5 

10 

434 

8^ 

1014 

514 

8^ 

1014 

6 

9 

36 

298 

7 

10 

434 

8 

934 

5 

8 

10 

54 

9 

34 

297 

8 

10 

5 

8 

10 

514 

8 

11 

6 

9 

36 

297 

4 

1014 

5 

9 

11 

5 

9 

11 

634 

9 

36 

301 

6 

1034 

5 

9 

103/^ 

534 

9 

11 

7 

9 

39 

301 

11 

11 

414 

10 

11 

5 

93^ 

12 

64 

10 

36 

298 

10 

12 

414 

12 

1214 

434 

12 

13 

54 

12 

33 

299 

16 

13 

514 

10 

13 

6 

10 

13 

64 

11 

40 

298 

17 

14 

4 

103^ 

1314 

414 

10 

14 

6 

10 

31 

301 

18 

15 

4 

11 

15 

434 

11 

154 

6 

11 

33 

299 

13 

1514 

514 

12 

1514 

514 

12 

1534 

642 

12 

38 

299 

12 

183^ 

5K 

13 

18^ 

6 

13 

19 

742 

13 

42 

299 

•Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations 

244 


DENTSPLY    PLATINUM    PIN    FACINGvS— BICUSPIDS    AND 

MOLARS. 


TABLE  OF  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS  (8's). 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)* 


1st  BICUSPID. 

2nd 

BICUSPID. 

1st 

MOLAR.   1 

2nd 

MOLAR. 

^        1 

-*.*   en 

• 

1 

5.  o  i 
c  o  J,, 

c  M  e  1 

O   CD 

O     1 

O 

Si 

"S-o 
c32 

bo 

C 

•S  S" 
ES-g 

t  ! 

a 

•S-o 

c3S 

7 

7* 

6 

6 

71 

64 

6 

7 

9 

54 

6 

9 

5 

30^ 

44 

8 

5* 

6 

71 

51 

6 

64 

8 

6 

64 

8 

6 

27 

6 

Si 

7 

7 

8 

7i 

7 

74 

94 

64 

7 

n 

6 

33i 

15 

9 

6 

7 

9 

6 

7 

8 

8 

7 

74 

8 

6 

28 

19 

9 

6 

■  8 

9 

6 

8 

8 

9 

64 

84 

84 

6 

294 

58 

9 

61 

8 

9 

64 

8 

8 

10 

8 

8 

84 

7 

314 

59 

9 

5f 

7h 

9 

6 

74 

9 

8i 

7 

8 

8 

64 

28 

8 

n 

7 

8 

91 

7i 

8 

8 

10 

7 

8 

9f 

74 

34 

1 

10 

6 

8i 

9i 

6 

84 

9 

9 

74 

7 

9 

7 

ZO 

5 

10 

5 

7 

10 

5i 

7 

10 

74 

7 

9 

7i 

7 

25 

26 

10 

6 

9 

10 

6i 

84 

9 

9 

7 

9 

Sk 

7 

29  i 

51 

10 

61 

8 

10 

64 

8 

10 

8i 

8 

94 

8i 

8 

294 

52 

10 

6 

6^ 

10 

64 

64 

10 

10 

64 

9 

94 

6 

32 

56 

10 

6i 

9 

10 

64 

84 

10 

84 

8 

9 

84 

74 

30 

57 

10 

6§ 

9 

10 

64 

9 

84 

10 

8 

84 

9 

8 

32 

77 

lOi 

7 

8 

10 

7 

8 

9 

9f 

74 

8 

9f 

64 

334 

29 

101 

6i- 

9 

10 

6| 

84 

8 

lOi 

8 

74 

9f 

64 

324 

30 

101 

6 

9 

m 

6 

9 

10 

84 

9 

10 

8 

9 

284 

45 

m 

6i 

8 

101 

6| 

8 

10 

10 

74 

9 

9 

7 

32 

49 

101 

6 

10 

10§ 

64 

10 

10 

9 

8 

10 

9 

8 

304 

55 

m 

6 

74 

101 

6 

74 

10 

8 

74 

94 

8 

64 

28 

4 

11 

7 

9 

m 

7 

9 

10 

10 

8 

9 

91 

74 

334 

46 

11 

61 

81 

111 

7 

84 

10 

n 

8 

84 

9 

7 

32 

47 

11 

7 

8 

11 

74 

8 

10 

9 

7 

94 

9 

7 

33 

50 

11 

6i 

10 

Hi 

6i 

10 

11 

9 

10 

104 

8 

9 

294 

53 

•  11 

6 

9 

11 

64 

9 

10 

9 

8 

94 

84 

74 

30 

11 

IH 

7i 

9 

11 

8 

9 

11 

114 

84 

10 

11 

74 

371  : 

48 

lU 

6 

8 

11 

64 

8 

114 

9 

74 

11 

84 

74 

30 

54 

12 

6§ 

9 

lU 

7 

9 

11 

9 

9 

10 

9 

8 

314 

10 

12i 

7 

10 

12 

7 

94 

11 

11 

84 

11 

10 

84 

35 

2 

13 

6 

10 

12i 

6 

10 

13 

10 

94 

12 

9 

94 

31 

3 

14 

6f 

11 

14 

61 

11 

124 

104 

104 

12 

104 

11 

35 

9 

14 

6 

12f 

14 

7 

11 

13 

94 

104 

12 

9 

10 

314 

12 

17i 

G 

15 

171 

7 

15 

18 

84 

15 

17 

84 

15 

30 

293 
293 

285 
293 
294 
285 
285 
286 
294 
286 
294 
286 
287 
294 
287 
287 
295 
288 
295 
288 
295 
288 
289 
289 
280 
2110 
290 
290 
291 
291 
291 
292 
292 
296 


*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight  variations 


245 


SPECIAL  CUSPID  MOULDS 


The  following  moulds  are  offered  to  increase  the  range  of  moulds 
available  as  cuspid  and  sometimes  as  bicuspid  facings. 

The  numbers  are  similar  to  the  numbers  of  many  moulds  offered  in 
sets  of  6.  When  ordering  the  following  moulds  specify  "Special  Cuspid 
Mould  Number." 

The  illustrations  of  these  moulds  will  be  found  on  page  302  and  the  pages  following. 


TABLE  OF  CUSPIDS  IN  PAIRS. 
(ALL  DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN  MILLIMETERS.)  ■' 


Combined 

Combined 

Mould  No. 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

Mould  No. 

Length 

Width 

bite  and 
shut 

6 

6 

7 

5 

109 

9 

7K 

7 

121 

6M 

6 

5 

111 

9 

6 

7 

4 

7 

7 

53^ 

113 

9 

6 

7 

5 

7 

7 

5 

i        116 

9 

63^ 

7 

2 

iy2 

8 

7 

7 

W2 

6 

7 

3 

W2 

8 

6 

43 

9M 

7 

8 

1 

8 

9 

9 

11 

10 

7 

7 

52 

8 

53^ 

53^ 

12 

10 

7 

83^ 

74 

8 

5 

7 

23 

10 

7>^ 

73^ 

79 

8 

8 

7 

30 

10 

6 

8 

88 

8 

6 

7 

35 

10 

W2 

9 

89 

8 

63^ 

6 

39 

10 

7 

8 

118 

8 

5 

7 

47 

10 

73^ 

8 

119 

8 

63^ 

5K 

83 

10 

7 

8 

120 

8 

8 

6^ 

85 

10 

8 

73^ 

122 

8 

4 

7 

90 

10 

6 

8 

8 

8H 

7 

6M 

110 

10 

6V'2 

8 

95 

8M 

.6 

7 

86 

11 

7>^ 

9 

115 

8M 

6 

53^ 

92 

UK 

7 

8 

123 

8^ 

43^ 

7 

101 

iiK 

9 

9 

14 

9 

6^ 

8 

22 

12 

33^ 

10 

84 

9 

6 

8 

102 

12 

8 

9 

87' 

9 

7 

7 

!          80 

13 

7 

lOH 

*Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to  slight 
variations. 


246 


Dents  PLY  Facings 

SHORT  MOULDS. 


09 

Pointdl    I'll  -, 

MOULD  89.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  ^y^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  ."^'i;  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  6Vi!  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   5%   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  42  mm. 

r\ 

82 


Pointed     Pins 

MOULD  82.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill   Circle,  40  mm. 


90 


^ 


Pointed   Pins 


MOULD  90.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7'^^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7%  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  40  mm. 

'^    -^ 

125 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  125.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9%  mm.,  width,  7  mm,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7}^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5%:  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7V2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  OVs  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   7V2   mm. 

Combined  width  0  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  41  mm. 

247 


•7Q  <s     /  I  W'l        I 

\J      ^- — ^ 

Pointed     Pins 

MOULD  73.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  7^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Combined  width  6'  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


r )  fY"^f\ 


GB      ,    ,    ,  ,,,  ^ ,,,,„    « 

Pointed    Pins 

MOULD  68.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J/^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8^>  mm.,  width  7^^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


724 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  124.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7M  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8%  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   eVg   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  44  mm. 


qg 

/Ml  P 

Pointed    Pins 

MOULD  99.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9^  mm.,  width  7]4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  71^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9yi  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set  on   Bonwill    Circle,   44   mm. 

248 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  79.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  7^^  mm.,  width,  i^^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral;  length,  7  mm.,  width,  6V2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^4  mm. 

Combined   width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  51   mm. 


69 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  69.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  9  94  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  7  mm.,  width  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
eVa  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  BVa  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,    8   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  SV-  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,    8   ,mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  58  mm. 


43 


lilJUiii^ 


Pointed  Pins 
MOULD  43.     Dimensions   of  central:  length,  9^    mm.,  width,  SYz    mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6V3  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  91/2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined    width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    48    mm. 


770 


Pointed  Pins 


MOULD  110.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  QYz  mm.,  width,  8M  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  914  mm.,  width,  eVa  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^.ii   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7V2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7%  mm. 

Combined   width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    48    mm. 

249 


126 


Pointed  Pins 


MOULD  126.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9],^  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  oVs  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  QYo  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


23 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  23.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9%  mm.,  width,  8  mm,,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  6}^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  QVa  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


MEDIUM  MOULDS. 

Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  37.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  QVo  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bit  and 
shut,   6l^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  m,m. 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  83.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9]/^  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,    7   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  lYz  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  43  mm. 


250 


7.99 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  129.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  G}{.  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7%   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  G  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  39  mm. 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  30.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10^4  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined  bite   and   shut,   7   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOy^  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite 
and   shut,   7  mm. 

Combined   width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   43   mm. 


129 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  129.  Dimensions  cf  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined   bite    and    shut,    9    mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  loy^  mm.,  width,  SVa  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  y^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined   width   6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


35 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined    width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    45    mm. 

251 


Ml 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  141.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9%  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


103 


^ 


Pointed     Pins 

MOULD  103,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensicns  of  lateral:  length,  lOyz  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  61.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width.,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined   bite    and    shut,    7    mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   7   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7^2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


106 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  106.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined  bite    and   shut,    8   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  anil 
shut,    8    mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOVg  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Combined    width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    46    mm. 

252 


r^.r\ 


1J2 


Pointed   Pins 


MOULD  112.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7'/>  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  S  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9   mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   5.3   mm. 


130 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  130.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  Va  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width   6   anteriors   set  on   Bonwill   Circle,   49   mm. 


47 


Pointed   Pins 


MOULD  47.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10 M  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7'^^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  QVz  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOVg  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Combined   width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill    Circle,  46  mm. 


IJl 


t  A  jiliiiikiy  ^ 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  111,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10 1>^  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,   8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  gVs  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOVs  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill  Circle,  53  mm. 


2.53 


05 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  85.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  S}i   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOVs  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7%  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors    set   on    Bonwill    Circle,    .53    mm. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  86.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8^^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  lOVs  mm.,  width  eVs  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  iVo  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill  Circle,  49  mm. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  101.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  11  mm.,  width,  8%  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width  6^/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7^3  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  11  mm. 

Combined   width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    48   mm. 


104 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  104.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  83^^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  S}^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  SVa  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  iVs  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm, 

254 


714 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  114.     Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite   and   shut,   9   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  G|/y  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9 Me   mm. 

Dimensions   of   cuspid:   length,   ll'/o   mm.,   width,   7'/i   mm.,   combined   bite 
and   shut,   9%   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  48  mm. 


,  /^/^ 


J  78 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  118.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  S)>^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  lOVo  mm.,  width,  oVi  mm.,  combined  bite 
and   shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width  iVo  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 


179 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD   119.     Dimensions   of  central:   length,   11   mm.,  width,   8%    mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions    of   lateral:    length,    11    mm.,    width,    QVz    mm.,    combined    bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions    of    cuspid:    length,    11    mm.,    width,    7^/4    mm.,    combined   bite 
and  shut,  8V2  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set   on    Bonwill    Circle,   48   mm. 


128 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  128.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  S%   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  IOV3  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8V2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7^/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill   Circle,  46  mm. 


134- 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  134.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  ^Yz  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  SV?  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   9    mm. 

Combined  width  6   anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   56  mm. 


135  <^/ ; , 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  135.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  111,4  mm.,  width,  iVz  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10 V,  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   52   mm. 


LONG  MOULDS. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  62.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  Vy  mm.,  width,  5'^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill  Circle,  42  mm. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  59.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  lli,^  mm.,  width,  ly^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   9   mm.  j 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12yo  mm.,  width,  71/2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


131 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  131.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12?^^  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7^^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11%  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12V1'  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  QVs  mm. 

Combined   width   6  anteriors  set   on   Eonwill   Circle,  45   mm. 


108 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  108.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11 1^  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined   bite   and   shut,   9^k    mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  OYz  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  ll^/i  mm.,  width,  7Yo  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   47   mm. 


113 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  113.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11 J^  mm.,  width,  9  mm,,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8f4    mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8Vz  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  liy,  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined   width    6    anteriors    set    on    Bonwill    Circle,    5.3    mm. 


78 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  78,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11%  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined   width   6  anteriors   set   on    Bonwill    Circle,   46   mm. 


57 

A  iiiiiiiij'^'tijiiii* 

Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  57.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  SVa  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  I2V3  mm.,  width  TVs  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  71.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  9?4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  dVo  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12yo  mm.,  width,  8^/4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  56  mm. 


102 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  102.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width  8^.^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  llVs  mm.,  width,  GVo  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9^/3  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


115 

Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  115.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8 94  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  ey.  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  71/3  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,    9   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set  on  Bonwill   Circle,  49   mm, 

258 


276 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  116.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  9  mm..,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width   G  anteriors   set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  53   mm. 


121 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  121.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  9%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,   10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  wndth,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  1.3  mm.,  width,  SVs  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  lO^o  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  56  mm. 


122 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  122.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  9  54  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9%   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  TVs  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  QVo  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  mm. 

Combined  width  6   anteriors  set  on  Bonwill   Circle,  58  mm. 


81    = 


Pointed    Pins 

MOULD  81.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12^  mm.,  width,  8^/^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  1014  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   11   mm. 

Combined   width   G   anteriors   set   on    Bonwill   Circle,   52   mm. 

250 


rt  f'\f 


Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  76.     Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,   11   mm. 

Dimensions    of    lateral:    length,    13    mm.,   width,    61/2    mm.,    combined    bite 
and  shut,  lOYa  mm. 

Dimensions    of   cuspid:    length,    131/3    mm.,   width,    8    mm.,    combined    bite 
and  shut,  11  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set   on  Bonwill   Circle,  49  mm. 


109 


"i  ■.■•~^ 


Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  109.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8^4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6V2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  Vo  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  51  mm 


723 

Pointed   Pins 

MOULD  123.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8M  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  d%   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6^/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  TVs  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9%  mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   48   mm. 


56 


!  Pointed  Pins 

MOULD  56.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  11^^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  TVs  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  lOV^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   12  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill  Circle,  57  mm. 


260 


10 


Pointed   Pins 


MOULD  70.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  16  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  14  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  7^/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  l^Yz  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  lengtli,  IG  mm.,  width,  SMj  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  14  mm. 

Combined  width   0  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  54  mm. 


NEW  MOULDS. 


744 


MOULD  144.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  11  mm.,  width  9  mm.  Dimen- 
sions of  lateral:  length  10  mm.,  width  6^/^  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length 
11  mim.,  width  7^^  mm. 


148 


MOULD  148.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  IV/z  mm.,  width  8  mm. 
Dimensions  of  lateral:  length  11  mm.,  width  5^  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid: 
length  11^  mm.,  width  7  mm. 


166  ^ 


MOULD  166.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  14  mm.,  width  7  mm.  Dimen- 
sions of  lateral:  length  13^  mm.,  width  6  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length 
145^  mm.,  width  7  mm. 


167 


MOULD  167.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  14i/4  mm.,  width  8  mm. 
Dimensions  of  lateral:  length  14  mm.,  width  7  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid: 
length  l^Yz  mm.,  width  8  mm. 

261 


268 


MOULD  168.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  8  mm.  Dimen- 
sions of  lateral:  length  7%  mm.,  width  6  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length 
8%  mm.,  width  7  mm. 


269 


MOULD  169.  Dimensions  of  central:  length  8  mm.,  width  7%  mm. 
Dimensions  of  lateral:  length  7%  mm.,  width  5%  mm.  Dimensions  of  cuspid: 
length  8  mm.,  width  6^^  mm. 


2S2 


CHAPTER  XVI. 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facings. 

UPPERS. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT     AND     NARROW. 

MOULD  42.     Dimensions    of   central:  length,   8^   mm.,   width,   63^   mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  &%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite  and  ^ 
shut,  5y^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  814  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6>^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  40  mm. 


-i^ 


^7    H    .     .,,,,„, 

MOULD  87.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  51,4  rnm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


88 


MOULD  88.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8J/^  mm.,  width,  G^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  G%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8J^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   6^2   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  39  mm. 

26.3 


MOULD  17.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length  S14  rnni.,  width,  5>4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   &V2   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  41  mm. 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8>^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


52 


MOULD  52.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill  Circle,  39  mm. 


MOULD  74.     Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  T^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  4^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^/4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  .5J4   mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  37  mm. 

2B4 


MOULD  82.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  694  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  40  mm. 


91 


MOULD  91.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5]!/^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7}A  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6->4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  42  mm. 


95 


MOULD  95.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  40  mm. 


18 


r%,f% 


MOULD  18,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9J4  mm.,  width,  5i^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  41  mm. 

265 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT   AND   MEDIUM   WIDE. 


73 


MOULD  73.  Dimensions  of  central,  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  l^A  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J/^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


93 

MOULD  93,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  7J4  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid;  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  .mm. 


44 

MOULD  44.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  834  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  5^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  5J/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  8i^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


98 

MOULD  98.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8%  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8^-^  mm.,  width,  5J^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  43  mm. 

266 


21 


MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  central:  lenscth,  9  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  G%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  5l4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  01^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6yi  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  42  mm. 


36 


lilMJ 


MOULD  36.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  lYz  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  534  mm.,  combined  bive  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  914  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  5J/2  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  4-4  mm. 


54 


MOULD  54.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5y^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7J?4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^/^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


99 


MOULD  99.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5J4  mm,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7;'2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9^2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined   width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  44  mm. 

2G7 


127  - 


MOULD  127.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9>4  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9>^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  qYz  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  75^   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


13 


(-./  '\ 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  93^  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9'/  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


22 


MOULD  22.     Dimensions   of  central:   length,  934  mm.,  width,  734  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


SHORT  MOULDS. 

SHORT  AND  WIDE. 


61 


01^'     \f 'JM 
iiiiiiiilijl 


MOULD  67.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8%  mm.,  width,  S%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  6J4  ,mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  7J^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


268 


94 


f^^^^P^ 


MOULD  94.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  8^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  8%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  lyi  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  52  mm. 


MEDIUM  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM    LONG    AND    NARROW. 


n 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  G%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  5>^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


15 


MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  ram., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  6^^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9>4  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6>4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined   width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  42  mm. 


20 


%f 


MOULD  20.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  loyi  mm.,  width,  7J4  inm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


269 


24 


"If  11"'  1 


MOULD  24,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm,,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9J4  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  6>^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


37   - 


■^   f 


if   I'liiil 


MOULD  31.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6)4  mm..,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


136 


iUP'ljP 


MOULD  136.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined   width  6   anteriors   set   on   Bonwill   Circle,   ■^0  mm. 


140 


MOULD  140.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5]4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill   Circle,  41  mm. 


270 


60 


MOULD  60.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10J4  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  5J/1>  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7]/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  ]1  mm.,  width,  CtjA  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Com1)incd  width  G  anteriors  set  on   1-lonwill   Circle,  A:l  mm. 


MOULD  4.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  inm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^4  mm.,  width,  fi  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  ]0  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


19  H 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10^/^  mm.,  width,  7  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


40 


MOULD  40.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^2  mm. 

Combined  width  G  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 

271 


63 


MOULD  63.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7]/i  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9J4  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOyi  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


MOULD  96.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  103^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8^2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  41  mm. 


MEDIUM  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM  LONG  AND  MEDIUM  WIDE. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7^^  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9%  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J4  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


6 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7^2  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 

272 


14 


3 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  754  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  0  mm.,  width,  oj/a  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  4.3  mm. 


26 


'3M 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  514  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  43  mm. 


41 


\f^f% 


MOULD  41.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


84 


MOULD  84.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  .5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6>4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  41  mm. 

27.3 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10^^  mm.,  width,  ly^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9J4  mm.,  width,  Q%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  imm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  lOYz  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  lYz  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length  9^  mm.,  width,  53^2  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


51 


MOULD  51,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10%  mm.,  width,.  7^4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  TY  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7J^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  42  mm. 


29   ^ 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  T^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  ,mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 

274 


46 


MOULD  46.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  73^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  loyi  mm.,  width,  .5j4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  83^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


92 


MOULD  92.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11^4  mrn.,  width,  7^^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10^/2  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


MEDIUM  MOULDS. 

MEDIUM   LONG   AND   WIDE. 


48 


MOULD  48.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  8%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8J^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Combined  wndth  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


133  ^ 


MOULD  133.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  8%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8^4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8y2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10^  mm.,  width,  7J/2  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  S%  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  49  mm. 


275 


f^f%^f% 


MOULD    3.     Dimensions    of    central:    length,    10%    mm.,    width,    8    mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 

shut,  7 J/2  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


28 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10^  mm.,  width,  8^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7J4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  49  mm. 


117 


'■^ilJtjL^'Mjj^l 


MOULD  111.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10>4  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  IOJ/2  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  53  mm. 


12 


MOULD  12.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7^/^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9y^  mm.,  width,  6}i  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  6J^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle.  47  mm. 

276 


25 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7y^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9>^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


39 


MOULD  39.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7J^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


100 


MOULD  100.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lli^^  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  95^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 


105 


MOULD  105.  Dimensions  o£  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  9^2  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9J/2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  T  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 

277 


107 


MOULD  107.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8^  mm, 
combined  bite  and  shut,  S%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  85^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11 J4  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


132 


MOULD  132.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9J^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  53  mm. 


143 


MOULD  143.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  lO^^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6^4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11^4  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10]^  mm.,  width,  6J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8%  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 

278 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG   AND   MEDIUM   WIDE. 


8 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  ll^f/^  mm.,  width,  7^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  IOI/2  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  llj/^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  44  mm. 


26 


MOULD  26.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  ll^^  mm.,  width,  734  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  S%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10'  mm.,  width,  6%.  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8^4  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


53 


MOULD  53.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11>^  mm.,  width,  7^4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8J4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


742 


MOULD  142.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11^  mm.,  width,  734  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11^4  mm.,  width,  6}i  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7j^  rnm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11^4  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 

279 


38 


MOULD  38,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm,,  width,  7>1  mm,, 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7J4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  llj^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  45  mm. 


LONG  MOULDS. 

LONG  AND  WIDE, 


MOULD  1,     Dimensions    of    central:    length,    11^^    mm.,   width,    8   mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions   of  lateral:   length,   10^   mm.,   width,   654   rnm.,   combined  bite 
and  shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   8J4   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


138 


MOULD  138.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11^^  mm,,  width,  8  mm,, 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9}A  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 


^ 


45 


1  r 


MOULD  45,  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11%  mm,,  width,  8%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6]^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  ly^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7^4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  49  mm. 


280 


49  ,= 


MOULD  49.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  1134  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  Gyi  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7>^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


10 


MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  S%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


64 


MOULD  64.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11^4  mm.,  width,  ej.^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8>^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  52  mm. 


137 


MOULD  137.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  8^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   11   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 

281 


34 


MOULD  34.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  51  mm. 


50  ^ 


MOULD  50.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10^  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


55  - 


'-K^J;*^ 


MOULD  55.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  lOJ^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  7J^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  48  mm. 


f""'% 


58 


MOULD  58.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  S%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12 J^  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  12  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  52  mm. 

282 


72 


MOULD  72.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  9  mm,, 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid,  length,  1.3  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on   Bonwill   Circle,  53  mm. 


80 


MOULD  80.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13^4  mm.,  width,  8  mm,, 
combined  bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


75 


MOULD  75.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13^4  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  10^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  46  mm. 


77 


MOULD  77.     Dimensions  of  central:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  125^^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  13J^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  13  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  47  mm. 

283 


137 


MOULD  117.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  d]/^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  12  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  7J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  11^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  734  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  12  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  on  Bonwill  Circle,  54  mm. 


284 


Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facings 


BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS 


6 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  6.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  8^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  7J/2  mm.,  width,  9'/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6J4  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  7  mm.,  width,  9%  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6   mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  3334  mm. 


58 


Pointed   Pins. 


MOULD  58.     Dimensions   as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6>^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.     Length,  8  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  syi  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  31^  mm. 


59 


Pointed   Pins. 


MOULD  59.  Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
754  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
73^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  8%  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

285 


2nd  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6J/2  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  28  mm. 

Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  8.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  9^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  95^  mm.,  width,  7J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.     Length,  8  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  9^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

Combined   width   2   bicuspids   and   2   molars,   34   mm. 


Pointed   Pins. 

MOULD  5.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  5]^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  imm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  7J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd    Molar.      Length,    9    mm.,   width,    7J4    mm.,    combined    bite    and    shut, 

7  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  25  mm. 

Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  51.    Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.     Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6J4   mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 

8  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  S%.  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9^  mm.,  width,  8^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  29^  mm.  l 

286 


52 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD   52.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  G  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6J^  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6j^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6>4  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

Combined  width   2  bicuspids   and  2  molars,  32   mm. 


57 


"i  &'"\ 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  57.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  8>^  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8^  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  32  mm. 


77 


Pointed   Pins. 


MOULD  77.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10J4  rnm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  9^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6J/2  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  33^/2  rnm. 

287 


30 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  30.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  103^2  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  8^/^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  28^  mm. 


49 


Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  49,     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^^  mm.,  width,  e^/^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

1st  Molar.     Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.     Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  30^4   mm. 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  4.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  10  .mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7J^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  33^  mm. 

288 


46 


Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  46.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8^  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9%  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8^  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7   mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  32  mm. 


47 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  47.     Dimensions    as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  7J^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.     Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

2nd  Molar.    Length,  93/2  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  33  mm. 


50 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  50.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  6j/^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  II34  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   10  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

Combined    width   2   bicuspids   and   2   molars,   29J/2   mm. 

289 


53 


Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  53.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9   mm. 

3nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  6>4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm, 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9^  mm.,  width,  8j4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7;^   mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  30  mm. 


11 


Pointed   Pins. 


MOULD  11.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  115^  mm.,  width,  7J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm.  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  115^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8^  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  11  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7J^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  37^  mm. 


4a 


Pointed   Pins. 


MOULD  48.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  11^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  6J^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  11^  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^   mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  8>2  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  30  mm. 

290 


54 


Pointed   Pins. 

MOULD  54.     Dimensions  as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  12  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  11^/2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

Combined  width   2  bicuspids   and  2   molars,   31^/2   mm. 


10 


MOULD  10.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  12^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  12  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9J^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  11  mm.,  width,  11  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J^  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  11  ,mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  35  mm. 


Pointed    Pins. 


MOULD  2.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  13  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  12^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  13  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9J4  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  12  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
95^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  31  mim. 

291 


Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  3.     Dimensions   as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  14  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
11  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  14  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
11  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  12^  mm.,  width,  10>^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
105^2  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  12  mm.,  width,  lOJ^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
11  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  35  mm. 


Pointed    Pins. 

MOULD  9.     Dimensions   as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  14  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
ISJ^  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  14  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
11  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  13  mm.,  width,  9^/2  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10J4  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  12  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
10  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  315^  mm. 


292 


Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facings 


BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS 


MOULD  7.     Dimensions  as   follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  7J^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  7^  mm.,  width,  6J/2  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  7  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
5H  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  6  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
5   mm. 

Combined   width   2   bicuspids   and   2   molars,   30^   mm. 


44 


^^C 


MOULD  44.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  m^m. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  7^  mm.,  width,  5^4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  6]/^  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  6^  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

Combined  width   2  bicuspids   and  2  molars,   27   mm. 


75 


m^M  fep^S^  /^ 


MOULD  15.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  7^/^  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  28   mm. 

293 


'i\  /f%  f^T\  /f^P\ 


19 


MOULD  19.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6^  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  8^  mm.,  width,  8J/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  29>2  mm. 


MOULD  1.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J^    mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  9j4  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J^    mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^   mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  7  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

Combined  width   2   bicuspids   and   2   molars.   30   mm. 


26  ^ 


MOULD  26.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9   m,m. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6J4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  8^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  29J4  m'm. 


56    ^ 


MOULD  56.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.     Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 


294 


2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8J/2  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  8^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  8^5/4  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
iy2  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  30  mm. 


29 


MOULD  29.     Dimensions  as  follows:— 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^  mm.,  width,  614  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
9  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  8  mm.,  width,  10^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  7^^  mm.,  width,  9%  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
6^  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids  and  2  molars,  32J/^   mm. 


45 


MOULD  45.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
8   mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   8   mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  10  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7  mm. 

Combined  width  2  bicuspids   and   2   molars,   32  mm. 


55 


!| 


MOULD  55.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  10^/^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7^  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
7J^   mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  9^/2  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
65^  mm. 

Combined  width   2   bicuspids   and   2  molars,  28  mm. 

295 


MOULD  12.     Dimensions  as  follows: — 

1st  Bicuspid.  Length,  17^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
3  5  mm. 

2nd  Bicuspid.  Length,  17J/2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
15  mm. 

1st  Molar.  Length,  18  mm.,  width,  sy^  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
15  mm. 

2nd  Molar.  Length,  17  mm.,  width,  8J/2  mm.,  combined  bite  and  shut, 
15  mm. 

Combined   width    2    bicuspids    and    2    molars,    30   mm. 


296 


Platinum   Pin  Facings 


LOWERS 


Pointed   Pin 
MOULD  7.     Dimensions    of  central:    length,    10    mm.,  width,    434    mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9)4  mm.,  width.  5  mm.,  combined  bite 
and   shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  '>]4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set  up,   34   mm. 


8 


J  \MU 

Pointed    Pin 

MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  514  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9   mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set  up,   36  mm. 


15 


Pointed   Pin 

MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  5%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  8^  mm.,  width,  SJ^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  SYz  mm.,  width,  6^4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  7^  mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors  set  up,  38   mm. 


3  ^ 


Mi#^ 


Pointed    Pin 

MOULD  3.     Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9^.  mm.,  v;idth,  5  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  7^  mm. 

297 


Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9}i  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite;  and 
shut,  7^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10%  mm.,  width,  6J4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8  mm. 

Comibined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  37  mm. 


n 


Pointed   Pin 

MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  11  mm,,  width,  4^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9J^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  12  mm.,  width,  6>^i  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  36  mm. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  4%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  lOJ^  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8J4   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set  up,   36  mm. 


MOULD  16.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  5^^  mm., 
combined  jbite  and  shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  6}i  mm.,  co^mbined  bite 
and  shut,   11  mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors  set  up,  40  mm. 

298 


Pointed   Pin 
MOULD   10.     Dimensions   of  central:  length,  12  mm.,    width,    4^/^    mm., 
combirieJ  bite  and  shut,  12  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  12J/2  mm.,  width,  4^4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  12  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  13  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  12  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  33  mm. 


Pointed  Pin 

MOULD  18.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  4  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  15  mm.,  width,  4^4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  11  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  15y^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,   11  mm. 

Combined   width    6    anteriors    set   up,    33    mm. 


Pointed   Pin 

MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  IS^/^  mm.,  width,  5%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  12  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  ISJ^  mm.,  width,  5^4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  12  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  15%  mm.,  width,  6I/2  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  12  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  38  ijnm. 


32 


Pointed  Pin 

MOULD  12.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  18^/^  mm.,  width,  5K  nim., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  13  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  I8J/2  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,   13   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  19  mm.,  width,  7y2  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  13  mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  42  mm. 

299 


Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facings 


9 


LOWERS 


1^  yy 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and   shut,   8^    mm. 

Combined  width   6  anteriors   set  up,   36  mm. 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  com- 
bined bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   8   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6%.  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  8j4   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors  set  up,  36  mm. 


MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  10  mm,,  width,  4^  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  10  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   8   mm. 

Combined  width  6   anteriors   set  up,  35  mm. 


14 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  9  mm,,  width,  i%  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  9  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   7   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  9}^  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite 
and   shut,   7   mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set   up,   34  mm. 

300 


MOULD  4.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  lO^^  mm.,  width,  5  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  5  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   9   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  GJ4  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set   up,   36   mm. 


mm 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  1034  mm.,  width,  5  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  10>4  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,  9  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  9   mm. 

Combined  width  6  anteriors   set  up,   39   mm. 


MOULD  17.  Dimensions  of  central:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  4  mm., 
combined  bite  and  shut,  10^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral:  length,  13^  mm.,  width,  4^  mm.,  combined  bite 
and  shut,   10   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspid:  length,  14  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  10  mm. 

Combined   width   6   anteriors   set   up,   31   mm. 


aoi 


Platinum  Pin  Facings 


SPECIAL  CUSPID  MOULDS 


193  ^ 


Pointed   Pin 


ilt'iJSilh'i 


Pointed    Pin 


MOULD    123.      Length,    SYz    mm.,  MOULD     2.     Length,      7^      mm., 

width,   4J/^    mm.,    combined   bite   and      width,    8    mm.,     combined     bite     and 
shut,   7   mm.  .  shut,   7   mm. 


i-O 


121  ^J 

Pointed    Pin 


Pointed    Pin 


MOULD  121.  Length,  6%  mm.,  MOULD  1.  Length,  8  mm., 
width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  9  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   5   mm,  shut,  9  mm. 


->i'  j^0r\if^> 


85 


Pointed   Pin 


Pointed   Pin 

MOULD      5.        Length,      7      mm.,  MOULD      85.        Length,    10    mm., 

width,    7    mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    8    mm.,     combined     bite     and 
shut,   5   mm.  shut,  7^^  mm. 


4  -^  Qu3  ^^^  \j 

Pointed   Pin  Pointed   Pin 

MOULD      4.        Length,      7      mm.,  MOULD    102.     Length,     12      mm. 

width,    7    mm.,    combined    bite     and  ^i^th,    8   mm.,    combined    bite    and 

shut,  51^  mm.  shut,   9  mm. 


«-[7  00 


101 


Pointed   Pin 


Pointed   Pin 


MOULD      6.     Length,       6       mm., 
width,     7     mm.,    combined    bite    and         MOULD    101.     Length,   lli^   mm., 
shut,   5   mm.  width,    9    mm.,     combined     bite     and 

shut,  9   mm. 


Pointed   Pin 


113^ 

Pointed  Pin 


MOULD      3.     Length,     75^     mm.,  MOULD      113.     Length,      9    mm., 

width,    8   mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    6    mm.,    combined     bite     and 
shut,  6  mm.  shut,   7  mm. 


302 


«i? 


Pointed   Pin 


Pointed    Pin 


MOULD     8.     Length,      8^      mm.,  MOULD      120.     Length,      8      mm., 

width,    7    mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    8    mm.,     combined     bite     and 
shut,   eYz   mm.  shut,  6^   mm. 


109 


Pointed    Pin 

MOULD  109.  Length,  9  mm., 
width,  7%  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,    7    mm. 


DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS 
SPECIAL  CUSPID  MOULDS 


88 


74 


■V 


MOULD      88,     Length,      8      mm.,  MOULD      74.     Length,      8      mnx, 

width,    6    mm.,    combined     bite     and      width,    5    mm,,     combined    bite    and 
shut,  7  mm.  shut,   7   mm. 


89 


79 


MOULD      89.  Length,  8      mm.,  . ,  ^     „                      ,  .      ,     ,  . 

.,,,      _,/                      u-     J  uv          J  width,    8    mm.,   combmed     bite     and 

width,   6%   mm.,  combined  bite    and       ,_ _^   ^ ' 

shut,  6  mm. 


MOULD      79.     Length,      8      mm., 
idth,    8    m 
shut,  7  mm. 


MOULD     118.      Length,     8     mm.,  MOULD      14.      Length,      9      mm, 

width,    5    mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    6J/^    mm.,    combined  bite     and 
shut,  7  mm.  shut,  8  mm. 


52 


I'ifi,', 


84 


MOULD      52.       Length,     8     mm.,  MOULD     84.       Length,     9     mm., 

width,   5%  mm.,  combined    bite    and      width,    6    mm.,    combined    bite    and 
shut,  5%  mm.  shut,  8  mm. 


303 


87 


116 


MOULD  87.  Length,  9  mm.,  MOULD  116.  Length,  9  mm., 
width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  G%  mm,,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  7  mm.  shut,  7  mm. 


119 


MOULD  119.  Length,  8  mm.,  MOULD  7.  Length,  9>^  mm., 
width,  GYz  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   5^  mm.  shut,  7  mm. 


122 


MOULD      122,      Length,     8     mm.,  MOULD    43.     Length,      QYz      mm., 

width,    4    mm.,     combined     bite      and      width,     7     mm.,     combined    bite    and 
and  shut,  7  mm.  shut,  8  mm. 


95 


MOULD  95.  Length,  8^  mm.,  MOULD  11.  Length,  10  mm., 
width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,   7  mm.  shut,  7  mm. 


175 


90 


MOULD  115.  Length,  8^  mm.,  MOULD  90.  Length,  10  mm., 
width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  6  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  BYz  mm.  shut,  8  mm. 


12  ^ 


20 


MOULD  12.  Length,  10  mm.,  MOULD  20.  Length,  10  mm., 
width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  &Y2  mm.  shut,   7   mm. 


717 


l,;l     J  J 


23 


MOULD    111.       Length,     9     mm.,  MOULD      23.     Length,      10     mm., 

width,    6    mm.,    combined    bite    and      width,   7Y   nim.,   combined   bite    and 
shut,    7    mm.  shut,  7Y  mni. 


304 


30 


110   ^ 


MOULD    30.        Length,      10     mm.,  MOULD    110.       Length,     10     mm., 

width,    6    mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    6^    mm.,    combined    bite    and 
shut,  8  mm.  shut,   8  mm. 


35 


86 


MOULD     35.      Length,      10     mm.,  MOULD      86.      Length,      11      mm., 

width,   Gy^   mm.,    combined   bite    and      width,   7%    mm.,   combined   bite     and 
shut,  9  mm.  shut,  9  mm. 


MOULD     39.       Length,      10     mm.,  MOULD    92.      Length,    11^/4     mm., 

width,    7     mm.,     combined     bite     and      width,    7    mm.,     combined     bite     and 
shut,  8  mm.  shut,  8  mm. 


47 


MOULD      47.     Length,      10     mm.,  MOULD    22.       Length,     12     mm., 

width,   ly^    mm.,    combined   bite   and      width,   3^   mm.,   combined  bite    and 
shut,  8  mm.  shut,   10  mm. 


83 


MOULD  83,  Length,  10  mm.,  MOULD  80.  Length,  13  mm., 
width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and  width,  7  mm.,  combined  bite  and 
shut,  8  mm.  shut,  lO^^  mm. 


805 


Saddleback  Facings 

WITH  POINTED  PINS 


The  dimensions  of  these  facings  are  so  different  from  those  of  all  other 
facings  and  teeth  that  no  measurements  of  much  practical  value  can  be 
given. 

Each  illustration  is  the  exact  size  of  the  mould  it  represents  and  the 
shape  of  the  ridge-lap  for  all  facings  of  that  mould  can  be  determined  from 
the   outline   illustration. 

Measure  the  gap  which  the  facings  are  to  fill  with  the  millimeter  meas- 
ure and  then  measure  the  illustrations  in  the  same  way. 

Dentsply  Saddleback  Facings  are  very  valuable  for  making  posterior 
bridges   with  porcelain   cusps. 

Twentieth    Century   Facings   may  be   ordered   from  these   moulds. 

On  special  order  we  furnish  these  facings  made  on  the  Twentieth  Cen- 
tury Principle,  with  vulcanite  pins.  They  are  very  valuable  in  plate  work 
where  extremely  shallow  bicuspids  or  molars  are  required. 


UPPERS 


UPPERS 


]'j^|t^jl  ,>-HL  ;;>H'V ; 


\^  /-^A^-^ 


6 


e 


306 


UPPERS 


UPPERS 


A 


2 


I^OWERS 


^^ 


Viiiu*'  V.  I, 


73 


B 


A/  1     / 


n  f^  r^ 


;'sij>^v 


LOWERS 


307 


PREFACE. 

Selecting  and  Setting  Porcelain  Crowns. 
Porcelain  crown  selection  is  so  much  more  difficult  and  delicate 
than  the  selection  of  teeth  for  full  dentures,  as  to  stand  on  a  plane 
by  itself.  It  is  the  purpose  here  to  make  plain  the  factors  involved 
in  successful  crown  selection  and  to  show  how  any  dentist  can  be- 
come so  expert  in  selecting  porcelain  crowns  as  to  win  a  reputation 
for  unusual  ability. 


808 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

Selecting  the  Mould. 

A  porcelain  crown  should  be  nearly  indistinguishable  when  set. 
Once  in  a  while  we  see  such  a  crown,  and  we  immediately  pay  our 
tribute  of  respect  to  the  skill  of  him  who  set  it.  Such  selection  Is 
easier  than  is  generally  thought.  It  requires  only  the  application  of 
a  few  rules,  each  simple  In  itself,  but  all  working  together,  to  pro- 
duce the  perfect  result. 

The  dentist  who  skillfully  selects  porcelain  crowns  does  not 
first  look  upon  the  crown  as  a  whole.  He  puts  it  through  a  mental 
separator  and  sees  It  from  different  viewpoints,  one  quality  at  a 
time.  When  he  has  seen  it  from  these  viewpoints,  and  has  decided 
how  well  it  meets  the  separate  requirements,  he  mentally  puts  It 
together  again  and  views  it  as  a  whole. 

These  viewpoints  are  not  hard  to  get  or  to  apply.  A  little 
practice  will  make  their  application  instinctive. 

The  first  of  these  viewpoints  Is  that  of  The  Mould.  It  relates 
to  the  size  and  shape  of  the  crown. 

Size. 

This  includes  length,  width  and  root  diameters. 

Three  common  methods  of  selecting  a  crown  of  the  proper  size 
are  in  use.  The  first  and  most  common  is  to  take  an  Impression 
of  the  root  and  adjoining  teeth,  pour  a  model  and  send  It  to  a 
dental  depot  where  a  crown  Is  selected,  in  most  cases,  by  a  clerk 
who  never  saw  the  case  and  who  has  no  chance  to  do  ft  justice. 
This  method  has  some  drawbacks  which  seem  not  to  occur  to  those 
who  practice  it. 

If  natural  teeth  were  all  of  a  size  and  all  of  a  color,  anyone 
might  select  an  artificial  substitute  which  would  answer  all  pur- 
poses. But  with  the  varying  sizes,  the  endlessly  differing  propor- 
tions and  outlines,  and  the  delicate  blending  of  shades,  it  is  suffi- 
ciently difficult  to  select  a  satisfactory  artificial  substitute  under 
even  the  most  favorable  conditions.  The  possibilities  of  suitable 
selection  by  one  who  never  saw  the  case  are  very  remote. 

309 


Yet  dentists  who  are  careful  in  every  other  branch  of  their 
work,  follow  this  method,  partly,  no  doubt,  because  they  have  not 
perceived  that  by  such  carelessness  all  their  finest  efforts  are  frus- 
trated. This  method  of  selecting  crowns  doubtless  accounts  for 
many  of  the  poor  matches  in  form  and  color  which  are  so  common. 


Assistants  selecting  teeth  and  crowns.  There  are  50,000  teeth  in  these 
drawers.  These  assistants,  who  know  nothing  of  dentistry  or  of  the 
particular    case,    are    selecting.     What    are    the    chances    of    success? 

It  may  be  safely  asserted  that  the  one  method  by  which  porce- 
lain crowns  can  be  satisfactorily  selected,  is  for  the  dentist  to  make 
the  selection,  in  the  presence  of  the  patient.  For  no  model,  no  mat- 
ter how  well  constructed,  can  show  forth  the  characteristics  in  shape 
and  color  that  determine  which  of  several  crowns  is  most  suitable. 
Let  us  note  the  first  requirement  of  successful  crown  selection  that 
the  dentist  shall  do  the  selecting  in  the  presence  of  the  patient. 

It  is,  of  course,  impracticable  that  the  dentist  should  leave  his 
oflice  to  make  such  selection.  We  might  invert  an  old  saying  so 
that  it  reads  if  Mohammed  will  not  go  to  the  mountain,  the  mountain 
must  come  to  Mohammed.  And  as  the  dentist  cannot  properly 
take  his  patient  to  the  dental  depot,  there  to  select,  the  dental  depot 
must  come  up  to  the  dentist,  at  least  so  far  as  a  stock  of  crowns 
is  concerned.  It  is  this  necessity  which  has  given  rise  to  the  second 
and  more  logical  way  of  selecting  porcelain  crowns. 

310 


This  method  usually  takes  one  of  two  forms  for  supplying  the 
dentist  with  a  stock  of  crowns.  The  most  popular  form  is  for  the 
dentist  to  order  a  stock  of  from  lOO  to  500  crowns,  from  which 
he  may  select  the  most  suitable.  Carefully  selected  stocks  for  this 
purpose  are  described  in  the  chapter  on  "The  Economics  of  Crown 


L    ^^^^^^^"^^^ST'EKSWSW 


UttHOAO"     'ar 


■DENISPLY    CROWNS ; 


»»§» 

^»»» 


;j(i  Qi  ffi  d  d  n 


lWENTIliTH"CLNfURY  CROWNS 


j^effifi^^l  ^:  §### 


^aaaar[  _^aciftao^i  '^^%^^9-^^\ 

-p^Q^&ml   js&^^s^^l  ""^f^kft^^ 


II    J    »    «    l\ 


jM  %  ^i^%  ^  X    %  S  S  S  &  ^       '^  "^  "^  ''  ''  ^ 


SAMPLE  'MOULDS 


"DENTSPLY   CROWNS - 


This  ca^e  contains  1  x  6  in  each  of  59  moulds  and  1x4  bicuspids,  rights  and  lefts,  in  13 
moulds.  The  mould  numbers  are  burned  indelibly  in  the  labial  or  buccal  surfaces.  They  are 
used  to  determine  the  desired  mould  and  to  facilitate  ordering  by  mould  and  shade  numbers. 
Four  bicuspid  moulds  have  been  added  since  this  picture  was  taken, 

Selection".  Or  the  dentist  may  order  what  is  called  a  "sample  line 
of  crowns",  that  is,  a  set  of  ten  anterior  crowns  in  each  mould. 

These   comprise  centrals,   laterals,   cuspids   and  bicuspids,   up- 
pers, rights  and  lefts.     To  select  a  porcelain  crown,  he  tries  dif- 

311 


ferent  moulds  into  the  mouth,  decides  which  is  most  suitable  and 
orders  from  the  dental  depot  a  crown  of  the  mould  number  selec- 
ted, giving  the  number  of  the  desired  shade  as  obtained  by  use  of 
the  shade  ring. 

A  crown  stock  kept  in  either  form  used  in  connection  with  a 
third  method  of  selection,  makes  the  choice  of  a  crown  even  more 
rapid. 

The  object  of  the  third  method  is  to  determine  rapidly  and 
accurately  the  outside  dimensions  of  the  desired  crown,  that  is  the 
length,  width  and  root  diameters.  This  may  be  done  by  the  use  of 
a  pair  of  ordinary  dividers.  Suppose  that  an  upper  right  central 
root  is  to  be  crowned,  the  left  natural  central  and  right  lateral  be- 


Measuring  vertical  length  natural  crown. 

ing  in  place.  This  is  a  case  where,  because  of  the  prominence  of  the 
restoration,  selection  must  be  as  skillful  as  possible.  But  that 
does  not  prevent  its  being  rapid. 

The  crown  to  be  placed  must  harmonize  in  length  with  the  re- 
maining natural  central.  With  the  dividers,  measure  the  left 
natural  central  from  beneath  the  free  margin  of  the  gum  to  the 
cutting  edge.  As  the  root  will  not  ordinarily  be  ground  further 
apically  than  the  attachment  of  the  gum  tissue,  the  measurement 
thus  obtained,  with  a  little  allowance  for  grinding  in  adaptation, 
is  the  length  of  the  desired  crown.  With  the  dividers  in  hand,  the 
stock  of  crowns  at  hand  may  be  quickly  run  over  and  all  right 
centrals  of  approximately  the  proper  length  be  placed  on  one  side. 

312 


This  immediately  narrows  selection  to  those  crowns  of  approxi- 
mately the  proper  lengths.  The  width  of  the  space  to  be  filled 
may  be  gotten  with  the  dividers  by  measuring  from  the  mesial  side 
of  the  upper  left  central  to  the  mesial  side  of  the  upper  right  lateral. 


Measuring  width  space  to  be  filled. 


By  the  application  of  the  dividers  to  the  crowns  laid  out  as  being 
of  the  right  length,  those  of  the  correct  width  may  be  selected. 
This  still  further  narrows  the  selection  and  always  with  an  eye 
to  greater  accuracy.     By  the  use  of  the  dividers,  the  mesio-distal 


Lingual  surface  of  biscuited  crown 
showing  location  of  mould 
number 


and  linguo-labial  diameters  of  the  root  may  be  obtained  and  a 
final  selection  of  crowns  made  on  the  basis  of  proper  root  dimen- 
sions. From  any  considerable  stock  of  crowns,  there  will  usually 
remain  several,  any  of  which  may  be  adapted  to  meet  the  mechani- 


313 


cal  requirements  of  the  case.  Choice  among  these  naturally  falls 
on  the  one  which  most  nearly  meets  the  artistic  requirements.  If 
the  desired  mould  is  at  hand,  but  not  in  the  desired  shade,  the 
mould  number  may  be  seen  faintly  embossed  on  the  lingual  surface 
of  a  Twentieth  Century  or  Dentsply  Crown. 

The  mould  and  shade  numbers,  when  sent  to  the  dental  depot, 
will  bring  exact  results.  The  combination  of  the  crown  stock  and 
dividers  usually  yields  pleasing  results  with  a  minimum  expenditure 
of  time. 

For  dentists  who  are  not  willing  to  keep  crowns  at  hand  for 
selection  in  the  mouth,  the  use  of  the  dividers,  in  connection  with 
the  Twentieth  Century  Mould  Book,  will  afford  considerable  aid 
in  selection. 


With  the  dividers,  measure  the  left  central  from  beneath  the 
free  margin  of  the  gum  to  the  cutting  edge,  lay  the  dividers,  open 
at  this  distance,  on  a  Twentieth  Century  Millimeter  Measure  and 
note  the  length  of  the  desired  crown  in  millimeters. 

With  the  dividers,  measure  the  width  of  the  space  the  crown  is 
to  fill;  this  is  equal  to  the  width  of  the  desired  crown.  Note  it 
in  millimeters  also.  The  mesio-distal  and  linguo-labial  diameters 
of  the  root  which  the  crown  is  to  fit  may  be  obtained  in  millimeters 
in  the  same  way.  In  other  pages  of  this  book  Twentieth  Century 
and  Dentsply  Crowns  will  be  found  tabulated  according  to  length 
and  width  in  millimeters.  These  measurements  correspond  in 
character  with  the  measurements  just  taken.  The  distinguishing 
characteristics  of  each  mould  of  crowns  can  be  ascertained  by 
reference  to  the  illustrations  and  two  or  three  of  the  most  desirable 


314 


moulds  may  be  specified  by  number  to  the  dealer.  When  these  are 
received  for  selection  it  will  doubtless  be  found  that  one  or  more 
of  them  can  be  easily  adapted  to  meet  the  requirements. 

Form. 

This  includes  Outline,  Shape  of  the  Lingual  Surface  and  bulge 
of  the  labial  surface.  The  outline  of  a  crown  is  formed  by  the 
neck,  the  cutting  edge,  and  the  approximal  surfaces.  It  varies 
greatly  in  crowns  of  the  same  length  and  width.  Illustrations  of 
this  variation  may  be  seen  in  moulds  15,  21  and  28. 


MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10  mm.  Width,  7^  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8^  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  Q]4  mm.  Length  of  central,  11  mm.  Width  of 
central,   7%   mm. 


MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10  mm.  Width,  7%  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm.  Length  of  central,  11  mm.  Width  of  cen- 
tral, 7  mm. 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10  mm.  Length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.  Width, 
8  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
neck,   7   mm. 

The  centrals  of  these  three  moulds  of  crowns  are  of  the  same 
length  and  within  about  ^  of  a  millimeter  (3/100  of  an  inch) 
of  the  same  width.  The  greatest  variation  between  them  in  neck 
diameters  does  not  exceed  i  millimeter.  Yet  they  differ  so  in  out- 
line that  if  one  of  these  moulds  harmonizes  with  the  outlines  of 

315 


the  remaining  natural  teeth,  the  other  moulds  would  be  undesirable, 
from  an  artistic  standpoint. 

The  outline  of  a  crown  should  receive  careful  attention  from 
the  dentist  who  wishes  to  select  crowns  well. 

The  Shape  of  the  Lingual  Surface. 

From  an  operative  point  of  view,  this  is  a  matter  of  great 
importance.  The  lingual  surfaces  of  a  crown  should  not  be  so 
hollowed  as  to  weaken  it,  nor  so  bulky  that  it  strikes  when  the 
teeth  are  closed  in  occlusion  or  are  moved  laterally  in  articulation. 
The  avoidance  of  striking  during  these  relations  will  be  greatly 
influenced  by  the  shape  of  the  lingual  surface,  as  will  be  seen  by 
a  study  of  the  illustrations  of  Moulds  Nos.  1 1  and  26. 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
S%  mm.  Width,  8  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm. 


MOULD  26.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8  mm.  Width,  7;^  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  654  mm. 

These  crowns  are  within  less  than  a  millimeter  of  the  same 
length  and  width.  The  greatest  variation  in  the  neck  diameters  is 
a  millimeter,  (1/25  of  an  inch).  In  the  linguo-labial  diameter, 
which  might  be  thought  to  most  affect  the  shape  of  the  lingual 
surface,  they  are  precisely  the  same. 

In  mould  1 1  the  lingual  surface  of  the  crown  is  so  hollowed 
as  to  afford  easy  clearance  for  the  edges  of  the  lower  Incisors 
in  a  close  underbite,  while  in  mould  23  the  lingual  surface  is  so 
little  hollowed,  that  in  close  underbite  cases  the  crown  could  be 
made  suitable  only  by  considerable  grinding.  In  other  words,  the 
centrals  from  mould  1 1  are  indicated  in  cases  of  close  underbite, 

316 


while  mould  26  requires  a  case  with  a  little  or  free  underbite.  In 
selecting  a  crown,  consideration  of  this  point  will  often  save  trouble 
for  both  dentist  and  patient. 

It  must  not  be  understood  that  deeply  hollowed  lingual  sur- 
faces are  always  desirable.  In  some  cases  the  underbite  is  such 
that  the  shape  of  the  lingual  surface  of  the  upper  crown  makes  no 
difference.  Sometimes  the  maximum  strength  possible  to  a  crown 
is  necessary;  in  such  cases  the  less  the  lingual  surface  is  hollowed, 
the  better.  By  observing  closely  the  requirements  of  the  case,  the 
dentist  may  select  the  crown  which  will  yield  the  most  satisfactory 
results  with  least  labor  by  him. 

Bulge  of  the  Labial  Surface. 
By  "bulge"  is  meant  the  rounding  out  of  a  surface 

In  the  selection  of  a  single  crown,  the  operator  will  be  guided 
as  to  the  amount  of  bulge  which  the  labial  surface  of  the  crown 
is  to  exhibit,  by  the  bulge  exhibited  by  the  surfaces  of  the  remain- 
ing natural  teeth.  This  detail  should  not  be  overlooked.  If  the 
natural  teeth  show  but  little  bulge,  and  a  crown  be  ordered  which 
exhibits  a  greater  bulge,  it  is  difficult  to  set  the  labial  surface  of 
the  crown  back  into  line  with  the  labial  surfaces  of  the  natural 
teeth.  If  this  surface  be  allowed  to  project,  it  marks  the  crown 
for  immediate  notice. 

Bulge  in  the  cervical  third  of  the  labial  surface  of  a  cuspid 
crown  is  often  of  great  esthetic  value.  It  aids  in  restoring  char- 
acter to  the  denture,  removes  the  flat  appearance  which  would 
result  from  its  absence  and  gives  character  to  the  corner  of  the 
upper  lip. 

If  the  crown  is  selected  by  the  dentist  in  the  presence  of  the 
patient,  he  will  be  able  to  note  quickly  whether  the  labial  surface 
conforms,  in  general,  to  the  labial  surfaces  of  the  teeth.  If  the 
crown  is  to  be  ordered  from  the  depot,  trouble  from  failure  at 
this  point  may  occur,  since  the  tooth  clerk  cannot  be  expected  to 
catch  so  well  the  characteristics  of  the  natural  teeth.  When  order- 
ing crowns  by  mould  number,  the  outline  cut  of  the  several  moulds 
should  be  examined  in  this  particular  as  well  as  in  the  shape  of 
the  lingual  surface. 

When  occasion  arises  for  a  dentist  to  set  several  porcelain 
crowns  in  one  mouth,  as  when  the  four  upper  incisors  are  restored 

317 


at  one  time  in  this  manner,  he  will  not  have  the  clear  guidance  of 
the  natural  teeth  to  determine  the  amount  of  bulge  permissible 
in  the  labial  surface  of  the  crowns.  He  may  be  then  governed 
by  the  general  rule  that  the  more  bulging  labial  surfaces  are  more 
suitable  for  patients  with  plump  features;  and  that  in  proportion 
as  the  features  exhibit  flat  curves,  so  the  labial  surface  of  the  crown 
should  be  flat. 

The  difference  in  bulge  of  the  labial  surface  between  two  crown 
moulds  of  the  same  general  dimensions,  can  be  best  seen  by  com- 
paring illustrations  of  moulds  Nos,  25  and  32,  which  are  of 
nearly  the  same  size.  In  mould  25  the  bulge  of  the  labial  surface 
throws  the  cutting  edge  of  the  crown  much  further  lingually  than 
in  mould  32.  These  moulds  also  furnish  additional  illustrations 
of  differences  in  formation  of  the  lingual  surfaces  in  crowns  of 
the  same  size,  as  mentioned  before. 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
105^  mm.  Width,  954  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm. 


32 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  Vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
11  mm.  Width,  10^  mm.  Linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.  Mesio- 
distal  diameter  at  neck,  75^  mm. 

Such  careful  selection  of  crowns  may  seem  to  demand  more 
trouble  than  the  fee  usually  received  for  a  porcelain  crown 
justifies.  That  may  be  during  the  first  few  selections  made  in  this 
way,  but  with  a  little  practice,  such  selection  becomes  very  rapid. 
The  characteristics  of  outline,  formation  of  lingual  surface  and 
bulge  may  be  determined  at  a  glance,  all  in  a  fraction  of  a  minute. 
The  size  may  be  very  quickly  determined  also  if  a  stock  is  carried 
as  suggested  here. 

318 


The  selection  of  a  crown,  in  all  respects  save  perhaps  the  finer 
gradations  of  shade,  should  be  completed  in  5  minutes  or  less. 
Such  selection  may  be  most  satisfactorily  made  from  Twentieth 
Century  or  Dentsply  Crowns  because  they  are  offered  in  many 
more  moulds  than  other  porcelain  crowns,  and  in  more  natural 
shades. 

It  should  be  remembered  also  that  the  most  satisfactory  basis 
for  asking  a  suitable  fee  for  crown  work  is  the  exhibition  of  un- 
usual skill  in  this  field.  Such  skill  can  be  made  to  bring  the  fee 
and  many  favorable  comments. 


319 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

Color  and  Shade. 

Selecting  the  Color  and  Shade.  The  Standard  Dictionary 
defines  color  and  shade  as  follows:  "Color.  Any  of  the  hues 
observed  in  the  rainbow  or  spectrum,  or  one  of  the  tints  produced 
by  blending  these  hues.  Shade.  A  gradation  of  color  in  respect 
to  luminosity;  as  a  dark  shade  of  blue". 

No  artistic  consideration  in  crown  selection  is  more  important 
than  that  of  color  and  shade.  Following  the  definition  given 
above  we  may  regard  color  as  coming  first.  That  determines 
whether  the  crown  shall  be  yellow,  gray,  blue,  green  or  brown, 
or  some  mixture  of  two  or  more  of  these.  The  next  step  is  to 
determine  whether  it  shall  be  a  light  or  dark  shade  of  the  selected 
color. 

It  will  be  wise  to  use  a  shade  guide  of  the  same  make  as  the 
crown.  This  avoids  many  chances  for  confusion  and  error.  Thus 
the  dentist  who  intends  to  set  a  Twentieth  Century  or  Dentsply 
Crown  will  get  uniformly  better  results  by  using  a  Twentieth  Cent- 
ury Shade  Guide,  than  by  using  one  of  some  other  make  and  at- 
tempting to  match  the  colors. 

It  is  believed  that  the  shades  in  the  Twentieth  Century  Shade 
Guide  permit  better  selection  than  those  of  any  other  guide.  They 
are  the  result  of  nearly  30  years  of  study  and  experimentation 
in  the  shading  of  artificial  teeth  and  crowns  to  match  the  natural 
teeth.  This  shade  guide  was  introduced  only  about  10  years  ago, 
yet  it  is  believed  to  be  the  most  extensively  used  shade  guide  to- 
day. Dentists  who  use  this  guide  will  probably  find  selection 
easier  and  more  accurate  than  with  other  guides. 

When  selecting  the  color  for  a  porcelain  crown,  the  patient 
should  be  seated  in  a  good  but  not  brilliant  light.  Direct  light 
should  be  excluded. 

320 


Decide  first  what  Is  the  dominant  color  in  the  natural  teeth. 
This  is  sometimes  difficult,  especially  in  the  centrals  and  laterals, 
where  the  colors  are  lightest  and  the  blendings  of  the  various 
colors  in  the  tooth  are  softest.  The  dominant  color  is  often  more 
pronounced  in  the  cuspids  and  the  dentist  may  be  materially  helped 
by  using  these  teeth  as  general  color  guides. 

In  very  translucent  natural  teeth,  the  dentist  will  often  be 
bothered  by  the  light  shades,  the  slight  variations  and  the  very 
soft  blendings.  These  conditions  are  especially  marked  in  people 
of  the  so-called  "nervous  temperament".  Centrals  of  this  type 
often  exhibit  a  soft  yellow  neck  and  a  gray  or  blue  tip.  These 
changes  are  probably  due  to  the  fact  that  the  dentine  is  thick  and 
the  enamel  thin  at  the  neck,  the  dentine  thinner  and  the  enamel 
thicker  at  themiddle  third,  and  the  dentine  nearly  or  wholly  absent 
in  the  incisal  third,  leaving  only  the  enamel  plates  to  give  color  in 
that  portion  of  the  tooth.  For  such  cases  the  only  hope  of  suc- 
cessful selection  by  the  dentist  is  the  use  of  the  shade  guide  having 
teeth  made  of  the  most  translucent  porcelain  and  where  the  value 
of  the  underlying  dentine  colors  has  been  fully  appreciated  and  care- 
fully perfected.  Such  a  shade  guide,  with  a  clear  understanding  of 
the  characteristics  of  its  various  shades,  as  given  below,  will  materi- 
ally aid  in  successful  selection  for  even  these  difficult  cases. 

In  those  cases  where  it  is  difficult  to  determine  the  dominant 
color  of  the  natural  teeth,  the  following  plan  may  help.  Let  the 
dentist  stand  back  a  little  distance  and  view  the  patient  with  his 
eyes  nearly  closed,  looking  through  his  eyelashes.  When  this  has 
been  done,  the  various  colors  in  the  face  often  seem  to  blend  into 
one  general  tone  or  color,  such  as  pink  or  brown  or  yellow  or  gray. 
If  the  dentist  can  decide  what  this  color  is,  it  will  often  serve  as 
a  guide  to  the  dominant  color  in  the  teeth  and  the  shades  of  that 
color  will  be  found  to  harmonize  with  the  natural  teeth. 

Having  decided  upon  the  dominant  color,  it  will  be  well  to 
isolate,  for  trying  in,  the  various  shades  of  that  color  as  exhibited 
in  the  shade  guide. 

The  colors  in  the  Twentieth  Century  Shade  Guide  are  yellows, 
blues,  gray  and  browns,  greens  and  combinations  of  these. 

321 


No.  SHADES. 

1.  Lightest  shade  in  use.     No  coloring.     Basis  of  other  shades. 

2.  Trace   of  purple. 

3.  Trace  of  blue,  and  a  mere  trace  of  yellow.     Lightest  blue. 

4.  Trace   of  yellow.     Lightest  yellow. 

5.  Trifle  of  gray  and  trace  of  yellow.  Point  same  as  No.  4.     Neck  darker. 

6.  Same  as  No.  4,  with  a  little  'gray  in  the  tip.     Neck  not  so  bright  a  yel- 

low as  No.  5.     Lightest  gray. 

7.  Light   yellow.     Darker   than   No.    5,   with   color    decidedly    stronger    in 

neck. 

8.  Light  yellow.     Point  darker  than   No.   5   or   No.   7.     Neck  lighter    than 

No.  7  and   makes  tooth  look  a  straw  color.     More  uniform  than  No. 
7.     Yellow  is  the  only  color  present. 

9.  A  little  yellow,  a  little   gray,  a  little  pink.     Light  brown  yellow    neck. 

Tip  pink  gray,  follows  No.  11. 

10.  Gray.     Lighter  than  No.   9  and  slightly  darker  than  No.  6. 

11.  Uniform   gray   throughout.     Neck   grayish  yellow  slightly    darker    than 

10,  which   it  follows. 

12.  Grayish  blue.     Follows  No.  3  in  the  real  blues.     No.  3  and  this  are  the 

only  blues  we  have  and  they  are  not  decided  in  character. 

13.  Grayish  blue.     Follows  No.  9. 

14.  Yellowish    gray.     Gray   yellow  neck.     Follows   No.    13. 

15.  Pinkish  gray.     Decidedly  darker  and  shows  more  pink  than  No.  9.  The 

other  grays  are  bluish  grays.     This  follows   No.  14. 

16.  Yellow.     Follows   No.   8. 

17.  Greenish  yellow.     Green  tip  and  yellow  neck. 

18.  Dark  yellowish  gray.    Follows  No.  14. 

19.  Dark  greenish  yellow.     Follows  No.  17. 

20.  Brownish  yellow.     Follows   No.    16. 

21.  Dark  ,brown  yellow.     Follows  No.  20,  which  it  is  like,  only   darker. 

22.  Dark  gray.     Follows  No.  18. 

23.  Darkest  brown   yellow.     Follows    No.   21. 

24.  Dark  grayish  brown.     Follows  No.  22. 

25.  Dark  yellowish  brown.     Follows   No.   23. 

LIGHT  SHADES.  BLUE  GRAY  YELLOW 

1-2  3-12  6-10-11-9-13-14-15  4-5-7-81617-19-21- 

18-22-24  20-23-25 

If  it  is  decided  that  the  prevailing  color  in  the  teeth  is  yellow, 
the  several  shade  guide  teeth  exhibiting  different  shades  of  this 
color  should  be  isolated  for  purposes  of  trying  in  the  mouth. 

Some  very  skillful  dentists  prefer  to  begin  with  the  darkest 
shade,  working  from  darkest  to  light.  They  believe  that  in  this 
way  they  are  less  likely  to  select  a  crown  which  either  is  or  will 

322 


in  the  course  of  a  few  years  be  too  light  for  the  remaining  teeth. 
That  means  that  in  the  yellows  they  use  the  shades  in  the  follow- 
ing order:   25-23-20-21-19-17-16-8-7-5-4. 

The  manner  of  trying  in  the  shade  guide  teeth  will  affect  the 
results.  The  natural  teeth  should  be  kept  moist  with  saliva  in  the 
usual  way,  and  the  lip  withdrawn  from  them  only  during  the  time 
that  the  sample  tooth  is  under  actual  observation.  Between  tryings 
in  of  two  shade  guide  teeth,  the  lips  should  be  allowed  to  close. 
If  the  lip  be  withdrawn  so  that  the  natural  teeth  are  dry  for  even 
a  few  moments,  their  colors  will  materially  change,  becoming 
lighter  as  they  dry.  A  crown  selected  when  the  natural  teeth  are 
dry  is  not  likely  to  prove  satisfactory  when  exhibited  beside  moist 
teeth.  It  is  only  when  the  natural  teeth  and  the  sample  teeth  are 
both  moist  that  satisfactory  matching  of  shades  can  be  accom- 
plished. 

All  shade  teeth,  save  the  one  being  tried  in,  should  be  con- 
cealed from  sight,  lest  they  confuse  the  eye. 

The  sample  tooth  which  is  in  position  in  the  mouth  should  be 
left  there  long  enough  for  its  color  to  be  appreciated  by  the 
dentist.  By  this  means,  shades  which  seem  at  first  glance  not  to 
match  will  later  be  found  to,  while  other  shades  which  at  first 
appeared  to  be  excellent  matches,  will  be  found  quite  unsatisfactory. 
This  is  especially  true  when  one  comes  to  the  finer  stages  of 
selection,  as  between  two  or  more  shades,  each  of  which  seems 
nearly  right. 

The  habit  of  holding  the  shade  guide  tooth  in  place  long  enough 
to  study  it  a  little  will  be  especially  helpful  to  dentists  whose 
judgment  of  colors  is  not  keen.  By  this  means  a  dentist  who  feels 
himself  weak  in  this  respect  may  become  quite  skillful. 

It  is  often  difficult  to  decide  when  a  sample  tooth  really  matches 
the  natural  teeth.  It  may  be  found  helpful  at  this  stage  to  hold 
the  sample  tooth  in  position  and  slightly  narrow  the  eye,  fixing 
the  gaze  upon  the  tooth  exclusively.  It  can  sometimes  be  told 
in  this  manner  whether  a  crown  of  the  same  shade  as  the  sample 
tooth  would  appear  harmonious  as  a  member  of  that  set.  Another 
useful  method  is  to  lay  the  tip  of  the  sample  tooth  on  the  tips  of 

323 


the  natural  teeth  adjoining,  and  see  if  one  can  tell,  from  a  little 
distance,  where  one  tooth  begins  and  the  other  ends. 

When  a  lateral  is  being  selected,  it  will  be  well  to  be  guided 
largely  by  the  color  in  the  adjoining  cuspid  rather  than  in  the 
centrals,  since  the  cuspid  probably  exhibits  more  strongly  the 
color  which  the  teeth  will  take  on  with  the  passing  of  years.  Care 
should  be  taken  never  to  select  a  crown  in  the  least  degree  lighter 
than  the  remaining  natural  teeth,  and  the  result  will  usually  be 
better  if  the  dentist  select  one  a  shade  darker. 

In  shade  selection  and  securing  the  best  general  artistic  effect, 
no  other  method  will  be  found  equal  to  having  on  hand  an  adequate 
supply  of  crowns  which  can  be  tried  directly  into  the  mouth. 
Nothing  else  will  so  confirm  to  the  dentist  the  final  fitness  of  any 
crown,  as  the  ability  to  see  a  number  of  crowns  in  place  before 
selecting  one,  and  to  have  a  chance  to  choose  that  which  is  best 
among  many.  The  selection  of  a  shade  number,  and  of  a  crown 
in  the  absence  of  the  patient  by  means  of  that  number,  leaves  a 
gap  in  intelligent  selection  which  can  be  bridged  in  no  other  man- 
ner so  well  as  by  having  a  large  number  of  crowns  on  hand  to  try 
directly  into  the  patient's  mouth. 

Crown  Post  Facts. 

Many  of  the  older  dentists  who  have  been  trained  to  the  idea 
that  platinum  is  the  only  metal  which  should  be  admitted  to  the 
mouth  as  part  of  a  tooth,  have  looked  on  the  use  of  composition 
crown  posts  vv^ith  questioning  eyes.  But  this  attitude  of  mind  is  pass- 
ing. Investigations  have  shown  that  baked-in  platinum  posts  are 
sources  of  weakness  rather  than  strength.  The  clinical  experience 
of  many  years  has  shown  also  that  crowns  with  platinum  posts  are 
frequently  forced  from  the  roots  by  the  contact  of  the  opposing 
teeth.  Here  then  are  manufacturing  and  clinical  failures  charged 
up  to  platinum  crown  posts  in  an  unforgettable  manner.  For  no 
dentist  who,  with  confidence,  saw  his  patient  leave  the  office  with 
a  platinum  post  crown  in  position  only  to  return  in  30  or  60  days 
with  the  post  bent,  the  crown  out  of  alignment  and  the  root  open 
to  the  agents  of  infection,  necessitating  re-treatment,  is  likely  to 
forget  the  trouble  it  caused  him  or  the  difficulty  he  had  in  making 
to  the  patient  excuses  which  satisfied  his  own  conscience. 

324 


Any  thoughtful  dentist  who  wishes  to  investigate  for  himself, 
in  a  way  he  may  not  have  thought  of,  the  strength  with  which  dif- 
ferent crown  posts  resist  the  force  of  the  opposing  teeth,  has  only 
to  take  a  platinum  post  crown  in  one  hand  and  zvith  the  fingers  of 
the  other  hand,  unaided  by  tools  of  any  sort,  bend  the  post  almost 
at  will.  If  he  then  makes  an  effort  to  bend  a  Twentieth  Century 
or  Dentsply  crown  post  in  the  same  manner,  he  will  get  a  clear 
understanding  of  the  different  resisting  powers  of  the  two  kinds 
of  post,  the  Twentieth  Century  and  the  platinum.  When  he  men- 
tally transfers  these  quite  different  powers  to  the  mouth,  he  will 
appreciate  the  relative  values  of  these  different  posts  under  the 
thousands  of  impacts  to  which  a  crown  is  subjected. 

A  crown  post  must,  however,  be  capable  of  much  more  than 
resisting  the  force  of  mastication  and  the  action  of  the  oral  fluids. 
It  must  be  possible  to  bend  It  as  much  as  may  be  necessary  for  the 
adaptation  of  the  crown  in  the  most  difficult  cases.  And  It  must  sus- 
tain such  bending,  without  breaking  or  even 
weakening.  It  Is  not  difficult  to  make  a 
crown  post  metal  which  will  resist  any 
stress  which  It  Is  likely  to  receive.  It  is 
not  especially  difficult  to  make  one  which  Is 
resistant  to  the  action  of  the  oral  fluids. 
But  to  make  one  that  is  resistant  to  stress 
and  the  oral  fluids  and  yet  Is  capable  of 
such  adaptation  as  must  occur,  Is  an  art 
indeed. 

For  that  crown  post  has  little  value 
which  cannot  be  adapted.  Not  all  roots 
occupy  their  proper  positions  in  the  arch; 
not  all  natural  tooth  crowns  take  their 
proper  alignment.  Yet  when  the  dentist 
restores  the  crown  to  an  improperly  placed 
root,  or  puts  a  porcelain  crown  In  place  of  a  natural  tooth  crown  which 
was  malposed,  he  desires  to  make  the  alignment  as  perfect  as  possible ; 
and  this  often  calls  for  considerable  bending  of  the  crown  post.  Such 
bending  of  a  platinum  crown  post  is  easy,  but,  alas,  it  is  undone 
almost  as  easily,  and  sometimes  nearly  as  quickly,  as  it  was  accom- 
plished. 


325 


Any   required  adaptation  of  a  Twentieth  Century  or  Dentsply 
crown  post  may  be  made  with  the  assurance  that  the  bending   will 

not  weaken  the  post,  and  that  when 
the  proper  bend  is  given  it,  the  forces 
of  mastication  will  have  no  effect  upon 
it.  The  post  will  stay  as  it  is  put. 
A  most  interesting  illustration  of  the 
superior  merit  of  Twentieth  Century 
and  Dentsply  crown  posts  may  be 
obtained  by  taking  one  of  these  and 
one  of  each  of  the  other  leading  makes 
of  composition  crown  posts  and  submit- 
ting them  to  extensive  bending,  as  for 
an  extreme  case  of  adaptation.  The 
Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  posts 
will  be  found  capable  of  much  more 
extended  adaptation  before  showing 
signs  of  fracture,  than  other  composition 
crown  posts.  This  is  merely  one  sign 
of  superior  merit. 


The 

bent 

post 

a.pplies 

all  strain 

&.t  mesieiLl 

margin  of  canal 


'.  Weak  diameter 

♦of  root,  likely  to 

split  under 

strain  from 

bent  post  ••• 


Many  dentists  who  are  quite  satis- 
fied as  to  the  superior  resisting  power 
of  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply 
crown  posts,  may  have  doubts  as  to 
the  durability  of  these  crown  posts  in 
the  mouth.  There  has  been  so  much 
talk  of  corrosion  lately  by  those  whose 
interests  led  them  to  make  a  strong  point  of  it,  that  the  careful 
dentist  wishes  to  be  intelligently  assured  before  he  ventures. 

There  are  two  answers  as  to  the  durability  of  the  composition 
crown  posts  in  the  mouth.  The  first  is  that  Twentieth  Century  and 
Dentsply  crowns  have  been  in  very  extensive  use  for  some  years. 
Hundreds  of  thousands  of  them  have  been  set  long  enough  for  the 
failures  to  appear,  yet  practically  none  are  reported.  There  is  an 
almost  utter  lack  of  complaints  from  these  crowns  on  any  score, 
a  most  surprising  thing  when  it  is  remembered  that  so  many  of 
them  are  in  use  and  that  they  have  been  set  in  all  kinds  of  mouths 
by  dentists  of  every  conceivable  degree  of  skill.     To  the  best  of  our 


526 


knowledge  and  belief,  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  crown 
posts  are  more  stable  in  the  mouth  than  any  other  form  of  crown 
post. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  the  post  of  a  well  set  crown  is 
not  reached  by  the  oral  fluids.  For  some  years  past  the  more 
careful  crown  workers  have  been  getting  practically  fluid  tight 
joints  between  crown  and  root,  either  by  the  use  of  cement  or  of 
some  material  capable  of  practically  perfect  adaptation,  such  as 
gutta  percha.  Even  in  those  cases  where  the  fluids  get  to  the  post, 
as  they  must  have  in  many  thousands  of  the  Twentieth  Century 
and  Dentsply  now  in  use,  no  evil  effects  are  reported.  It  is  believed 
that  the  fluids  do  not  affect  these  posts. 

In  cases  where  bicuspid  roots  are  crowned  with  porcelain,  the 
matter  of  adaptation  of  the  crown  post  becomes  of  first  importance. 
Especially  in  the  first  bicuspids,  the  root  canal  openings  are  often 
not  In  the  same  position  as  the  post  which  issues  from  the  crown. 
Often  enough  first  bicuspid  roots  have  two  canals,  and  it  is  essential 
to  the  stability  of  the  crown  that  a  post  enter  each  canal.  Any 
dentist  who  has  tried  to  split  a  crown  so  that  a  part  of  it  might 
enter  each  of  these  canals  has  realized  the  usual  hopelessness  of 
such  a  task.  Not  only  are  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  bi- 
cuspid crown  posts  made  bifurcated,  but  the  halves  may  be  safely 
bent  to  the  required  adaptation  without  weakening  the  other  half. 
Here  the  bending  qualities  are  very  important.  Here  they  make 
possible  for  the  dentist  such  adaptation  as  Is  otherwise  very  diffi- 
cult. The  same  post  may  be  used  for  second  bicuspid  roots  by 
merely  leaving  the  post  as  it  comes. 

Shape  of  Crov^n  Posts. 

While  the  ability  of  a  crown  post  to  resist  stress  is  a  most 
important  element  of  durability,  the  shape  and  size  of  the  post 
Is  of  Immediate  Importance  to  the  dentist  at  the  time  of  setting. 
For  the  danger  to  the  root  arises  Indirectly  from  these.  Most 
dentists  can  treat  roots  successfully  and  can  with  equal  success  fill 
that  portion  lying  beyond  the  apical  end  of  the  post.  But  many  a 
dentist  ruins  the  root  on  which  he  sets  the  crown,  by  not  under- 
standing the  mechanics  of  crown  posts  as  related  to  the  size  of  the 
root. 

;!27 


It  is  evident  that  after  the  root  is  prepared  for  the  crown,  there 
must  be  enough  root  tissue  left  to  support  the  crown  in  the  work 
to  which  it  will  be  subjected.  In  other  words,  the  root  must  not  be 
so  reamed  as  to  weaken  it. 

It  is  equally  obvious  that  the  course  of  that  root,  whether  it  is 
straight  or  crooked,  is  largely  unknown  to  the  operator,  once  it 
disappears  from  his  sight  into  the  tissues  of  the  gum.  Nor  is 
there  any  form  of  instrumentation  generally  known  by  which  he 
may  map  out  its  course  in  such  way  as  to  offer  him  any  safe  guid- 
ance in  reaming.  There  is  but  one  safe  course;  it  is  to  regard 
every  root  as  offering  unknown  dangers  if  extensively  reamed,  and 
to  perform  the  minimum  amount  of  reaming  on  every  root.  Only 
in  this  way  can  frequent  perforation  of  roots  be  avoided.  Obser- 
vations in  practice  show  that  root  perforation  in  crown  setting 
is  unnecessarily  common. 

The  amount  of  reaming  necessary  in  any  root  is  almost  di- 
rectly dependent  on  the  size  and  shape  of  the  crown  post  which  is 
to  enter  it.  If  it  were  not  necessary  to  make  room  for  the  post, 
no  reaming  would  be  necessary,  and  obviously  the  larger  the  crown 
post  or  the  less  it  is  shaped  like  the  root  canal,  the  greater  must  be 
the  amount  of  reaming.  It  is  therefore  a  matter  of  no  small  im- 
portance to  make  sure  that  the  crown  post  is  of  such  shape  as  will 
require  the  least  reaming  of  the  root  tissues.  Much  light  will  be 
thrown  on  this  subject  by  a  short  study  of  roots,  root  canals  and  the 
various  shapes  of  posts  offered  for  use  therein. 

Of  all  the  anterior  teeth,  probably  the  upper  lateral  is  most 
often  crowned  with  porcelain.  Moreover  its  root  offers  more 
dangers  to  the  crown  worker  than  the  root  of  any  other  of  the  six 
anterior  teeth  except  occasionally  the  cuspids.  It  will  therefore 
be  directly  to  the  point  to  study  the  roots  of  laterals  with  relation 
to  crowning. 

The  root  of  a  lateral,  at  the  level  of  the  gum  line,  usually 
presents,  in  cross  section,  an  irregular  oval.  It  is  much  nar- 
rower mesio-distally  than  the  root  of  the  central.  It  often  presents 
mesio-distal  constrictions  which  should  be  the  subjects  of  most 
careful  consideration  by  the  dentist.  The  root  canal  follows 
the  outline  of  the  outside  of  the  root,  and  in  many  cases  is  very 
narrow  in  the  mesio-distal  diameter. 

328 


It  is  a  common  characteristic  of  lateral  roots  that  these  mesio- 
distal  constrictions  increase  in  depth  as  they  proceed  apically. 
The  result  is  that  in  the  middle  third  of  the  root  the  tissue  on  the 
mesial  and  distal  sides  of  the  canal  is  often  very  thin. 

It  is  probably  more  commonly  true  of  lateral  roots  than  of 
any  others,  that  they  curve  distally  as  they  proceed  apically. 
This  curve  is  apt  to  occur  at  the  junction  of  the  middle  and  apical 
thirds  of  the  root.  Sometimes  it  can  be  detected  in  a  root  by  care- 
ful instrumentation. 

It  is  at  once  apparent  that  in  a  root  presenting  characteristic 
mesio-distal  constrictions  and  with  the  chances  favoring  a  bend 
in  the  root,  the  least  possible  amount  of  reaming  for  a  crown  post, 
consistent  with  proper  placing,  should  be  done.  Not  only  is  the 
amount  of  root  tissue  on  either  side  of  the  canal  so  small  that  the 
removal  of  any  of  it  may  weaken  the  root  and  render  it  more  liable 
to  split  under  the  strain  of  mastication,  but  the  amount  of  tissue 
is  so  small  and  the  danger  of  the  increasing  mesio-distal  con- 
strictions so  great,  that  there  is  always  a  possibility  of  perforating 
the  root  in  the  effort  to  make  room  for  the  crown  post. 


329 


Sections  of  natural  upper  cuspids.  Each  tooth  was  photographed,  then  sawed  at  the  pencil 
marks  and  photographed  again.  A  Twentieth  Century  Crown  Post  was  sawed  at  the  same 
levels  and  shows  as  white  spots  at  the  right  of  each  tooth  section. 

330 


This  illustration  shows  upper  centrals  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  the  cuspids 

on  preceding  page. 

331 


Upper  laterals  treated  same  as  on  preceding  pages. 


332 


Upper  laterals  treated  same  as  on  preceding-  pages. 


383 


Upper  cuspids  treated  in  the  same  manner  as  on  preceding  pages. 


834 


CHAPTER  XIX. 

The  Economics  of  Crown  Selections. 

Every  man  who  makes  a  financial  success,  makes  it  a  business 
to  find  out  what  it  costs  to  perform  the  operations  common  to  his 
Hne  of  work,  and  to  study  with  care  the  possibilities  of  performing 
the  operation  in  a  satisfactory  manner  at  the  lowest  possible  cost. 
He  recognizes  that  his  profits  result  largely  from  small  economies 
oft  repeated. 

Study  of  this  sort  by  dentists  is  thought  to  be  a  new  thing,  but 
such  is  really  not  the  case.  It  has  existed  for  years  in  large  dental 
offices,  some  of  which  employ  numerous  operators  and  are  man- 
aged by  business  men  who  may  or  may  not  be  dentists.  These 
managers  have  adopted  the  same  form  of  study  as  the  successful 
business  man  in  other  lines.  They  have,  to  use  their  own  phrase, 
"cut  the  costs  of  doing  business".  The  economics  practised  in 
these  large  offices  are  sources  of  no  small  part  of  the  profits,  so 
that  one  of  them  could  live  right  along  side  of  the  average  dentist, 
do  the  same  work  for  the  same  price  and  make  a  handsome  profit 
out  of  the  economies  which  it  practises  and  he  neglects.  When 
the  average  dentist  adopts  the  habit  of  "cutting  the  cost  of  doing 
business",  not  by  lowering  the  quality  of  the  materials  used  or  of 
the  service  rendered,  but  merely  by  stopping  leaks  which  benefit 
no  one,  his,  profits  will  be  Increased. 

Few  dentists  have  ever  carefully  considered  the  possibilities  of 
"cutting  costs"  of  crown  selection. 

Take,  for  example,  a  condition  which  seems  to  offer  the  best 
possible  excuse  for  the  dentist  not  to  carry  any  stock  of  crowns  In 
his  own  office.  Dr.  X  practises  in"  the  City.  He  has  offices  In  a 
modern  building  and  on  the  floor  below  him  Is  located  a  dental 
depot  of  the  most  advanced  type,:  so  that  he  can  go  or  send  there 
and  receive  as  prompt  and  Intelligent  service  as  a  depot  should  be 
expected  to  render.  Let  only  one  thing  be  stated  as  essential  to 
good  crown  selection,  and  then  consider  what  shall  be  the  economi- 
cal course  for  him  to  pursue.  This  one  essential  Is  that  the  crown 
shall  be  selected  by  the  dentist  in  the  presence  of  the  patient.  In 
professional  words  that  selection  shall  be  made  "in  the  mouth". 

335 


This  requirement  is  not  arbitrary.  It  is  based  on  the  fact,  which 
should  be  self  evident,  that  Dr.  X  is  the  only  person  competent  to 
select  the  crown  and  that  he  is  best  able  to  do  so  "in  the  mouth". 
It  is  not  the  depot's  place  to  make  selections.  That  requires  many 
things  the  depot  cannot  supply.  It  is  the  depot's  proper  function  to 
fill  orders  according  to  specifications  sent  them. 

Mrs.  A.  presents  for  the  selection  of  a  porcelain  crown  for  an 
upper  right  central  root.  Dr.  X  follows  the  common  method  of 
taking  an  impression  of  the  root  and  adjoining  teeth,  pouring  a 
model  and  taking  it  to  the  dental  depot,  to  make  selection  of  the 
crown.  From  among  the  crowns  presented  to  him,  he  finally  se- 
lects three  or  six  and  with  them  returns  to  the  office  where  his 
patient  is  waiting  or  to  which  she  is  to  return.  Here  he  tries  the 
crowns  in  place.  It  will  be  the  exception  rather  than  the  rule,  if 
any  of  the  crowns  secured  in  this  manner  meet  the  requirements 
of  the  case  so  fully  as  to  conform  to  the  standard  set  in  the  opening 
sentence  of  this  book,  that  "a  porcelain  crown  should  be  nearly  in- 
distinguishable when  set",  a  standard  to  which  many  dentists  suc- 
cessfully work. 

It  will  probably  result  that  Dr.  X  "will  make  one  of  the  crowns 
do",  by  grinding  it  to  meet  the  requirements.  Putting  aside  the 
fact  that  the  quality  of  his  operation  is  likely  to  be  lowered  there- 
by, note  the  fact  that  his  method  of  procedure  has  been  the  most 
expensive  possible  to  him.  His  time  is  doubtless  worth  at  least 
four  dollars  per  hour  if  he  practises  in  a  modern  office  building 
in  the  city  large  enough  to  maintain  a  dental  depot.  If  he  has  been 
able  to  take  the  impression,  pour  the  model,  go  to  the  depot,  make 
the  selections  and  return  in  less  than  30  minutes,  it  has  probably 
been  the  exception  and  not  the  rule.  The  time  cost  to  him  for  the 
half  hour  thus  spent  is  two  dollars.  He  has  used  up,  unprofitably, 
time  which  should  have  produced  $2.00  and  his  revenues  are  that 
much  less  than  if  his  time  had  been  spent  operating.  It  is  the  gen- 
eral testimony  of  dentists  who  practise  this  method  that  crowns 
obtained  in  this  way  are  rarely  wholly  satisfactory  and  that  they 
are  often  compelled  to  make  extensive  adaptations  by  grinding. 
These  prolong  the  operation  beyond  the  time  required  to  adapt  a 
well  selected  crown. 

Some  dentists  use  their  lunch  hour  for  trips  to  the  dental  depot. 
This  is  an  apparent  rather  than  a  real  economy.     It  keeps  the 

336 


brain  active  along  its  accustomed  lines  when  it  should,  if  possible, 
rest. 

There  is  one  more  item  of  expense,  though  it  is  just  one  of 
those  which  the  individual  practitioner  considers  too  small  to 
merit  his  attention,  but  which  the  larger  user  of  dental  materials 
never  neglects.  It  is  that  the  dentist  who  purchases  one  at  a  time, 
pays  the  retail  price,  which  in  the  case  of  Twentieth  Century  and 
Dentsply  Crowns,  is  greater  than  the  quantity  price.  Even  if  he 
maintains  a  deposit  account  and  buys  crowns  a  few  at  a  time,  he 
pays  more  than  the  price  for  crowns  bought  lOO  at  a  time. 

The  total  cost  of  the  crown  to  Dr.  X  then,  is  at  least  one-half 
hour's  time,  worth  $2.00,  and  40  cents  for  the  crown.  Yet  Dr. 
X  who  has  never  analyzed  the  figures,  thinks  he  can  set  that  crown 
for  $5.00  or  $6.00,  pay  these  costs  and  the  proportionate  share 
of  his  other  office  costs  for  that  time,  and  have  a  good  fee  left  for 
his  services.  It  is  a  matter  of  simple  business  arithmetic  to  show 
that  the  probable  cost  of  maintaining  Dr.  X's  office,  allowing  him 
a  yearly  salary  of  $2500.00,  is  not  far  from  $4.00  per  producing 
hour.  If  preparation  of  the  root  and  the  setting  of  the  crown,  after 
selection  was  complete,  occupies  an  hour,  these  alone  have  cost 
Dr.  X  $4.00.  The  half  hour  spent  in  selecting  the  crown,  plus 
the  cost  of  the  crown,  makes  the  cost  of  this  operation  to  him  $6.40. 
His  fee  of  $6.00  therefore  shows  a  loss.  And  it  was  his  method 
of  crown  selection  that  entailed  the  loss. 

Note  how  much  more  economically  Dr.  X  might  have  selected 
that  crown  and  how  much  greater  might  have  been  his  net  profit, 
if  he  had  kept  at  hand  even  one  of  the  trays  holding  100  Dentsply 
or  Twentieth  Century  Crowns  (and  many  shrewd  operators  keep 
Assortment  No.  713  or  half  a  dozen  trays  always  at  hand).  He 
could  have  selected  the  crown  in  not  longer  than  was  required 
to  decide  between  the  crowns  he  brought  from  the  depot.  If  the 
tray  was  kept  well  filled,  the  selection  would  probably  have  been 
much  better  than  resulted  from  the  trip  to  the  dental  depot,  and  the 
crown  would  have  been  more  quickly  adapted.  Practically  the 
entire  half  hour  lost  by  Dr.  X's  method  of  selection  would  have 
been  saved.  The  crown  cost  to  Dr.  X  would  then  have  been  less 
by  the  value  of  the  half  hour,  it  would  also  have  been  less  by 
the  difference  between  the  price  of  single  crowns  and  the  price 
of  crowns  when  bought  by  the  hundred.  The  total  net  saving 
would  probably  be  in  excess  of  $2.00. 

:«7 


Someone  may  suggest  that  Dr.  X  could  reduce  the  cost  of  his 
method  of  selection  by  sending  his  assistant  to  the  depot  for  the 
crowns.  This  is  undoubtedly  true,  but  the  sending  of  one  who 
knows  little  about  crowns  in  general  and  the  case  in  particular,  to 
select  by  the  aid  of  a  tooth  clerk  who  has  never  seen  the  case,  is 
surely  an  example  of  "the  blind  leading  the  blind",  with  the  result 
that  the  dentist  usually  falls  into  a  professional  ditch.  This  is 
contrary  to  the  first  requirement  for  good  crown  selection,  "that 
the  crown  shall  be  selected  by  the  dentist".  Selection  from  among 
the  crowns  secured  in  this  manner,  usually  does  nothing  to  increase 
public  respect  for  the  skill  which  the  dentist's  work  exhibits.  For 
if  the  crowns  which  the  dentist  himself  brings  "can  only  be  made 
to  do",  what  shall  be  said  of  the  crowns  brought  by  one  who  is  not 
a  dentist? 

For  the  dentist  who  is  situated  farther  away  from  the  dental 
depot  than  the  Dr.  X  of  the  preceding  paragraphs,  that  is  the 
dentist  who  is  a  few  blocks  or  a  few  miles  away,  all  that  was  said 
above  applies  with  even  greater  force.  The  dentist  who  must  send 
by  mail  has  many  an  uncomfortable  moment  when  patient  and 
crowns  come  to  the  office  about  together  and  It  is  found  that  none  of 
the  crowns  sent  are  suitable  for  the  case.  What  shall  be  said  of  cases 
where  the  crowns  do  not  arrive  in  time  and  the  work  must  wait 
another  appointment?  Such  cases  occasionally  happen  and  are 
nearly  always  rush  cases,  where  disappointment  is  especially  an- 
noying. 

The  question  of  how  many  crowns  shall  be  carried  in  stock 
must  be  settled  by  each  dentist  according  to  his  circumstances.  The 
shrewder  the  dentist,  the  larger  stock,  within  reason,  he  will  carry. 
While  no  dentist  can,  with  the  best  results,  carry  less  than  lOO 
crowns  in  such  a  stock,  the  busy  dentist  finds  it  to  his  advantage 
to  carry  from  200  to  500  as  permitting  a  larger  range  of  moulds 
and  shades.  Two  hundred  Twentieth  Century  or  Dentsply  Crowns 
can  be  purchased  for  a  down  payment  of  $10.00,  and  $10.00 
each  month  for  six  months  following. 

Into  nearly  every  dental  office  comes  what  may  be  called,  for 
want  of  a  better  term,  "emergency  cases".  A  patient,  maybe  one 
whose  patronage  is  valued,  loses  a  tooth  or  a  crown.  A  social 
or  business  engagement  is  close  at  hand  and  cannot  be  faced  with  a 
tooth  missing.     The  dentist  is  called  on  to  immediately  place  a 

338 


tooth  which  shall  be  presentable  and  sufficiently  durable  for  the 
purpose. 

While  a  number  of  "emergency  crowns"  can  be  constructed 
by  the  use  of  a  facing  and  a  post,  it  is  much  more  to  the  dentist's 
credit  to  be  able  to  say  "I  can  set  a  crown  immediately"  and  to  do 
so  on  the  spot.  Even  if  the  post  be  set  only  with  temporary  stop- 
ping and  is  removed  later  for  more  permanent  work,  a  distinct  im- 
pression in  favor  of  the  dentist's  preparedness  and  efficiency  is 
created. 

Some  dentists  think  that  they  make  more  favorable  impressions 
by  stating  that  they  must  send  to  such  and  such  a  place  for  a  tooth 
or  crown.  This  may  be  true  in  certain  cases  but  with  intelligent 
patients  the  benefits  of  prompt  service  outweigh  any  impression 
which  could  be  made  in  this  manner. 

How  TO  Select  the  Stock  and  Keep  It  Up. 

Many  dentists  would  be  willing  to  order  a  stock  of  crowns  and 
reap  the  benefits  if  they  knew  what  to  ask  for  in  that  stock.  This 
can  be  determined  only  by  experience.  Doubtless  more  centrals 
and  laterals  are  crowned  with  porcelain  than  any  other  teeth. 
Cuspids;  probably  come  next.  Biscuspids  might  preferably  be 
crowned  with  porcelain  much  more  frequently  than  they  are,  with 
great  advantage  to  the  patient's  appearance. 

To  meet  the  needs  of  the  dentists  who  do  not  know  exactly 
what  to  order  In  the  way  of  a  crown  stock.  Crown  Assortments 
Nos.  I,  2  and  713  have  been  prepared  and  have  met  with  most 
cordial  approval,     (See  description  and  illus.  on  pages  341-345.) 

When  the  stock  has  been  so  far  depleted  as  to  require  replenish- 
ing, either  of  two  methods  may  be  followed.  Enough  crowns 
may  be  purchased  to  fill  the  tray  or  a  new  tray  full  may  be  pur- 
chased, care  being  taken  that  the  new  crowns  are  selected  in  such 
proportions  as  to  properly  supplement  the  stock  already  on  hand. 
This  method  has  two  advantages.  It  increases  the  stock  of  crowns 
always  available  from  which  to  select,  and  it  permits  the  dentist  to 
effect  an  economy  which  pays  his  first  installment  if  he  buys  in  that 
way. 

It  is  then  of  the  greatest  importance  to  select  a  crown  post  which 
will  require  a  minimum  of  reaming,  and  to  perform  that  reaming 

339 


with  care  and  by  the  use  of  the  proper  instruments.  The  shape  of 
the  crown  post  should  correspond  as  nearly  as  possible  to  the  shape 
of  the  root,  so  that  little  reaming  may  be  necessary.  And  the  post 
should  be  capable  of  such  adaptation,,  without  weakening,  as  will 
require  the  least  possible  cutting  of  the  root. 

Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  crown  posts  were  designed 
with  such  roots  as  these  in  view.  They  are  shaped,  in  cross  section, 
like  the  root  itself  and  consequently  like  the  canal.  That  Is,  they 
are  wide  from  lingual  to  labial,  in  the  diameter  in  which  the  root  is 
wide,  in  which  there  is  plenty  of  root  tissue,  where  there  are  rarely 
any  constrictions  or  turnings,  and  where,  if  anywhere,  reaming  is 
safe.  They  are  narrow  mesio-distally,  where  the  root  and  canal 
are  narrow,  where  turnings  of  the  root  are  most  common,  and 
where,  from  every  safety  view  point,  reaming  is  dangerous. 

Moreover  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  crown  posts  are 
capable  of  such  extensive  adaptation  in  themselves  as  to  relieve  the 
root  of  much  danger.  These  posts  are  compressed  from  billets 
of  metal  much  larger  than  the  finished  posts  and  therefore  contain 
more  metal  than  is  common  in  pieces  of  their  size.  This  increased 
density  results  In  a  finer  texture  and  increased  strength.  Because 
of  this  they  may  be  extensively  ground  In  the  meslo-distal  diameter 
without  weakening  them.  As  the  stress  to  which  they  will  be  sub- 
jected In  use  is  from  lingual  to  labial,  their  wide  linguo-labial  diam- 
eter makes  them,  when  extensively  ground  mesio-distally,  like  thin 
boards  of  great  strength,  which  cannot  be  bent  edgewise  save  by  the 
application  of  destructive  force. 

In  view  of  the  formation  of  the  roots  on  which  crowns  must  be 
set,  It  is  evident  that  no  other  form  of  crown  post  Is  so  well  suited 
for  all  roots,  as  that  which  conforms  most  closely  to  the  shape  of 
the  roots  as  nature  leaves  them.  Posts  which  require  as  much 
reaming  mesio-distally  as  they  do  linguo-labially,  necessitate  ream- 
ing In  that  part  of  the  root  from  which  the  greatest  danger  threat- 
ens. It  is  difficult  enough  to  avoid  this  danger;  surely  nothing  Is 
gained  by  courting  it.  Posts  made  of  metal  so  soft  as  to  necessitate 
bulk  In  the  post,,  and  therefore  large  openings  in  the  roots,  are 
manifestly  unsuitable  save  In  roots  so  large  that  ample  root  tissue 
Is  available  and  where  the  root  is  known  to  be  straight.  As  It  Is 
very  difficult  to  determine  exactly  that  a  root  has  no  curves  and 
that  no  constrictions  occur  on  the  mesial  and  distal  sides  as  the 
root  proceeds  apically,  the  obviously  safe  course  is  to  habitually 
use  Twentieth  Century  and  Dentsply  crown  posts. 


340 


^HADE  5  MO. 7^  SH.5      MO, 45  SH!?     MO.22  SH.6|| 


Hg      MOULD  22^SHADE  6  MQ.g^SH.S        M0.64  SH.8      M0.45  SH.loB 


i  A  •  i  i  •  1 1 1  i 

jpfl      MOULD  3  _^SHADE   7  M0.37SH.9        MO.?    SH.5       M6.35  SH.5 


»fM     MOULD  53'     SHADE  8  MO.55SH.ll      M0.39  SH.6     M0.53  SH  8 


•  litAiiaiilA 

M       MOULD  27.    SHADE   lO         MO.rSH.15       M0.56SH.il       MO.I     SH.7J 


J  AAI •§••••. 

IB     M^Otiio  2;9^^HADE    9       ■   M0.48  5H.fO      M0.28  SH.9      M0.20  SH.I4B 
m      MOJULD   8    xSHADE    \4  M0.2Q,SH.7      MO. 43,  SH.|6      M0.19   SH.I5; 


I       MOULD   19  }  SHADE    J5     ■     Mb.44  SH.I6       MO.  I    SH.I5      Ma30SH.9Pt- 


^  MOULD  24,   SHADE   20      MO.,49SH.!3      M0.49,  SH.13      MO.24^SH.20f: 


liifiAiMi 


Crown  Assortment  No.  1. 

The  dentist  who  buys  less  than  100  crowns  at  a  time  pays  forty  cents  each,  where  the  dentist  who  buys 
a  case  at  a  time  and  pays  cash  buys  for  thirty-three  and  three-quarter  cents  each.  That  six  and  a  quarter 
cents  seems  small  to  some  dentists  but  it  is  over  18  per  cent,  on  the  sum  involved,  three  years'  interest 
at  six  per  cent.,  and  is  earned  in  a  very  short  time. 


341 


CROWN  ASSORTMENT  NO.  i. 

This  assortment  comprises  one  hundred  crowns,  either  Twen- 
tieth Century  or  Dentsply,  in  the  moulds  and  shades  most  frequent- 
ly used  by  dentists.  It  affords  the  dentist  a  working  stock  of  crowns 
from  which  he  can  make  selections  "in  the  mouth".  This  method 
of  selection  not  only  economizes  time  and  reduces  the  cost  of  porce- 
lain crowns  to  the  dentist,  but  it  permits  much  more  satisfactory 
selection  than  any  other  method.  It  spares  the  dentist  the  necessity 
of  taking  an  impression,  making  a  model  and  going  or  sending  to 
the  dental  depot  for  crowns.  It  enables  the  dentist  to  purchase  his 
stock  at  less  cost  than  when  crowns  are  purchased  singly. 

The  introduction  of  this  crown  assortment  was  welcomed  by  the 
dental  profession,  and  it  has  been  extensively  used.  So  great  in 
fact  has  Its  popularity  proven,  that  It  has  been  found  desirable  to 
arrange  a  Crown  Assortment  No.  2  to  supplement  this  one  In 
moulds  and  shades,  and  also  Crown  Assortment  No.  713,  which 
comprises  380  crowns. 

Descriptions  of  Assortments  Number  2  and  713,  follow: 


342 


PAIRS  PAIRS  PAIRS 

CENTRALS        LATERALS        CUSPIDS 
MOULD  a^SHADE  8  MO.a6SH.IO     M0.2I  SH.I4    M0.26SH.8 


•tiiiriri 

MOULD  56^SHADE9  MO.37SH.ll       M0.26  SH.IO     M0.56SH.9 


MOULD3I    SJHADE  10         M0.36  SH.8       M0.3Z  SH.II     M0.5LSH.I0   ™ 
MOULD  48.  SHADE  7         M0.5I  SH.5       M0.46SH.5     M0.20  SH  15^ 


MOULD  28   SHADE  II  M0.5SH.I6      M0.53  SH.9      M0.48  SH.7 


MOULD  30  SHADE  14     -M6.53SH.9      MO.IO  SH.I6    M0.44SH.I6 


MOULD  20  SHADE  15  MO.  54  5H.I4      M0.36  SH.8     M0.52.SH.I3 


MOULD   I!     SHADE  16       M0.6.SH.20      M0.4i.SH.20     M0.30  SH.14 


M0.7^SH.7         M0.8  SH.IO     M0.3  SH.14        MO-9  SH.I6  MO.I0^SH.20' 


Crown  Assortment  No.  2. 

This  Assortment  is  supplementary  to  No.  1  made  up  along  the  same  general  lines,  but  differing  in 
moulds  and  shades  and  containing  H)  bicuspids  in  the  most  popular  moulds.  It  is  especially  valuable 
to  any  dentist  who  has  already  purchased  the  No.  1  assortment.  The  combination  gives  him  a  usable 
stock  of  200  crowns  and  enables  him  to  handle  crown  cases  quickly  and  satisfactorily.  The  question 
of  economy  as  explained  under  No.  ],  ai)plies  with  added  force  to  No.  2. 

343 


CROWN  ASSORTMENT  NO.  2. 

Crown  Assortment  No,  i  demonstrated  that  it  is  so  much  more 
advantageous  in  every  way  for  the  dentist  to  carry  a  well  selected 
stock  in  his  office  and  make  his  own  selections  "in  the  mouth",  that 
It  became  necessary  to  arrange  Assortment  No.  2  in  order  to  furnish 
dentists  with  moulds  and  shades  additional  to  those  in  Crown  As- 
sortment No.  I. 

Crown  Assortment  No,  2  was  therefore  arranged  to  give  the 
dentist  a  wider  range  of  moulds  and  shades  than  could  be  had  by 
the  use  of  Assortment  No,  i.  It  greatly  extends  the  dentist's 
ability  to  at  once  meet  the  requirement  of  any  ordinary  case,  and 
enables  him  to  effect  economies  in  cases  for  which  Assortment  No. 
I  was  inadequate. 

It  should  be  remembered  that  having  on  hand  an  adequate 
crown  stock  effects  many  economies  for  the  dentist,  and  can  in  no 
wise  be  called  an  injudicious  expense,  though  the  sum  invested  is 
larger  than  it  would  be  for  a  stock  of  inadequate  size: 

The  range  of  shades  and  moulds  in  Crown  Assortments  Nos.  i 
and  2  will  prove  very  useful  to  many  dentists,  though  dentists  who 
use  many  porcelain  crowns  may  find  it  more  advantageous  to  use 
Crown  Assortment  No.  713,  a  description  of  which  follows: 


344 


CROWN  ASSORTMENT  NO.  713 

In  Twentieth  Century  Crowns 

OR 

.  Dentsply  Crowns 

The  necessity  for  an  adequate  stock  of  porcelain  crowns  presents 
Itself  to  every  busy  dentist  frequently. 


Crown  Assortment  No.  713,  In  beautiful  Cabinet. 

Dentists  who  manage  their  practices  on  a  business  basis,  and 
who  realize  the  importance  of  economizing  the  moments  of  the 
working  day,  need  such  a  stock.  Its  presence  and  use  enables  them 
to  save  enough  time  and  to  so  increase  their  efficiency  as  to  render 
the  stock  very  profitable. 

345 


For  instance,  a  patient  unexpectedly  comes  in  for  a  crown  or 
two.  If  an  impression  must  be  taken  and  the  crowns  sent  for,  the 
value  of  time  lost  is  likely  to  equal  or  exceed  the  cost  of  the  crowns. 
If  crowns  can  be  selected  immediately  from  the  stock  on  hand,  no 
time  will  be  lost  and  the  results  are  much  more  likely  to  be  satis- 
factory. 


:  OA  CEMTRALS  &LATERAi.S  iATERALS 

<-V  MOULD  48\  SHADE- iO        H  46  SH   5 


i^       ^W      W^ 


^■^'  MQULMQ-  f  gtSDE;|w8JSi.M»-^SMi 


m^^^mj^-^ 


luJjJ. 


t§wfmm 


: IMJ** 

-'26  MOJiLft     5  '  SHADE-  1 6        M  45  *SH  7 

J27  MOULD  20  -iSM-^OE-  20     ;  M27  rSH  '7%' 

»),D    tATERA'Cs     tATESAtS        ^rERALS 
■  ,i^O  M50  SH  7     M64  SH  8        M  19  SH  8 

'  2S  W  t4  SH  9/  Maa  SH  9        M53  SH  10 

'JCJm'  S2   SHj  0  '  ;H56  5,H(  L.  ,      H  31   Stf  !  (  ' 


Upper  tray  from  the  cabinet  containing  Crown  Assortment  No.  713. 

Methods  of  Selecting  Crowns. 

Three  methods  are  in  common  use. 

I.   The  first  is  to  send  or  carry  a  model  to  a  dental  depot  and 
for  the  dentist  to  select  there  or  let  his  assistant  or  the  tooth  clerk 

346 


select.  This  method  has  all  the  disadvantages  that  any  workable 
method  can  have.  The  plaster  model  does  not  give  the  shades  of 
the  adjoining  teeth,  and  may  not  even  show  their  characteristics 
well.  It  makes  delicate  blending  of  shades  impossible.  If  the  as- 
sistant or  the  tooth  clerk  selects  the  crown,  neither  has  a  fair  chance 
to  select  well,  because  the  model  cannot  show  enough  of  the  con- 


LS  LATERALS  i;-,; 

N3         M37  3H.ft^ 


i    Jiiil  !»••# 

■       '     "alyiBHlLD   52  SnADE    13  M  15  SM   7  M    9    Sr<    7 

f  i  •  jjyy* <*  f  i    t iiAi  i  •  • « « 

34.,.    MOULti-|8    tr€'^'S»^ra?iP*****rt5'lSH5         M8        SH5     :>  AA        Mmlln'So         '       SHADE    14        ,        M    5  SH  8         M  16   SH  6 


44       MdULD"30  SHADE    14 


f,        MOULD  „.  3-    ..    ,,;\.   SHAO|,  ,7,;  J,       ",    M  7       SH  6         M13       SH7  45        MOULD      8        " '     SHADE    14    ■  M     7SM8.'     MI6SH9 

•  •••••  •  •  •  •.    g^°|g|'^ ;;,";,  ;'"^ 


47         f«5ULO-t9   .^^.,?v,SBADE-.l5  -  MSSHIQ         M  10  SHIO- 


^  ft  s  g  •       Aft  ftSf  i  i  i  A  i 

•(r4=.,.^  ■      M-8     ,SM8    ,Mr-    ;S><a;,,;  ■'/^^^g         MOULD    I  I  SHADE     16  M  i  i    SH  1 1     ,     M13SMIJ 

•  i  ajili •  #  i  1:  iftaii •  t «  •  • 


«6UU0*:«9     :„««S«^ 


l^aSMifii  M 1 3-  »-sH  soi 


'49        HOULO'44         '    "   SHADE     16  H  12  SHI 4-         M    3   StIlS 


W'ify^)AMi<^,  JJ¥¥^^P^^..   ..■•'     M.4SKI6        M   -I  SH20 


••II 


Lower  tray  from  the  cabinet  containing  Crown  Assortment  No.  713. 

ditions.     This  method  is  expensive  in  time  and  trouble  and   fre- 
quently unsatisfactory  in  results. 

2.  The  second  method  is  to  use  a  millimeter  measure  to  de- 
termine the  dimensions  of  the  required  crown  and  order  from  the 
depot  by  mould  number  and  shade  number. 

347 


This  method  is  much  better  than  method  No.  i,  but  it  does  not 
give  proper  opportunities  for  selecting  the  shade. 

3.  Method  No.  3  consists  of  keeping  a  stock  of  crowns  on  hand 
and  using  a  pair  of  dividers  to  aid  selection.  Get  the  length  of  the 
required  crown  with  the  dividers  and  go  quickly  through  the  stock 
and  lay  aside  all  crowns  of  suitable  length.  Then  learn  the  desired 
width  and  select  from  those  laid  aside  the  crowns  of  proper  width. 
Learn  the  required  root  diameters  and  select  the  crowns  suitable  in 
this  respect.  The  selection  may  be  completed  in  five  minutes,  with- 
out model  making,  or  other  loss  of  time. 

Selecting  the  Crown  Shade. 

The  method  in  common  use  is  to  select  a  sample  tooth  from  a 
Shade  Guide  and!  order  by  that  number.  That  method  satisfied 
dentists  for  a  good  many  years.  But  in  the  light  of  better  methods 
it  does  not  satisfy  the  more  exacting  workers. 

They  realize  that  every  patient  presents  individual  color  prob- 
lems, color  of  hair,  color  of  skin,  color  of  the  mucous  membranes, 
color  of  the  teeth  as  they  are  now  and  as  they  will  be  10  years  from 
now.  And  they  realize  that  they  can  best  solve  these  problems 
by  selecting  the  crown  in  the  closest  possible  relations  to  the  hair, 
skin,  membranes,  teeth,  etc.  That  means  trying  crowns  into  the 
space  to  be  filled  until  the  desired  effect  is  secured. 

Such  selection  demands  a  considerable  stock  of  crowns,  like  that 
furnished  by  Assortment  713.  The  wide  range  of  shades  and 
moulds  in  this  assortment  facilitates  just  this  high  type  of  profes- 
sional service. 

To  THE  Dentist  Who  Gets  Low  Crown  Fees. 

This  assortment  will  prove  a  means  of  making  a  profit  where 
other  methods  of  selection  might  net  a  loss.  For  instance,  an  upper 
left  central  porcelain  crown  is  to  be  set  for  a  fee  of  $5-oo,  including 
treatment  of  the  root.  If  the  dentist  takes  an  impression,  makes 
a  model  and  takes  it  to  the  depot,  he  loses  at  least  one  half  hour  of 
time.     If  he  mails  it,  he  loses,  say  twenty  minutes. 

Perhaps  the  depot  sends  four  crowns  from  which  he  can  choose. 
The  ordinary  experience  of  a  dentist  under  these  conditions  is  that 
the  crown  most  suitable  in  mould  is  not  suitable  in  shade.  Finally, 
he  has  to  "make  a  crown  do."  That  takes  time,  and  time  is  money. 
The  result  of  these  several  factors  is  that  so  much  time  is  con- 
sumed that  the  operation  shows  a  loss  rather  than  a  profit. 

348 


With  Crown  Assortment  No.  713  at  hand,  the  dentist  would 
not  take  an  Impression  or  make  a  model  or  go  or  send  to  the  depot. 
He  would  not  be  compelled  to  "make  a  crown  do,"  because  this 
Assortment,  if  kept  filled,  will  meet  all  ordinary  requirements  of 
practice.  He  would  save  probably  twenty  or  thirty  minutes  in  time. 
This  time  would  be  worth  at  least  $1.00.  The  saving  would  make 
all  the  difference  between  a  profit  and  a  loss  in  the  operation. 

The  lower  the  dentist's  fees,  the  more  that  dentist  needs  Crown 
Assortment  No.  713.  The  dentist  who  gets  $10.00  or  $20.00  for 
a  porcelain  crown  may  afford  to  waste  time.  The  dentist  who  gets 
low  fees  cannot  afford  to  waste  a  moment. 

Dentsply  Crown  Assortment  No.  713  Comprises: 

380  Dentsply  Crowns  without  posts. 

24  Style  A  Posts,  or  equivalent  value  in  Style  "B"  Posts. 

Style  A  Crown  Posts  are  regular  Dentsply  Posts,   Style  B  Crown  Posts  are  round  posts. 

Assortment  No.  713  comprises  practically  all  the  Crown 
Moulds  in  Crown  Assortments  Nos.  i  and  2,  with  150  others  which 
could  not  be  included  in  those  Assortments. 

Dentists  who  have  found  Crown  Assortments  Nos.  i  and  2  in- 
sufficient in  quantity  are  advised  to  procure  Assortment  No.  713 
which  is  much  more  extensive. 

Twentieth  Century  Crown  Assortment  No.  713. 
Contains  380  Twentieth  Century  Crowns  with  fixed  posts. 


34U 


TABLE   OF   TWENTIETH    CENTURY    CROWNS, 
ARRANGED  NUMERICALLY. 


(ALIv    DIMENSIONS    ARE    IN 

MII^I^IMETEKS.)* 

CENTRALS. 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS. 

d 

S 

Neck 

"5 

Neck 

_'cd 

Neck 

^ 

Diameters. 

J3 

Diameters. 

X 

Diameters. 

13  — 

•v 

"  c 

"3 

0 

< 

§2 

•2  2 

agtc 

^ 
% 

g.2 

•5  5 

•So 

< 

•S^ 

-0  O 

^•2 
o 

1 

lOK 

8 

8% 

7 

9% 

6% 

7% 

5% 

10 

7% 

8 

7 

364 

2 

9V2 

7 

7% 

6% 

9% 

6% 

7% 

6 

10 

7% 

8% 

6% 

357 

3 

9K 

8 

8 

7% 

9 

7% 

7% 

6 

9% 

8% 

8% 

7% 

359 

4 

9 

9 

8 

7% 

8% 

6% 

7% 

6 

9 

8 

8 

7 

356 

5 

liM 

8 

9 

7% 

11 

7 

8 

6% 

11 

7% 

9 

7 

368 

6 

12 

9 

8% 

8 

11% 

7% 

8 

6% 

12 

8% 

8% 

8 

370 

7 

9 

7% 

8 

7 

8 

6 

8% 

5% 

9 

7 

8 

6% 

354 

8 

10% 

8% 

8% 

7% 

10% 

7 

8 

6% 

11% 

8 

9 

7% 

365 

9 

9 

8 

8% 

7 

8% 

7 

8 

6 

9 

8 

8% 

7% 

354 

10 

lOK 

8 

8% 

7 

9% 

6% 

8 

6 

10% 

7% 

8 

7 

362 

11 

9M 

8 

8 

7% 

8% 

7 

8 

6% 

10 

8% 

9 

7 

359 

12 

7% 

8 

7% 

7 

7 

6 

6% 

5% 

8 

7 

7% 

6 

353 

13 

8 

7 

7% 

7 

7% 

5% 

7 

5% 

8 

7 

7% 

6% 

358 

14 

lOM 

7 

8% 

6% 

10% 

5% 

7 

5 

11 

7 

8 

6 

365 

15 

11 

7% 

8%3 

G'A 

10 

6% 

7% 

6 

10% 

7 

8 

5% 

366 

17 

IIH 

8 

8/2 

7 

11% 

7 

8 

6% 

11% 

8 

8 

7% 

368 

18 

8M 

8% 

8 

8 

8 

6% 

7% 

6 

9 

8 

8 

7 

358 

19 

lOM 

9 

8% 

8 

10 

7 

7% 

6 

10 

8 

8% 

7 

362 

20 

11 

8% 

8 

7% 

10 

6% 

7% 

6 

11 

7% 

8% 

7 

367 

21 

11 

7% 

7% 

6 

11 

5% 

6% 

4% 

11% 

6% 

7% 

5% 

366 

22 

9K 

7% 

8 

6% 

9 

5% 

7 

4% 

9 

7 

8 

6 

357 

23 

10 

7% 

8 

6%2 

10 

5% 

7 

5 

9% 

7% 

7% 

6% 

360 

24 

13 

9 

9 

7% 

12% 

7 

8 

6 

13% 

8 

9 

7 

371 

25 

11 

9% 

8 

8 

10% 

7% 

8 

6 

11 

8 

8 

6% 

368 

26 

9% 

7% 

8 

6% 

9% 

5% 

7% 

5 

9% 

7 

8 

6 

359 

27 

10% 

8 

7 

6% 

10% 

6 

7 

5 

11 

7% 

7% 

6% 

365 

28 

11 

8 

7% 

7 

10% 

6% 

7 

5 

11 

7 

7% 

6 

367 

29 

11^ 

8 

7% 

6% 

11 

6 

6% 

5 

11% 

7% 

7% 

6% 

369 

30 

13 

8% 

8 

7 

12% 

6% 

7 

5 

12% 

7% 

7% 

6 

371 

31 

lOH 

7% 

7 

6 

10% 

6 

6 

5 

11 

7% 

7 

6 

363 

32 

UK 

10% 

9 

7% 

10% 

7% 

8 

6 

11% 

8% 

8% 

7 

370 

33 

10 

10 

8 

8 

9% 

7% 

7% 

6 

10 

8% 

7% 

7 

362 

34 

9K 

7% 

7% 

6 

9 

6 

7 

5 

9% 

7 

7% 

6 

357 

35 

8K 

8 

7% 

6% 

8% 

6% 

6% 

5% 

9 

7% 

6% 

6 

358 

36 

12 

7% 

7% 

6 

11% 

6 

7 

5 

12 

7% 

7 

6 

370 

37 

10 

8 

7 

6% 

9% 

6 

6 

5 

10% 

7% 

7 

6% 

360 

38 

10% 

9% 

7% 

7 

10 

7% 

7 

6% 

10% 

8 

7% 

6% 

363 

39 

9 

8% 

7 

7 

9 

6% 

6% 

5 

9 

8 

7 

6 

355 

40 

9 

8 

7 

6 

8% 

6 

7 

5 

9% 

7% 

7 

6 

354 

41 

12 

9% 

7% 

7 

12 

7% 

7 

6 

12% 

9 

8% 

7 

371 

42 

UK 

9 

7 

7 

11% 

7% 

7% 

5% 

12 

8% 

8 

7 

369 

43 

10 

8 

7 

6% 

9% 

6% 

7 

5% 

10 

8 

7% 

6% 

361 

44 

10 

9 

7% 

7% 

10 

7 

7 

6 

10 

8 

8 

7% 

361 

45 

11 

7 

7 

6 

11 

5% 

6% 

4% 

11 

6% 

7 

5 

366 

46 

9 

8% 

7 

6% 

9 

6% 

7 

5 

9% 

8 

5% 

6% 

356 

47 

8 

6% 

6% 

5% 

7% 

5% 

6 

5 

8 

6 

7 

5% 

353 

48 

10 

8 

7 

6% 

10 

6% 

7 

5% 

10% 

7% 

7% 

6 

361 

49 

UK 

9% 

8 

7 

11 

7% 

7% 

6 

11% 

9 

8 

7 

369 

50 

10% 

9% 

8 

7 

10 

7% 

8 

6 

10% 

8 

8% 

7 

363 

51 

9 

8% 

8 

7 

8% 

6% 

7% 

5% 

9 

8 

7% 

6 

355 

52 

10% 

9% 

8 

8% 

9% 

7 

7% 

6 

10 

8% 

8 

7% 

364 

53 

10% 

8 

8 

7 

10 

6% 

7 

5% 

10% 

7 

7% 

6 

364 

54 

11 

8% 

8 

6% 

10% 

7 

8% 

5% 

10% 

7 

8% 

6% 

367 

55 

7% 

7% 

7% 

6% 

6% 

5% 

7% 

5 

7 

6% 

7% 

6 

353 

56 

9% 

8% 

7% 

6% 

9 

6% 

7 

5% 

10 

7% 

7% 

6% 

360 

57 

9% 

9>2 

8% 

8 

8% 

7 

8 

6% 

9 

8 

8% 

7% 

356 

58 

9 

8% 

6% 

6% 

8% 

7 

6 

5 

9% 

8 

7 

6 

355 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 

slight  variations. 

350 


TABLE   OF   TWENTIETH   CENTURY   CROWNS, 
ARRANGED    BY   SIZE. 

(AI^I,   DIMENSIONS   ARE    IN   MII,LIMETERS.)  * 


CENTRALS.        | 

LATERALS.         | 

CUSPIDS. 

i. 

1 

< 

Neck 
Diameters. 

"a 

X! 

Neck 
Diameters. 

7; 

3 
?* 

Neck 
Diameters. 

0 

o 

S.1 
•S5 

.2« 
SO 

2 - 

■S5 

.6  a 
SO 

■25 
SO 

SHORT. 


55 

VK 

7K 

714 

6 14 

6% 

54 

74 

5 

7 

64 

74 

6 

353 

12 

T% 

8 

714 

"" 

7 

6 

6^4 

54 

8 

7 

74 

6 

353 

47 

8 

6 14 

6^4 

514 

74 

54 

6 

5 

8 

6 

7 

54 

353 

13 

8 

7 

714 

7 

74 

5% 

7 

54 

8 

7 

74 

64 

358 

35 

8K 

8 

V4 

614 

84, 

64 

64 

54 

9 

74 

64 

6 

358 

18 

81^ 

8 14 

8 

8 

8 

64 

74 

6 

9 

8 

8 

7 

358 

7 

9 

7K 

8 

7 

8 

6 

84 

54 

9 

7 

8 

64 

354 

9 

9 

8 

8 14 

7 

84 

7 

8 

6 

9 

8 

84 

74 

354 

40 

9 

8 

7 

6 

84 

6 

7 

6 

94 

74 

7 

6 

354 

51 

9 

8 14 

8 

7 

84 

64 

74 

54 

9 

8 

74 

6 

355 

58 

9 

814 

614 

614 

84, 

7 

6 

5 

94 

8 

7 

6 

355 

39 

9 

8 14 

7 

7 

9 

6K 

64 

5 

9 

8 

7 

6 

355 

46 

9 

8K 

7 

6 14 

9 

614 

7 

5 

9H 

8 

54 

64 

356 

4 

9 

9 

8 

71/ 

8M 

64 

74 

6 

9 

8 

8 

7 

356 

57 

914 

9K 

8^4 

8 

8^4 

7 

8 

64 

9 

8 

84 

74 

356 

2 

91/ 

7 

714 

6 14 

9K 

64 

74 

6 

10 

74 

84 

644 

357 

22 

91/ 

714 

8 

6 14 

9 

54 

7 

44 

9 

7 

8 

6 

357 

34 

9M 

714 

714 

6 

9 

6 

7 

5 

94 

7 

74 

6 

357 

3 

9M 

8 

8 

714 

9 

74 

74 

6 

9^4 

84 

84 

74 

359 

11 

9K 

8 

8 

714 

8«4 

7 

8 

64 

10 

84 

9 

7 

359 

26 

934 

714 

8 

64 

94 

54 

'  74 

5 

94 

7 

8 

6 

359 

56 

9% 

8K 

7M 

6% 

9 

6M 

7 

5)4 

10 

7K 

7K 

6K 

360 

MEDIUM. 


23 

10 

71/; 

8 

64 

10 

54 

7 

5 

94 

74 

714 

6% 

360 

37 

10 

8 

7 

614 

94 

6 

6 

5 

104 

74 

7 

64 

360 

43 

10 

8 

7 

64 

94 

64 

7 

54 

10 

8 

74 

64 

361 

48 

10 

8 

7 

64 

10 

64 

7 

54 

104 

74 

74 

6 

361 

44 

10 

9 

74 

71/ 

10 

7 

7 

6 

10 

8 

8 

74 

361 

33 

10 

10 

8 

8 

914 

74 

714 

6 

10 

m. 

74 

7 

362 

10 

104 

8 

81/ 

7 

94 

^y?. 

8 

6 

104 

74 

8 

7 

362 

19 

104 

9 

84 

8 

10 

7 

74 

6 

10 

8 

84 

7 

362 

38 

104 

94 

714 

7 

10 

74 

7 

64 

104 

8 

74 

64 

363 

50 

104 

9V. 

8 

7 

10 

74 

8 

6 

i04 

8 

84 

7 

363 

31 

104 

1V> 

7 

6 

lOM 

6 

6 

5 

11 

V4 

V 

6 

363 

1 

1014 

8 

84 

7 

94 

^y?. 

74 

5% 

10 

'(% 

8 

7 

364 

53 

1014 

8 

8 

7 

10 

64 

7 

54 

104 

'{ 

74 

6 

364 

52 

lOM 

94 

8 

84 

9K 

7 

74 

6 

10 

84 

8 

74 

364 

14 

10% 

7 

84 

6 14 

104 

54 

7 

5 

11 

7 

8 

6 

36b 

27 

10% 

8 

7 

64 

104 

6 

7 

5 

11 

74 

74 

6J/2 

365 

8 

10% 

81/^ 

8 14 

74 

104 

7 

8 

64 

114 

8 

9 

7)4' 

365 

45 

11 

7 

7 

6 

11 

54 

64 

44 

11 

64 

7 

5     1 

366 

15 

11 

74 

84 

64 

10 

64 

74 

6 

104 

7 

8 

54 

366 

21 

11 

74 

71/ 

6 

11 

54 

64 

44 

114 

^'A 

74 

54 

366 

28 

11 

8 

71/ 

7 

104 

64 

7 

5 

11 

7 

74 

^     1 

367 

20 

11 

81/ 

8 

71/ 

10 

64 

74 

6 

11 

74 

84 

7     ! 

367 

54 

11 

81/^ 

8 

61/ 

104 

7 

84 

54 

104 

7 

84 

6M 

367 

25 

11 

9 IX 

8 

8 

104 

74 

8 

6 

11 

8 

8 

64 

368 

5 

114 

8 

9 

74 

11 

7 

8 

64 

11 

74 

9 

7 

368 

*  C)wing  to  the  many  processes 


involved  in  making-  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 
slight  variations. 

351 


TABLE   OF   TWENTIETH    CENTURY  CROWNS, 
ARRANGED    BY   ^\ZE.  —  {Contimied). 

{AI,L,   DIMENSIONS   ARE     IN   MII^I^IMETERS.)  * 


CENTRALS.         | 

LATERALS. 

CUSPIDS.            1 

o 

3 
< 

Neck 
Diameters. 

r-'-S   CI 
CI   CS    O 

Mi-T^ 
HTgco 

Neck 
Diameters. 

3 

5 

Neck 
Diameters. 

"3 
o 

§.1 

.23 
S.S 

go 

=  .2 

is 

C  CO 

•23 

ra  0 

!i 

O 

LONG. 


17 

11>^ 

8 

8^ 

7 

UK 

7 

8 

6K 

UK 

8 

8 

7K 

368 

29 

UK 

8 

714 

614 

11 

6 

6^, 

5 

i\% 

7K 

7K 

^% 

369 

42 

ii>^ 

9 

7 

7 

11 K, 

714 

7H 

5^, 

12 

8K 

8 

7 

369 

49 

11  >^ 

9/3 

8 

7 

11 

71/^, 

7/. 

6 

11 K 

9 

8 

7 

369 

32 

11'/^ 

lOK 

9 

7H 

10^, 

7^, 

8 

6 

11 K 

8K 

8 14 

7 

370 

36 

12 

7/2 

V14 

6 

11 K, 

6 

7 

5 

12 

7K 

7 

6 

370 

6 

12 

9 

8K 

8 

n% 

7K 

8 

6K 

12 

m. 

m, 

8 

370 

41 

12 

9% 

7K 

7 

12 

714 

7 

6 

12K 

9 

8^4 

7 

371 

30 

13 

8J4 

8 

7 

12  K, 

6% 

7 

5 

12K 

7% 

714 

6 

371 

24 

13 

9 

9 

7^2 

12K 

7 

8 

6 

13K 

8 

9 

7 

371 

*  Owing^  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making^  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 

slight  variations. 


352 


Twentieth  Century  Crowns 

UPPER   ANTERIORS 


SHORT. 


MOULD  55.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
6^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  7^4  mrru,  width, 
7^^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  71.3  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at 
neck,  G}^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  6  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  6%  mm.,  width,  SVz  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVs  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  6V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  7  mm.,  width,  6^^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7y2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  12.     Dimensions   of  centrals:   vertical  length   of  labial  surface, 

7  mm.,   length   of  labial   surface   measuring   along   surface,   7  94    mm.,   width, 

8  mm.,   linguo-labial   diameter   at   neck,    7'^^    mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter   at 
neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  6V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  7  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  SVs  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7yo  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  47.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
'71.4  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  msasuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width 
G}^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  6  94  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at 
neck,  5%  mm. 


353 


Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  7  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  imeasuring  along  surface,  TVa  mm.,  width,  5^A  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  iVz  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5V^  mm. 


7  V     »iililPU\..J'4,_^ 

MOULD  7.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mim.,  width,  7H 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8Vi  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5V2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8^/4  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  eVa  mm. 


MOULD  9.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  S%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  7yo  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  SVa  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  SVa  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  SVg  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7y2  mm. 


MOULD  40.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
9  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along,  surface,  9  mm.,  width  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length  of 


354 


labial   surface  measuring  along  surface,  8'/4   mm.,   width,   6  mm.,   linguo-la?jial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  Q'/a  mm.,  width,  TVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  51.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8%  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8^ 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  SVo  mm.,  width,  eVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  iVz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   SVa   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  SVz  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  lYz  mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  58.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8M  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width, 
8}^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  GYz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at: 
neck,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9^2  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


39 


MOULD  39.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8}^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width, 
8^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
7  mm. 

355 


Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  QV^  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  6V3  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  46.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8li  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width, 
8^^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
6  3'^    mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  6V2  mm.,  linguo- 
labial   diameter  at  neck,   7  mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,   5   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9^2  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6V2  mm. 


MOULD  4.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  o£  labial  surface, 
8  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  sy2  mm.,  width,  GVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8^^  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  57.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8%  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9M  mm.,  width, 
9^i  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8?4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  ati 
neck,  8  mm.  , 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6V3  mm. 

356 


Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8%  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  S'/o  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7V^  mm. 


3  \j    I  i"'U^ 

MOULD  2.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  B%  mm.,  width, 
7  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
G%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  SVa  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9V2  mm.,  width,  eVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  iVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,   8Vi  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  Q%  mm. 


MOULD  22.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  dli  mm.,  width, 
7%  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
6J4    mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  5V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mim.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  4%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


34 

MOULD  34.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
9  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  QYz  mm.,  width, 
7^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at 
neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8V:>  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  SVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  91/4  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7V4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

357 


MOULD  13.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
7  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  7  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lyi  mm.,  width,  5^  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  7^  .mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6^  mm.. 


MOULD  35.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8^/^  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8^2  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  6J/^   mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,  5^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  7^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  6^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  18,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
lYz  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8^4  mm.,  width, 
854  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  7^2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8  mm.,  width,  6^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,   7  mm. 

358 


MOULD  3.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
8^^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  d^z  mm.,  width, 
8  mm,,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
7  %    mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  7^/4  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7Vi  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QYi  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9%  mm.,  width,  SVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial   diameter  at  neck,   8V4   mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,   7Mj   mm. 


MOULD  11.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
S%  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  d^z  nim.,  width^ 
8  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
71.^   mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  8%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,   mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  SVa  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9%  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8V2  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,  7   mm. 


MOULD  26.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
9  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  d%  mm.,  width, 
7^^  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
6  %  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  .measuring  along  surface,  dVz  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7Vr3  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo- 
labial   diameter  at  neck,   8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   6  mm. 

359 


MOULD  66.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9%  mm.,  width,  8M 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  694 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9  mm.,  width,  6^2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  sYs  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9%  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  lYa  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 


MEDIUM. 


23 


MOULD  23.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7  %  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  G%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QYs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm,,  width,  SVs  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9^4  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring-  along  surface,  dVz  mm.,  width,  T^A  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 


MOULD  37.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  d}i 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6}i  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  QVz  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  6  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  IOV2  mm.,  width,  7^/2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6V4  mm. 

360 


MOULD  43.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9],^ 
mnx,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6M  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  QVo  mm.,  width,  6^2  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,  5^/4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  A^ertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7y4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6^4  mm. 


MOULD  48.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9% 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  M  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  SVo  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9V2  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  .measuring  along  surface,  lOVg  mm.,  width,  7V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7Vo  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 


MOULD  44,  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  9  mm. 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions,  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9Vz  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9^^  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7Vi  mm. 

361 


33 


MOULD  33.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  10  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9%  mm.,  width,  TVg  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  TVg  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9y2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  SVs  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7V2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  10.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9*^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  M  mm.,  width,  8( 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8^^   mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 

7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9^/4  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,   8  mm.,  mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,   6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10%:  mm.,  width,  7^2  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  19.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9)^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  M  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8M   mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9^2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7^/2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9%  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

.362 


MOULD  38.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  101^4  mm.,  width,  93.4 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^/4  mm,,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7^^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   S^A   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVi  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  lyo  mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at  neck,  6%   mm. 


50 


MOULD  50.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  ^^^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10 1.4  mm.,  width,  9*^. 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QVo  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7^/^  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10%  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10y2  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  8%   mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


3  3      ly   u 

MOULD  31.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10^/^  mm.,  width,  7^^ 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVa  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  6  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOYs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

363 


MOULD  1.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9^^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  ^-^  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  3-4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9^/4  mm.,  width,  6V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9V2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  53.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9% 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  103'^  mm,,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QVz  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  6V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  52.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QYz 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10%  mm.,  width,  9H 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  34 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9V2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVs  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9%  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  8V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm. 

364 


MOULD  14.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  94  mm.,  width,  7  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8 14  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  Q},2 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QVo  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  IG^A  mm.,  width,  5%  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  ndck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  27.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  91^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  suriace,  10  94  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6V2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10^/4  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7V2  mm.  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 


MOULD  8.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  94  mm.,  width,  8}>^ 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8^4  nim.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  dVz  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10^/4  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6l^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  IOV2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  IVA  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm. 

365 


MOULD  45.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10^4 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  -along  surface,  11  mto.,  width,  7  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  S^A  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  eVg  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  4%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10V4  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  w^idth,  6^/2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 


MOULD  15.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7M  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  eVa  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7V2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QV^  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10^^  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  ,mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5V2  mm. 


MOULD  21.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7M  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  5^A  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,   eVo   mm.,   mesio-distal  diameter   at  neck,  4cVz   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11%  mm.,  width,  dVz  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  lYz  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  SVs  mm. 

366 


MOULD  28.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  or  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  71.2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  O'/o  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  width,  6^4  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10y2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7V2   mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at   neck,   6   mm. 


MOULD  20.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  S}^  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QVs  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  eVa  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  iVs  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7^^  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  SVs  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  54.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10 J^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  S% 
mm.,  Knguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6% 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVg  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5M3  nim. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10%  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  lingual-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  S'/i   mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at   neck,   dVa   mm. 

367 


35 


MOULD  25.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10  ^2  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  9^^ 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  width,  TVs  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6%  mm. 


MOULD  5.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11 M  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7%   mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  eVa  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


LONG. 


MOULD  17.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  113-4  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8^^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  llVs  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  eVa  ,mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  llVs  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  lYs  mm. 

368 


MOULD  29.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11^2  mm.,  width,  8  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7M  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6M  mm. 

Dimensions  of  lateral^:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  IOM2  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at   neck,   G'/j   mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter   at   neck  5   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOVs  inm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  ll^A  mm.,  width,  7V2  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  lY^  mm.,   mesio-distal   diameter  at   neck,   6^/4   mm. 


MOULD  42.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10  J-^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  113-4  mm.,  width, 
9  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  llVs  mm.,  width,  7%,  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7^/4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5%  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  13  mm.,  width,  8V2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


4  9 


MOULD  49.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10i>4  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring,  along  surface,  113^4  mm.,  width, 
9%  mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 

7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  IOV3  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  mm.,  width,  lYs  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7ya  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11%  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

369 


32 


MOULD  32.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11  ^^  mm.,  width,  lOM 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7% 
mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVa  mm.,  width,  7%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cttspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  llMj  mm.,  width,  8%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  SV^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  36.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface, 
10 1^  mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  7}^ 
mm.,  linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck, 
6  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  lOVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  llVa  mm.,  width,  6  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  7^2  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  6.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10 1^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  S%  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  10  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  11%  mm.,  width,  7iA  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6y2  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  llVg  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  872  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8^2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm. 


370 


MOULD  41.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  ^ 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  9%  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  7'^i  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12  mm.,  width,  7^/4  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  12  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12'/^  mm.,  width,  9  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8^^  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 


MOULD  30.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  12 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  13  mm.,  width,  S}>^  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  12  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12%  mm.,  width,  6%  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  12^/4  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12%  mm.,  width.  7%  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter    at  neck,  7V2  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  6  mm. 


MOULD  24.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  12 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  13  mm.,  width,  9  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7^^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  11^/^  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  12y2  mm.,  width,  7  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  8  mm.,   mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,   6   mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  1.']  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  13%  mm.,  width,  8  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  9  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm. 

371 


Twentieth  Century  Crowns 

LOWER  ANTERIORS 


MOULD  64.  Dimensions  of  centrals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  8% 
mm.,  length  of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  9%  mm.,  width,  5  mm., 
linguo-labial  diameter  at  neck,  6  f4  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  4  ^  mm. 

Dimensions  of  laterals:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  9  mm.,  length  of 
labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  10  mm.,  width,  SVs  mm.,  linguo-labial 
diameter  at  neck,  eVs  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  4  mm. 

Dimensions  of  cuspids:  vertical  length  of  labial  surface,  QVs  mm.,  length 
of  labial  surface  measuring  along  surface,  lOVo  mm.,  width,  QVz  mm.,  linguo- 
labial  diameter  at  neck,  7  mm.,  mesio-distal  diameter  at  neck,  5  mm. 


TABLE    OF    TWENTIETH     CENTURY    BICUSPID     CROWNS. 

(AIvL  DIMENvSIONS  ARE  IN   MII,I,IMKTERS.)  * 


1 

Mesio-distal 
diameter  at 

ROOT  DIAMETERS 

Cut  and 
description 

Mould  No. 

contact  points 

I,abio-lingual. 

Mesio-distal 

on  page 

1 

1st 
2nd 

10 

10 

8 
8K 

5 

572 

374 
374 

2 

1st 

2nd 

10 
10 

7M 

8M: 

9 

6 

374 
374 

3 

1st 
2nd 

8 
8 

7 
7 

9M 

6M 

6K 

375 
375 

4 

1st 
2nd 

8 
8 

7 
7 

8 
8 

6 
6 

375 
375 

5 

1st 
2nd 

8 
8 

6 

6K 

8 
8 

5K 

5y2 

376 
376 

6 

1st 
2nd 

8 
8 

6 
6 

7 
7 

5 

5 

376 
376 

7 

1st 
2nd 

6K 
6M 

7 
7 

8 

7 

377 
377 

8 

1st 
2nd 

7 
7 

6M 
7 

7H 
8 

5M 
6 

377 
377 

9 

1st 
2nd 

9 
9 

7 
7 

8 
8 

6 
6 

378 
378 

10 

1st 
2nd 

9 
9 

6M 

6M 

8 
8 

5^2 

378 
378 

11 

1st 
2nd 

8 

8M 

7M 
8 

9 
10 

7 
7>t 

379 
379 

12 

1st 
2nd 

8K 
8 

7 
8 

9 

9V2 

7 
7>^ 

379 
379 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth; 

slight  variations. 

372 


these  measurements  are  subject  to 


TABLE  OF  TWENTIETH  CENTURY  BICUSPID  CROWNS. 

( Contitiued. ) 

(AIvI,   DIMENSIONS  ARE  IN   MIL,UMETERS.)  * 


Mould  No. 

Bicuspid 

Length 

Mesio-distal 
diameter  at 

ROOT  DIAMETERS 

Cut  and 
description 

contact  points 

I<abio-lingual. 

Mesio-distal 

on  page 

13 

1st 

7 

7 

7 

6 

380 

2nd 

m 

7 

8 

6 

380 

14 

1st 

6 

6 

8 

6 

380 

2nd 

6 

6 

8 

6 

380 

15 

1st 

8 

^2 

8 

6 

381 

2nd 

8 

6M 

8 

6 

381 

16 

1st 

8 

6 

8 

5 

381 

2nd 

8 

6 

8 

5 

381 

*  Owing  to  the  many  processes  involved  in  making  teeth,  these  measurements  are  subject  to 

slight  variations. 


SOLILA  CROWNS 

are  exactly  the  same  as  the  Twentieth  Century  Crowns, 
except  that  the  posts  are  of  pure  gold,  reinforced  w^ith  an 
interior  core  of  stronger  metal,  and  the  post  soldered  to  the 
platinum  anchorage  in  the  porcelain  with  gold  solder. 


373 


Twentieth  Century 
Bicuspid  Crowns 


MOULD  1.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6^i  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  5  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  eVz  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  S^.^  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  5^  mm. 

This  mould  is  long  vertically  and  finds  many  uses  where  a  long  vertical 
restoration  is  necessary.  It  is  not  uncommon  for  a  root  to  be  decayed  exten- 
sively on  the  buccal  side,  and  the  farther  the  porcelain  restoration  can  be  carried 
apically,  the  more  satisfactory  will  be  the  results,  so  that  the  porcelain  is 
properly  polished  where  it  extends  beneath  the  gum.  There  are  also  cases 
where  the  gums  have  receded,  and  a  long  crown  is  essential  to  an  artistic 
restoration.     For  these  conditions  this  mould  will  be  found  very  useful. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  will  be  regarded  by  some  as  medium  and  by  others 
as  smaller  than  medium.  The  buccal  surfaces  curve  toward  the  median  line 
in  the  occlusal  third,  which  has  the  effect  of  throwing  the  buccal  cusps  toward 
the  median  line  of  the  tooth.  This  is  important  in  long  moulds,  since  it 
prevents  opposing  buccal  cusps  from  exerting  leverage  far  out  from  the 
centre. 


MOULD  2.  First  Bicuspid.  .Length,  10  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7}^  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  SVz  num.; 
mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  10  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  7%  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  6y2  mm. 

374 


Large  in  every  dimension. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  are  skillful  reproductions  of  the  natural  crowns 
which  have  been  worn  until  the  sharpness  of  youth  has  been  removed  but 
the  flatness  of  old  age  has  not  been  reached.  The  definitions  of  the  several 
portions  of  the  occlusal  surfaces  remain,  but  are  well  rounded  down  and 
present  no  sharp  edges.  For  those  cases,  where  crowns  of  these  dimensions 
are  available,  these  should  prove  very  acceptable. 


3        \JJ\^ 

MOULD  3.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9^^  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  6J^  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9^^  mm.;  mesio-distal,  G% 
mm. 

A  thick,  stocky  mould,  like  the  natural  crowns  seen  in  so  many  people 
of  medium  height  and  heavy  frame.  Such  people  are  usually  of  vigorous 
habit  and  grind  the  natural  teeth  pretty  well  down  by  early  middle  life.  When 
their  bicuspids  are  to  be  replaced,  the  porcelain  crowns  must  be  of  similar 
proportions  to  their  natural  teeth  and  of  great  strength. 

This  mould  is  well  suited  for  such  cases.  The  occlusal  surfaces  are  not 
large,  especially  in  the  first  bicuspids.  The  buccal  cusp  of  each  is  thrown 
well  toward  the  center  of  the  tooth  so  that  any  stress  brought  to  bear  on 
it  shall  be  well  supported  by  the  roots.  The  margins  and  cusps  are  well 
rounded  and  should  articulate  without  friction. 


MOULD  4.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
7  mm.     Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

So  nearly  like  mould  3  as  to  make  description  unnecessary  save  to  say 
that  it  is  smaller  in  every  dimension. 

375 


This  mould  is  commended  for  use  in  cases  where  the  patient  is  in  the 
habit  of  using  strong  masticatory  force. 

Its  gently  rounding  occkisal  surfaces  also  make  it  suitable  for  distinctly 
fat  people,  whose  teeth  are  often  of  this  formation. 


MOULD  5.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  5^i  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm,  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
6^  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  5  3^^ 
mm. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  of  this  mould  are  narrow  labio-lingually.  This 
effect  has  been  secured  by  a  marked  inward  curve  of  the  buccal  surfaces  in 
the  occlusal  third.  This  has  several  advantages.  It  facilitates  a  close  articula- 
tion between  the  upper  and  lower  teeth.  It  prevents  the  bicuspids  appearing 
prominent,  especially  if  the  cuspids  are  small  or  out  of  position.  It  throws  any 
leverage  placed  upon  the  buccal  cusps  nearer  the  centre  of  the  roots. 

The  sulci  in  this  mould  are  deep  enough  to  retain  food  and  the  occlusal 
surfaces  are  smooth  enough  to  articulate  easily  with  the  opposing  teeth. 


MOULD  6.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  7  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  5  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
6  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  7  mm.;  mesio-distal,  5 
mm. 

A^mould  of  considerable  vertical  length  but  of  short  root  diameters, 
labio-lingually,  and  of  small  occlusal  surfaces. 

It  is  not  uncommon  to  find  natural  bicuspids  which  are  almost  round  when 
cut  ofif  at  the  gingival  margin,  because  the  labio-lingual  diameter  is  so  short, 
It  is  difficult  or  impractical  to  grind  a  porcelain  crown,  which  is  long  in  this 
diameter,  to  fit.    In  such  cases,  this  mould  will  be  found  very  useful. 

When  natural  bicuspids  of  this  root  formation  have  long  crowns,  care 
must  be  taken  that  the  porcelain   crown   shall  be   of   a  form  which  will   not 

376 


expose  the  root  to  too  much  stress.  This  result  has  been  secured  in  this  mould 
by  keeping  the  occlusal  surfaces  small  and  rounding  the  cusps  so  that  they 
shall  articulate  smoothly  with  the  opposing  teeth. 


MOULD  7.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  6%  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  G}^  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  G}^  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8^4  nim.;  mesio- 
distal,  7  mm. 

A  short  mould  vertically  with  root  diameters  larger  than  medium  and 
well-defined  occlusal  surfaces  of  good  size. 

Short  moulds  in  porcelain  crowns  are  very  useful.  A  long  mould  cannot 
be  ground  for  a  close  bite  case  without  destroying  most  of  its  beauty  of  form. 
It  is  better  to  have  a  mould  carved  to  proper  length. 

This  mould  will  be  found  very  useful  where  rather  large  teeth,  with  short 
crowns,  are  to  be  replaced.  The  several  parts  of  the  occlusal  faces  are  rounded 
so  as  to  articulate  with  natural  teeth  which  are  pretty  well  worn. 


MOULD  8.  First  Bicuspid.  Length  7  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6}i  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  lYz  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  5%  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  7  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal, 
6  mm. 

This  mould  is  undoubtedly  of  the  size  which  most  dentists  would  class 
as  medium.  The  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  first  bicuspids  are  distinctly  smaller 
than  those  of  the  second  bicuspids.  All  of  the  marginal  ridges  are  rounding. 
The  sulci  are  of  medium  depth.  The  roots  are  wide  enough,  mesio-distally, 
to  permit  fitting  almost  any  bicuspid  root  not  over  8  mm.,  in  the  labio-lingual 
diameter. 

377 


MOULD  9.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
7  mm.     Root  diameters  as  follows:     Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

The  observer  of  this  mould  will  be  at  once  struck  by  the  straightness  of 
the  buccal  surface.  Whereas  the  buccal  surface  in  some  moulds  curves  strong- 
ly toward  the  median  line,  in  this  mould  the  curvature  is  very  slight,  only 
enough  to  give  the  cusps  proper  form.  The  lingual  surfaces  are  also  very 
straight. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  are  medium  in  size  and  are  marked  by  very  shallow 
sulci  and  rounding  cusps. 

Where  a  straight  mould  is  called  for,  this  mould  will  be  found  serviceable. 
It  should  be  easy  to  articulate  these  crowns  with  worn  natural  teeth,  or  with 
artificial  teeth. 


MOULD  10.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6^  mm.  Root  diameter  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  5}^  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  9  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
61.^  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  5^4 
mm. 

There  are  some  cases  in  which  crowns  with  sharp  occlusal  surfaces 
are  not  desirable.  Such  cases  are  exemplified  by  roots  which  are  not  firmly 
attached  to  the  process  or  which  are  so  hollowed  by  decay  as  not  to  be  capable 
of  resisting  much  strain.  In  such  cases,  rounding  occlusal  surfaces  which  will 
glide  smoothly  over  the  opposing  surfaces  are  desirable.  This  mould  has  such 
surfaces. 

The  crowns  of  this  mould  are  more  than  medium  long  and  have  medium- 
sized  occlusal  surfaces.  The  sulci  are  very  shallow  and  the  cusps  low  and 
rounding.     This  mould  should  articulate  well  with  well-worn  natural  teeth. 

378 


MOULD  11.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  71^2  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9],^  mm.; 
mesio-distal,   7   mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8^.2  mm..  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  8  mm.     Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  10  mm.;  mesio-distal, 

7}i  mm. 

The  first  bicuspids  are  larger  than  medium  and  the  second  are  distinctly 
large.  The  occlusal  surfaces  are  more  distinctly  marked  than  in  any  of  the 
other  large  moulds,  the  ridge  through  the  centre  of  the  tooth  being  prominent. 

Wherever  a  large  crown  is  called  for  and  the  interdental  space  between 
the  opposing  crowns  permits  the  use  of  a  prominent  central  ridge,  this  mould 
should  prove  exceptionally  efficient. 


MOULD  12.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8^.^  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  7  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
8  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  9^i  mm.;  mesio-distal,  7^4 
mm. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  of  the  first  bicuspids  are  of  more  than  medium  size 
and  of  the  second  bicuspids  are  large.  The  sulci  are  very  shallow  and  the 
cusps  are  not  prominent. 

These  crowns  are  fairly  wide  at  the  contact  points,  but  taper  markedly 
toward  the  palatal,  so  that  wide  interdental  spaces  would  be  left  toward  the 
tongue.  This  is  important  in  mouths  where  such  spaces  are  characteristic,  and 
in  fitting  roots  which  are  narrow  on  the  palatal  side. 

379 


MOULD  13.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  7  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  7  mm.,  mesio- 
distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  7%  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact 
points,  7  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal, 
6  mm.. 

This  mould  is  intended  to  replace  bicuspids  which  may  be  regarded  as  of 
medium  size,  and  rather  square  outlines  when  seen  from  the  occlusal  surfaces. 
The  outlines  of  the  occlusal  surfaces  as  expressed  in  the  marginal  ridges  are 
rather  sharp,  and  the  several  slopes  of  the  occlusal  surfaces  are  well  defined. 
The  sulci  are  well  defined  to  hold  food  for  crushing. 


MOULD  14.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  6  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio- 
distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  6  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
6  mm.     Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

This  mould,  when  seen  on  the  occlusal  surfaces,  appears  narrow  mesio- 
distally  and  long  labio-lingually.  It  is  also  short  vertically  and  can  be  used  in 
many  cases  where  the  root  is  wide  from  lingual  to  labial  but  narrow  mesio- 
distally  and  the  bite  is  close.  It  is  especially  suitable  for  cases  where  the  oppos- 
ing teeth  are  well  worn,  or  where  the  root  on  which  the  crown  is  being  set  is 
not  strong  enough  to  withstand  much  stress.  The  several  portions  of  the  oc- 
clusal surfaces  are  well  rounded,  and  the  crowns  should  slide  over  opposing 
teeth  without  much  friction. 

While  the  root  diameters  of  the  first  and  second  bicuspids  are  alike  the 
occlusal  surfaces  are  quite  different  in  size,  as  will  be  seen  from  the  illustra- 
tion. The  second  bicuspids  have  longer  occlusal  surfaces  labio-lingually,  than 
do  the  firsts. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  say  that  the  dentist  may  use  these  bicuspids  in- 
terchangeably, as  between  firsts  and  seconds,  using  whichever  of  the  two  is 
more  suitable  for  the  case  in  hand. 

380 


MOULD  15.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  63-^  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.; 
mesio-distal,  6  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
GYz  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingually,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  6 
mm. 

This  mould  is  intended  for  the  replacement  of  crowns  where  the  buccal 
surface  is  not  quite  so  perpendicular  as  in  the  crowns  described  above,  but 
inclines  more  toward  the  median  line  of  the  mouth  as  it  proceeds  from  the 
gingival  margin  to  the  occlusal  surfaces.  That  is,  crowns  that  are  not  quite 
as  straight  as  some. 

It  is  not  uncommon  to  hnd  natural  teeth  of  this  sort.  If  the  dentist  can  find 
no  porcelain  crowns  with  similar  curvature,  it  is  difficult  to  adapt  a  straight 
crown  so  as  to  bring  the  buccal  cusp  into  proper  line.  With  this  mould  at 
hand  such  cases  may  readily  be  fitted. 

The  lines  of  the  occlusal  surfaces  are  not  very  sharp,  nor  are  they  so 
rounding  as  to  destroy  character  or  efficiency.  The  sulci  are  of  medium  depth 
and  will  hold  food,  as  the  bicuspids  should.  The  margins  of  the  several  parts 
of  the  occlusal  surfaces  are  sufficiently  rounding  to  make  articulation  with 
opposing  teeth  eas}''. 


MOULD  16.  First  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at 
contact  points,  6  mm.  Root  diameters  as  follows:  Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;^ 
mesio-distal,  5  mm. 

Second  Bicuspid.  Length,  8  mm.  Mesio-distal  diameter  at  contact  points, 
6  mm.     Root  diameters  as  follows:     Labio-lingual,  8  mm.;  mesio-distal,  5  mm. 

The  occlusal  surfaces  of  this  mould  immediately  strike  the  observer  as 
long  labio-lingually  and  narrow  mesio-distally.  They  conform  to  the  shapes 
of  bicuspids  of  the  type  often  spoken  of  as  the  "nervous  temperament." 

The  several  portions  of  the  occlusal  surfaces  are  well  defined  but  the 
margins  round  away  so  that  the  crowns  should  not  "catch"  in  articulation. 

These  crowns  are  rather  long,  vertically,  as  teeth  of  the  nervous  tem- 
perament are  apt  to  be.  They  make  it  possible  to  restore  crowns  where 
the  bite  is  open. 

381 


MOULD    GUIDE   FOR   VULCANITE   TEETH   OF   THE 
DENTISTS'  SUPPLY  COMPANY. 

(The  sample  teeth  comprising  this  guide  have  baked-in  composition  pins  and  are 
not   suitable  for  use   on  practical  cases.     They  are  for  selection  purposes  only. ) 

Directions.  Select  the  moulds  required,  either  by  the  aid  of  the 
millimeter  measure  and  the  Twentieth  Century  Method,  or  by  try- 
ing in  the  mouth,  or  on  the  case.  Order  by  the  mould  numbers  on 
the  labial  surfaces  of  the  teeth. 

Selection  for  Full  and  Partial  Cases. 

Certain  moulds  in  this  Guide  have  been  approved  by  thousands 
of  dentists  as  most  suitable  for  full  denture  cases  and  certain  other 
moulds  as  more  suitable  for  special  or  partial  cases. 

The  dentist  will  do  well  to  bear  in  mind  this  distinction,  as  it 
is  fully  explained  below,  because  our  teeth  are  supplied  as  far  as 
possible  in  the  forms  which  best  comply  with  these  quite  different 
demands.  That  is,  the  moulds  generally  preferred  for  full  sets  are 
carried  in  stock  as  full  sets,  while  those  usually  preferred  as  partial 
sets,  are  carried  in  stock  as  partials.  We  find  we  serve  the  pro- 
fession best  in  this  way. 

Moulds  for  Full  and  Partial  Sets. 

These  are  the  42  upper  moulds  and  12  lowers  we  have  so  long 
advocated,  with  the  addition  of  upper  moulds  27  and  74  and  of 
lower  moulds  25  and  74  to  articulate  with  them.  These  moulds  re- 
quire no  extended  descriptions,  because  they  are  familiar  to  thou- 
sands of  dentists.     The  numbers  are  as  follows: 

Upper  mould J_   A       ^       ^       I       8       9       10      11      12      13      15      16 

Articulating  lower  39      67      39      39      67      51     A5    51      67      A5    67      14     67 

Upper  mould j7      18      19     20     21     22     23     35     36     42     44      45     47 

Articulating  lower         14      14     67     39      67     67      3      39      67      14     27     103    A5 

Upper  mould 48      50      51      52      65      67      68     70     78 

Articulating  lower  19  A50      67      52      51      67      14      67     78 

Upper  mould 87     88      89      90      93     103    104    27     74 

Articulating  lower  87      10     67      67     93      3     103     25     74 

382 


UPPER  MOULDS  FOR  FULL  AND  PARTIAL  CASES 


Approx. 

Approx. 

width  6 

Combined 

Combines 

width  full  14 

Mould   No. 

Length  of 
Central 

anteriors  set 

on  Bonwill 

Circle 

Bite  and  Shut 
of  Central 

with 
Molar  mould 

set  on 
Bonwill 
Circle 

52 

8M 

39 

6 

98 

94 

42 

8M 

40 

6K 

98 

95 

18 

9M 

41 

6 

98 

96 

67 

10 

40 

6y> 

97 

99 

27 

lOM 

40 

8M 

99 

101 

68 

9 

42 

5M 

98 

97 

17 

9 

41 

5J^ 

98 

96 

90 

103^ 

42 

^'A 

99 

104 

21 

9^ 

43 

6 

55 

102 

19 

lOM 

43 

6 

99 

104 

15 

9% 

42 

6 

98 

97 

16 

10 

42 

4M 

55 

103 

89 

10 

42 

7 

55 

98 

4 

10 

43 

4M 

97 

102 

51 

11 

42 

7K 

99 

104 

13 

10 

43 

7 

55 

104 

70 

9K 

44 

6K 

98 

99 

36 

9 

43 

6 

55 

102 

6 

10 

45 

5M 

99 

106 

8 

12 

45 

7K 

100 

110 

44 

8M 

45 

5M 

98 

100 

11 

10 

43 

5K 

97 

102 

20 

10 

44 

6K 

99 

105 

22 

9% 

45 

6 

97 

104 

5 

10 

44 

6K 

99 

105 

2 

10)^ 

45 

6>^ 

99 

106 

35 

loy^ 

45 

7K 

99 

107 

7 

lOKs 

45 

7M 

99 

106 

88 

10 

45 

6H 

99 

106 

65 

11 

46 

6>^ 

99 

107 

74 

13>^ 

46 

9 

A50 

104 

10 

11 M 

45 

8 

100 

110 

23 

10 

45 

6 

99 

106 

103 

11 M 

47 

9 

99 

108 

12 

11 

46 

G'A 

99 

107 

78 

UK 

46 

m 

100 

111 

47 

lOM 

47 

6 

99 

108 

9 

10^3 

45 

7K 

99 

106 

50 

13 

47 

8K 

A50 

109 

87 

11 

46 

8K 

100 

111 

45 

12 

49 

7 

100 

114 

104 

11 

48 

8K 

100 

113 

48 

9% 

48 

7 

99 

100 

93 

13 

49 

9 

93 

114 

383 


UPPER 

MOUIvDS  FOR  I 

'ARTIAL  CASES  ONI^Y 

Mould   No. 

IvCng-th  of 
Central 

Approxitnate  width 

6  anteriors  set  on 

Bonwill  Circle 

Combined 

Bite  and  Shut 

of  Central 

91 

11 

42 

5 

40 

11 

44 

7 

38 

12 

45 

6M 

28 

11 

45 

5 

71 

lOH 

42 

53^ 

56 

12 

45 

8 

54 

15 

46 

13 

49 

12 

48 

7 

69 

10^3 

48 

6 

101 

12 

49 

9K 

64 

12 

50 

7 

75 

9% 

50 

6 

83 

15M 

52 

13 

84 

113^ 

53 

8 

IvOWER  MOULDS  FOR  FUEI.  AND  PARTIAI,  CASES 


Mould   No. 

I^eng-th 

Approximate  width 
6  anteriors  set  up 

Combined 

Bite  and  Shut 

of  Central 

52 

8 

32 

5^ 

14 

9 

32 

63^ 

25 

12 

33 

9 

67 

9M 

33 

7 

27 

83^^ 

34 

4 

39 

10 

34 

7^ 

10 

9M 

35 

63^ 

A5 

9H 

37 

73^ 

3 

10 

35 

6 

51 

10 

35 

8 

74 

13 

36 

9 

103 

10^ 

36 

W2 

78 

11 

37 

7 

A50 

12 

36 

7 

87 

11 

41 

8Ji 

93 

123^ 

41 

93^ 

19 

10 

41 

7 

B^         1.0 WER  MOUEDS  FOR  PARTI AE  CASE 

:S  ONEY 

Mould   No. 

X,ength 

Approximate  width 
6  anteriors  set  up 

Combined 

Bite  and  Shut 

of  Central 

35 

123^ 

33 

10 

23 

16^ 

33 

11 

33 

13^ 

34 

11 

34 

123^ 

35 

10 

8 

10 

34 

7 

70 

8^ 

36 

43^ 

11 

12 

36 

8 

22 

143^ 

36 

10 

16 

11 

35 

83^ 

5 

11 

37 

7^ 

65 

10^ 

37 

6 

20 

16 

38 

14 

13 

14 

40 

11^ 

Al 

12 

43 

8 

18 

11 

42 

63^ 

384 


It  Is  believed  that  these  moulds  meet  most  of  the  requirements 
of  cases  needing  full  dentures.  Dentists  who  do  not  carry  Assort- 
ments 610-710-1010  or  1210  and  must  order  from  the  depot  are 
advised  to  accept  the  cardlngs  here  offered  so  far  as  possible,  be- 
cause dental  depots  generally  carry  the  teeth  carded  as  here  shown, 
and  can  most  promptly  and  satisfactorily  fill  orders  for  these  card- 
lngs. 

Other  cardlngs  can  be  had  on  order,  but  it  Is  sometimes  neces- 
sary for  the  depot  to  order  them,  and  this  causes  delay. 

These  moulds  are,  of  course,  furnished  In  partial  sets  for  partial 
cases. 

The  Anteriors  for  Partial  Cases. 

Partial  cases  are  laws  unto  themselves  and  often  require  dif- 
ferent teeth  than  would  be  selected  for  full  dentures  for  the  same 
person.  From  our  long  line  of  moulds,  certain  ones  have  been 
selected  by  dentists  as  best  meeting  the  requirements  of  partial  cases. 
And  these  moulds,  uppers  and  lowers  are  here  Included. 

The  numbers  of  the  upper  moulds  are : 

9 1 -40-2  8-3  8-5  6-54-49-69-7 1- 1 01-75-64-83-84. 

The  numbers  of  the  lower  moulds  are  :  35-33-23-34-22-20-A1-8- 
11-16-5-65-13-18. 

No  articulations  between  these  uppers  and  lowers.  These 
uppers  and  lowers  are  not  given  here  as  articulating,  because  the 
selection  of  anterior  teeth  for  partial  cases  Is  governed  by  the  widths 
of  the  spaces  to  be  filled.  As  was  said  above,  these  special  moulds 
for  partial  sets  are  included  because  they  are  preferred  for  this 
purpose  by  a  great  number  of  dentists. 

Of  these  lower  anteriors,  moulds  35-33-23-34-22-20-Ai  are 
made  and  carded  as  anteriors  only.  If  they  are  ordered  in  connec- 
tion with  bicuspids  and  molars  to  make  full  sets.  It  will  be  necessary 
for  them  to  be  carded  by  the  depot  or  by  us. 

Moulds  8-1 1-16-5-65-13-18  can  be  furnished  as  full  sets,  in  full 
pin  teeth  or  as  Combination  Sets,  on  demand. 

Dentists  are  advised  not  to  use  these  moulds  for  ordering  full 
sets  unless  satisfied  that  none  of  the  moulds  for  full  sets  Is  satis- 
factory. 

385 


.^^,         "Old  Forms"   in  Bicuspids  For  Partial  Cases. 

;  oaWhile  it  is  generally  accepted  that  the  anatomical  moulds  in 
bicuspids  and  molars  are  superior  to  the  "old  moulds"  partial  den- 
ture cases  occasionally  require  bicuspids  of  lengths  or  widths  or 
thickness  which  cannot  be  found  in  the  anatomical  bicuspids. 

To  meet  these  requirements,  a  line  of  bicuspids  in  the  old  moulds 
is  included.  The  moulds  range  from  the  very  small  bicuspids  in 
upper  mould  42  to  the  very  large  bicuspids  in  mould  84,  and  the 
very  long  bicuspids  of  mould  93. 

By  the  use  of  these  moulds,  almost  any  requirement  of  practice 
may  be  satisfactorily  met. 

The  upper  and  lower  bicuspids  are  not  given  here  as  articulating. 
The  necessities  of  partial  denture  making  compel  the  dentist  to  select 
teeth  of  proper  size  for  the  space,  and  to  grind  them  to  articula- 
tion if  necessary. 

Anatomical  Bicuspids  and  Molars. 

The  bicuspids  and  molars  suggested  for  full  dentures  are  in  the 
well  known  anatomical  moulds  of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company, 
which  critics  in  the  profession  generally  concede  to  be  unequalled. 
These  moulds  are  here  carded  in  order  of  width. 

While  the  combinations  of  anteriors  and  posteriors  suggested 
above  will  be  found  satisfactory  in  most  cases,  this  Mould  Guide 
permits  the  dentist  to  combine  such  anteriors  and  posteriors  as  best 
meet  the  conditions  of  any  case. 

Upper  and  lower  bicuspids  and  molars  of  the  same  mould 
number  should  always  be  chosen,  that  is  upper  ^^  and  lower  ^^,  and 
not  upper  ^^  and  lower  98.  Upper  and  lower  bicuspids  and  molars 
of  the  same  mould  number  are  carved  to  articulate,  but  uppers  of 
one  number  will  not  articulate  with  lowers  of  another  number. 
That  is  upper  mould  ^^  will  not  articulate  with  lower  mould  98. 

Saddleback  Bicuspids  and  Molars. 

In  certain  cases,  especially  partial  dentures,  the  closeness  of  the 
bite  prohibits  the  use  of  teeth  of  the  usual  form  and  thickness.  In 
such  cases  the  saddleback  moulds  here  included  will  be  found  very 
useful.     Upper  moulds  4  and  17,  for  instance  are  very  shallow. 

Care  must  be  taken  to  specify  that  vulcanite  saddleback  teeth 
are  desired  since  we  make  also  saddleback  facings  with  platinum 
pins. 

386 


The  Use  of  This  Mould  Guide  With  7 io-i 010-1210 
Assortments. 

The  dentist  who  has  on  hand  one  of  the  larger  vulcanite  Assort- 
ments of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company  will  reap  the  greatest  ad- 
vantages in  the  making  of  full  dentures  from  the  use  of  this  Guide. 
For,  having  selected  from  the  sample  teeth  in  the  Guide  just  those 
he  requires,  he  can  at  once  select  the  teeth  from  his  Assortment  and 
proceed  with  the  case. 

This  applies  with  equal  force  to  the  dentist  who  sends  his  den- 
tures to  the  laboratory.  He  may  improve  the  very  unusual  advan- 
tages mentioned  in  the  next  paragraph,  and  send  just  the  desired 
teeth  to  the  laboratory.  In  this  way,  he  will  secure  the  finest  effects 
possible  to  him. 

Possibilities  of  Artistic  Selection. 

The  dentist  who  wishes  to  select  teeth  to  produce  artistic  effects, 
will  revel  in  the  opportunities  afforded  by  this  Guide. 

Here,  ready  to  his  hand,  are  44  upper  moulds  and  14  lowers  for 
full  cases.  They  represent  different  types,  with  different  outlines, 
bulge,  slope  and  labial  markings.  There  are  lap  lateral  moulds 
like  51  and  27,  and  many  straight  lateral  moulds. 

What  an  opportunity  this  offers  the  dentist  to  change  a  tooth 
here  and  there,  to  put  a  lap  lateral  on  one  side  and  a  straight  lateral 
on  the  other,  to  change  cuspids  between  two  moulds  like  19  and  90, 
and  get  the  advantages  of  the  slight  but  very  real  differences. 

And  what  an  opportunity  it  offers  the  dentist  to  develop  himself 
in  artistic  perception  and  selection. 

This  changing  of  moulds  can  be  best  accomplished  by  the  dentist 
who  has  on  hand  a  stock  of  teeth  from  which  he  can  make  changes 
after  they  have  been  determined  upon  by  the  use  of  this  Guide. 

The  Economics  of  Such  Selection. 

The  teeth  for  any  vulcanite  case  can  be  selected  more  quickly 
and  perfectly  from  this  Vulcanite  Mould  Guide,  than  in  any  other 
way.  The  time  saved  over  the  usual  methods  of  selection  will  soon 
pay  for  this  Vulcanite  Mould  Guide. 

387 


This  use  of  this  Guide  is  preferable  to  the  use  of  the  depot 
stock,  because  it  simplifies  selection.  The  teeth  are  here  all  of  a 
shade  so  that  no  confusion  results  from  seeing  many  shades. 
There  is  only  one  set  of  each  mould  so  that  selection  is  further 
simplified.  Only  the  moulds  most  generally  approved  are  shown, 
so  distraction  of  attention  by  "extreme"  moulds  is  avoided. 

Experience  with  similar  Guides  at  our  retail  tooth  counters 
shows  that  teeth  may  be  more  quickly,  conveniently  and  satisfac- 
torily selected  by  means  of  this  Guide. 

We  offer  other  Guides  of  similar  character  in  Porcelain  Crowns, 
and  in  Facings.  Information  concerning  these  other  guides  will  be 
furnished  on  request  or  the  Guides  may  be  ordered  from  your 
dealer,  or  direct  from  us  if  the  order  is  accompanied  by  a  remittance 
to  the  value  of  the  Guide. 

The  vulcanite  moulds  here  shown  are  furnished  in: 

Twentieth  Century  Teeth,   full  pin; 

Twentieth  Century  Combination  Sets; 

Solila  Teeth,  full  pin; 

Solila  Combination  Sets; 

Dentsply  Teeth,   full  pin; 

Dentsply  Combination  Sets. 


388 


Mould  Guide  For  Vulcanite  Teeth  of  The  Dentists'  Supply  Company 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY,  SOLILA   .Gold  PIn.i  DENTSPLY     Pl.,l,„um  P,„.    ^nd  CmmbINATION  SCTS 


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389 


GENERAL  INDEX. 


A 

ANATOMICAL  MOULDS,  Carded  with  Certain  Anteriors 36 

"            in  the  Assortments    49 

"            in  the  Several  Forms  of  Teeth 49 

"  Plain  Lower  Vulcanite,  Cuts  and  Description  125-129 

"      Upper              "             "      "               "  71-91 

"            42  Upper  and  13  Lower  Anteriors 37 

"            Sizes  of   36 

What  They  Are  For 33 

Anchorages,  How  They  Avoid  Cracking  the  Porcelain 54 

Articulation  Chart  for  Assortment  610  41 

for  Assortment  1210 42 

Artificial  Tooth  Terms 59 

Assortments    610  (Illus.) 41 

710   (Illus.) 44 

713  (Illus.) 345-349 

1010  (Illus.) 45-47 

1210                  42 

Assortments,  Advantages  of    39-48 

Assortments  in  Vulcanite  Teeth    39 

B 

Baked-in  Composition  Pin  Teeth 57 

Bicuspids  and  Molars  with  Half  Cusps,  Plain  Vulcanite  Upper 116-117 

"          to  Shade  in,  and  Molars  41-42 

Bonwill  Circle,  Setting  Teeth  on  the, 63 


Chart  of  Gum  Vulcanite  Teeth  with  Terms  for  Ordering, 204 

Chart,  Articulating,  for  Assortment  610  41 

for  Assortment  1210 42 

Chart,  Comparative  Shade   31 

"       of  Plain  Vulcanite  Teeth 70 

Combination  of  Anteriors  and  Posteriors 41-42 

Crown  Assortment  No.  1   (Illus.)    341-342 

Crown  Assortment  No.  2  (Illus.)    343-344 

Crown  Assortment  No.  713    (Illus.)    345-349 

Crown  Assortment  (Dentsply)     349 

Crown  Post  Facts    324-329 

Crowns,  How  to  Select  Stock  of 339 

Crowns,  Porcelain,  Selecting  and  Setting,  308-341 

Cuspids,  Special,  Moulds 302-305 

D 

Dentsply  Crown  Assortment  No.  713 349 

Dentsply  Facings,   Short  Moulds 247-262 

390 


DENTSPLY  PLATINUM    PIN    FAONGS 226-336 

"  "  "      Bicuspids   and    Molars 293-296 

"  "      Bicuspids  and  Molars  (Pointed  Pins) 285-292 

"  "  "      Lowers    244,  300-301 

DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS,   Uppers,   Long   Moulds,   Long 

and  Wide  280-284 

"  Medium  Moulds,  Me- 

dium    Long     and 

Narrow    269-272 

"  Medium     Long    and 

Medium  Wide   ...272-275 
"  "  "  "  "  Medium    Long    and 

Wide 275-280 

"  "  "  "  "  Short  Moulds,  Short 

and  Narrow   263-865 

"  "  "  "  "  Short  Moulds,  Short 

and  Wide  268 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facing,  Table  of  Uppers 237-243 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facing,  Special  Cuspid   Moulds 303-305 

Dentsply  Pointed   Pin  Facings 213-220 

"  "  "  "        Handy  Facing  Assortment,  No.  228 217 

"  "  "  "        Mould  Guide   221 

Directions  for  Articulating  the  Teeth 42 

E 

Economic  Advantages  of  Assortments 48 

Economies  in  Selecting  219,  335,  339 

F 

FACINGS,  Dentsply.    See  under  Dentsply  Facings. 

Hints  Regarding  Use  of 226-236 

"  Measurement  of   235-236 

"  Selecting  by  means  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  Mould  Guide   221-225 

G 

Getting  Dimensions  in  Millimeters 22,  23 

Gum  Vulcanite  Moulds  in  Twentieth  Century,  Solila  and  Dentsply  Teeth. . .  .160-212 
Gum  Vulcanite  Teeth,  Chart  of,  with  Terms  for  Ordering 204 

H 

Handy  Facing  Assortment  No.  228  in  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings 217 

Hints  Regarding  Selection  of  Lower  Teeth 118-120 

How  to  Articulate   Anteriors    41-42 

How  to  Use  Tables  for  Tooth  Measurements 25 

L 

Length  of  Teeth 61 

Lower  Moulds,  Obtaining  Dimension  for. 120 

391 


M 

Measuring  Dimensions  with  tlie  Millimeter 23-33 

Measuring  Facings    335 

Microscopic  Inspection  of  Teeth   53 

Mould  Guide,  Pointed  Pin  Facing 231 

Moulds,  Color  and  Shade 320-323 

Ordering    224 

Moulds,  Gum  Vulcanite,  New  193 

Uppers   160-165 

MOULDS,  PLAIN  VULCANITE,  Lower 118-154 

"                  "                     "               Upper,  Short  and  Narrow  71-74 

"                     "                    "        Short  and  Medium  Wide 74-75 

"                  "                     "                    "        Medium  Long  and  Narrow 75-80 

Medium  Long  and  Medium  Wide  81-89 

Long    90-91 

Table  of  65-69 

Moulds,  Selecting  by  means  of  the  Divider 314 

O 

Obtaining  Dimensions  for  Lower  Moulds 120 

Ordering  Moulds  204,  224 

Outline  of  Teeth 63 


Pins,  Mechanical  Advantages  of  Soldering  in 55 

Pins,  Measurement  of  Platinum  and  Composition 55 

Pins,  Baked-in  Composition  57 

PLATINUM,  Advance  in  Price  of 51 

"  How  It  Came  to  be  Used  for  Tooth  Pins 50 

Pin  Facings,  Lowers   (Pointed  Pin) 297-299 

,.      "  "  "  Special  Cuspid  Moulds 302-303 

Porcelain  Crowns — How  to  Select  and  Set 308-341 

Sample  Moulds  : 311 

R 

Rest  Line   17 

Ridge-lap 24 


Saddleback  Bicuspid   and   Molars    155 

Saddleback  Facings  with  Painted  Pins,  Uppers  and  Lowers 306-307 

Sample  Moulds  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facings  (lUus.) 221 

Sections  of  Natural  Upper  Cuspids 330-331 

Sections  of  Upper  Laterals    332-334 

Selecting  by  means  of  Dentsply  Pointed  Pin  Facing  Mould  Guide 221-225 

Setting  Teeth  on  the  Bonwill  Circle 63 

Shade  Guide,  Twentieth  Century,  How  to  Use 29-33 

Shades  of  Teeth    43-63 

392 


SOLILA  TEETH  58 

,  Gum  Vulcanite  Moulds  in 206 

Special  Cuspid  Moulds 302-305 

Stock  of  Crowns,  How  to  Select 339 

Strength  of  Teeth 60 


TEETH,  Translucency  of    59 

Strength  of   60 

Shades  of    60 

"         Moulds  of 61 

Length  of    61 

Width  of   62 

"         Thickness  of 62 

"         Outline  of   63 

Teeth,  Baked-in  Composition  Pin 57 

"        Plain  Lower  Vulcanite   (not  Anatomical)    Cuts,  Description 130-154 

(Anatomical   Moulds)     125-129 

"        Plain  Vulcanite  Uppers,  Anatomical  Moulds 71-91 

"        Selection  of  Lower 118-120 

"        Setting  on  the  Bonwill  Circle 63 

"        Solila    58 

Thickness  of  Teeth  62 

To  Shade  in  Bicuspids  and  Molars 41-42 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  CROWNS   372 

"  "  "  Arranged  Numerically  and  by  Sizes  350-352 

Assortment  No.  713 349 

Bicuspids     374-381 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  CROWNS,  Upper  Anteriors,  Short 353-360 

Long  368-374 

"  "  "  Lower  Anteriors    372 

Method  of  Selecting  Teeth 17-30 

"  "  Principle,  How  It  Came  to  be  Used  in  Tooth 

Making    50-57 

Shade  Guide  32 

How  to  Use  29 

"  "  Vulcanite  Teeth,  Gum  Lowers 206-212 

Tables    205 

Gum  Uppers 166-193-198-204 

"  "  "  "  Plain  Lowers  in  6's 155 

"  "         Plain     Vulcanite,     Upper, 

Cuts     and     Description 

(not  Anatomical)    92-116 

"  "  "  "         Plain      Upper     Vulcanite, 

Anatomical  Moulds    . . .     71-91 
V 

Vulcanite  Gum  Moulds   160 

Vulcanite  Teeth,  Gum  Uppers  166-19 

Vulcanite  Teeth,  Table  of  Plain  Vulcanite  Upper  Moulds 65-69 

W 

Width  of  Teeth 62 

393 


PORCELAIN  TOOTH  PRODUCTS  OF  THE 
DENTISTS'  SUPPLY  COMPANY. 

Twentieth  Century  Teeth — Plain  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — soldered  pins  throughout) 

Twentieth  Century  Combination  Sets 

(Twentieth  Century  Anteriors — pinless  backs) 

Twentieth  Century  Teeth — Gum  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — soldered  pins  throughout) 

SoLiLA  Teeth — Plain  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain,  reinforced  gold  pins,  gold  sold- 
ered to  platinum  anchorages) 

SoLiLA  Combination  Sets — Plain  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth    Century    Porcelain — gold    pin    anteriors — pinless 
backs) 

SoLiLA  Teeth — Gum  Vulcanite 

(Gold  pins  throughout) 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Teeth — Plain  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — Platinum  pins  throughout) 

Dentsply  Combination  Sets — Plain  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — platinum  pin  anteriors — pinless 
backs) 

Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Teeth — Gum  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — platinum  pins  throughout) 

Dentsply  Combination  Sets — Gum  Vulcanite 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — platinuin  pin  anteriors — ^pinless 
backs) 

Dentsply  Diatoric  Teeth — Plain  Vulcanite 
Dentsply  Diatoric  Teeth — Gum  Vulcanite 
Dentsply  Platinum  Pin  Facings 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — long  pins,  pointed  or  blunt) 

Twentieth  Century  Crowns 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — fixed  posts) 

Dentsply  Croons 

(Twentieth  Century  Porcelain — detached  posts) 

SoLiLA  Crowns,  with  Fixed  Posts 

(Reinforced  pure  gold  posts,  gold  soldered  to  platinum  anchor- 
ages) 

394 


INDEX  TO  TABLES. 


PAGE 

PLAIN  VULCANITE  MOULDS,  UPPERS,  With  Anatomical   Bicuspids 

and  Molars 65-66 

"  "  "  "  Not    Regularly    Comprising 

Anatomical  Bicuspids  and 
Molars   66-67 

"  "  "  ,  "  Arranged   Numerically    ....     68-69 

PLAIN  VULCANITE  MOULDS,  LOWERS,  Comprising  Anatomical  Bi- 
cuspids and  Molars  121-122 

"  "  "  "  Arranged   Numerically    123-124 

PLAIN  LOWER  MOULDS  IN  6's,  Anteriors  Only 124 

GUM  VULCANITE  MOULDS,  UPPERS,  Arranged  Numerically 162-165 

"  "  "  "  Gum  Uppers,  4's  Front   198 

GUM  VULCANITE  MOULDS,  LOWERS,  Arranged  Numerically 205 

"  "  "  "  Arranged   by    Size 205 

DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS,  UPPERS,  Arranged  Numeri- 
cally, in  Tables 
of  6's  showing 
centrals,   laterals 

and  cuspids  237-239 

"  "  "  "  Arranged  by  Size. 240-243 

DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS,  LOWERS,  Arranged  Numeri- 
cally             244 

"  "  "  "  "  Arranged  by  Size.         244 

DENTSPLY  PLATINUM  PIN  FACINGS,  BICUSPIDS  AND  MOLARS, 

Arranged  by  Size   245 

CUSPIDS  IN  PAIRS,  Dimensions  in  Millimeters 246 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  CROWNS,  Arranged  Numerically 351 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  CROWNS,  Arranged  by  Size. 351-352 

TWENTIETH  CENTURY  CROWNS,  BICUSPIDS,    Arranged    Numeri- 
cally      372 


395 


COLUMBIA  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARIES  (hsi.stx) 

RK  656  D43  1914  C.1 


2002386321 


RKe56 

Dentists*  supply  co. 


D43 
1914 


OCT  1  3  1927 


